The biology and evolution of fossil plants:
Gespeichert in:
| Beteiligte Personen: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey
Prentice Hall
1993
|
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005264830&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | XXII, 982 Seiten Illustrationen |
| ISBN: | 0136515894 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The biology and evolution of fossil plants |c Thomas N. Taylor and Edith L. Taylor |
| 264 | 1 | |a Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey |b Prentice Hall |c 1