Psychological testing: principles and applications
Gespeichert in:
| Beteiligte Personen: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Englewood Cliffs
Prentice Hall
1994
|
| Ausgabe: | 3. ed. |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=006979172&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | XI, 548 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0132269945 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: Psychological testing
Autor: Murphy, Kevin R
Jahr: 1994
Contents PREFACE ix CHAPTER ONE: TESTS AND MEASUREMENTS 1 Psychological Tests—A Definition 3 Types of Tests 6 Tests and Decisions—Uses of Psychological Tests 8 Testing Activities of Psychologists 11 Information about Tests 12 Standards for Testing 14 Critical Discussion: Alternatives to Psychological Tests 15 Summary 16 CHAPTER TWO: TESTING AND SOCIETY 18 Types of Decisions 19 Societal Concerns 21 Analyzing the Societal Consequences of Tests 29 Critical Discussion: Are There Technical Solutions to Societal Problems? 31 Summary 32 -PART I:- PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT CHAPTER THREE: BASIC CONCEPTS IN MEASUREMENT AND STATISTICS 33 Psychological Measurement 33 Evaluating Psychological Tests 38 hi
IV Contents Statistical Concepts 40 Critical Discussion: Measurement Scales and Statistics 48 Summary 49 CHAPTER FOUR: SCALES, TRANSFORMATIONS, AND NORMS 51 Transformations 52 Equating Scale Scores 56 Norms 59 Expectancy Tables 67 Critical Discussions: Should Black IQ Scores Be Based on White Norms? 70 Summary 71 CHAPTER FIVE: RELIABILITY: THE CONSISTENCY OF TEST SCORES 73 Sources of Consistency and Inconsistency in Test Scores 74 General Model of Reliability 76 Simple Methods of Estimating Reliability 78 Reliability Estimates and Error 84 The Generalizability of Test Scores 85 Critical Discussion: Generalizability and Reliability Theory 87 Summary 88 CHAPTER SIX: USING AND INTERPRETING INFORMATION ABOUT TEST RELIABILITY 90 Using the Reliability Coefficient 90 Factors Affecting Reliability 95 Special Issues in Reliability 99 How Reliable Should Tests Be? 103 Critical Discussion: Precise but Narrow—The Bandwidth-Fidelity Dilemma 104 Summary 105 CHAPTER SEVEN: VALIDITY OF MEASUREMENT: CONTENT AND CONSTRUCT-ORIENTED VALIDATION STRATEGIES 106 Validation Strategies 106 Assessing the Validity of Measurement 108 Content-Oriented Validation Strategies 108 Construct-Oriented Validation Strategies 114 Content and Construct Validity 124 Critical Discussion: Do Intelligence Tests Really Measure Intelligence? 126 Summary 127
Contents CHAPTER EIGHT: VALIDITY FOR DECISIONS: CRITERION-RELATED VALIDATION STRATEGIES 129 Decisions and Prediction 130 Criteria 131 Criterion-Related Validation Strategies 132 Construct Validity and Criterion-Related Validity 137 Interpreting Validity Coefficients 140 Critical Discussion: Values and Validation 148 Summary 149 CHAPTER NINE: ITEM ANALYSIS 151 Purpose of Item Analysis 152 Distractor Analysis 152 Item Difficulty 154 Item Discrimination 156 Interactions among Item Characteristics 160 The Item Characteristic Curve 162 Critical Discussion: Using Item Response Theory to Detect Test Bias 170 Summary 171 -PART II:- APPLYING THE PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT CHAPTER TEN: THE PROCESS OF TEST DEVELOPMENT 172 Constructing the Test 172 Norming and Standardizing Tests 181 Test Publication and Revision 183 Critical Discussion: Should Tests Be Normed Nationally, Regionally, or Locally? 185 Summary 186 CHAPTER ELEVEN: COMPUTERIZED TEST ADMINISTRATION AND INTERPRETATION 188 Use of Computers in Testing: A Taxonomy 189 Computerized Test Administration 190 Computerized Adaptive Testing 192 Computer-based Test Interpretation 195 Detecting Invalid or Unusual Response Patterns 199 Critical Discussion: The Barnum Effect and Computerized Test Interpretation 200 Summary 200
VI Contents CHAPTER TWELVE: MEASURING PSYCHOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES 202 Psychological Attributes and Decisions 202 Intelligence—General Mental Ability 203 Interests 216 Personality 220 Critical Discussion: Do Different Test Formats Give Unique Interpretive Information? 226 Summary 227 CHAPTER THIRTEEN: ABILITY TESTING: INDIVIDUAL TESTS 229 The Role of the Examiner 230 Individual Tests of General Mental Ability 231 Individual Tests of Specific Abilities 248 Critical Discussion: Testing Minorities 249 Summary 250 CHAPTER FOURTEEN: ABILITY TESTING: GROUP TESTS 252 Advantages and Disadvantages of Group Tests 253 Measures of General Intelligence 254 Scholastic Tests 258 Multiple Aptitude Batteries 264 Critical Discussion: The Case against Large-Scale Testing 270 Summary 271 CHAPTER FIFTEEN: ISSUES IN ABILITY TESTING 273 Bias and Fairness in Mental Testing 274 Critical Discussion: Are Judgments of Item Bias Useful? 285 Culture-Reduced Testing 285 Critical Discussion: Intelligence and Adaptive Behavior 293 Heritability, Consistency, and Modifiability of IQ 293 Critical Discussion: Project Head Start 300 Summary 301 -PART III:- APPLICATION OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT CHAPTER SIXTEEN: TESTS AND EDUCATIONAL DECISIONS 302 Applications in Institutional Decision Making 303 Critical Discussion: The National Assessment of Educational Progress 308
Contents VII Applications in Individual Decision Making 309 Critical Discussion: What Is Criterion-referenced Testing? 313 Summary 314 CHAPTER SEVENTEEN: INTEREST ASSESSMENT 315 The Strong Vocational Interest Inventory 316 The Kuder Occupational Interest Survey 329 Career Assessment Inventory 337 Jackson Vocational Interest Survey 342 Critical Discussion: Should Interest Tests Be Used in Personnel Selection? 346 Summary 348 CHAPTER EIGHTEEN: PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT IN INDUSTRY: ISSUES IN PREDICTION 349 Extent and Impact of Personnel Testing 349 Predicting Performance 351 Comparative Assessment of Personnel Tests 366 Critical Discussion: Can Graphology Predict Occupational Success? 368 Assessing Integrity 369 The Validity of Personnel Tests 373 The Social and Legal Context of Employment Testing 376 Critical Discussion: Personnel Selection from the Applicant’s Point of View 379 Summary 380 CHAPTER NINETEEN: PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT IN INDUSTRY: CRITERION MEASUREMENT 382 Criterion Measures 382 Judgmental Measures 386 Can We Measure the Value of Performance? 399 Critical Discussion: The Ethics of Evaluation-Telling More Than You Know 402 Summary 402 CHAPTER TWENTY: PERSONALITY TESTING IN CLINICAL SETTINGS 404 Development of Personality Testing 405 Objective Measures of Personality 406 Projective Tests of Personality 417 Critical Discussion: Reliability and Validity of Projective Tests, Personality Inventories, and Intelligence Tests 420 9
viii Contents Critical Discussion: Are Scales on Personality Tests Interpreted Independently? 424 Summary 425 CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE: DIAGNOSTIC TESTING: CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 426 The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory 427 MMPI-2 433 The Bender-Gestalt 434 Scatter Analysis 438 Diagnostic Classification System 441 Critical Discussion: Politics, Economics, and Diagnosis 446 Summary 446 CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO: CLINICAL ASSESSMENT 448 The Nature of Clinical Assessment 449 Studying Clinical Judgment 453 Structured Assessment Programs 461 Critical Discussion: Psychological Assessment in the Courtroom 471 Summary 473 APPENDIX A: FORTY REPRESENTATIVE TESTS 474 APPENDIX B: ETHICAL PRINCIPLES OF PSYCHOLOGISTS AND CODE OF CONDUCT 476 APPENDIX C: CODE OF FAIR TESTING PRACTICES IN EDUCATION 493 APPENDIX D: REVIEW OF BASIC STATISTICS 498 REFERENCES 505 AUTHOR INDEX 539 SUBJECT INDEX 545
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| spellingShingle | Murphy, Kevin R. 1952- Davidshofer, Charles O. Psychological testing principles and applications Psychologische tests gtt Psychométrie Psychométrie ram Tests psychologiques Tests psychologiques ram Educational Measurement Psychological Tests Psychological tests Textbooks Psychometrics Textbooks Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 gnd Testtheorie (DE-588)4131939-4 gnd Test (DE-588)4059549-3 gnd |
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| title | Psychological testing principles and applications |
| title_auth | Psychological testing principles and applications |
| title_exact_search | Psychological testing principles and applications |
| title_full | Psychological testing principles and applications Kevin R. Murphy ; Charles O. Davidshofer |
| title_fullStr | Psychological testing principles and applications Kevin R. Murphy ; Charles O. Davidshofer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Psychological testing principles and applications Kevin R. Murphy ; Charles O. Davidshofer |
| title_short | Psychological testing |
| title_sort | psychological testing principles and applications |
| title_sub | principles and applications |
| topic | Psychologische tests gtt Psychométrie Psychométrie ram Tests psychologiques Tests psychologiques ram Educational Measurement Psychological Tests Psychological tests Textbooks Psychometrics Textbooks Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 gnd Testtheorie (DE-588)4131939-4 gnd Test (DE-588)4059549-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Psychologische tests Psychométrie Tests psychologiques Educational Measurement Psychological Tests Psychological tests Textbooks Psychometrics Textbooks Psychologie Testtheorie Test Aufsatzsammlung |
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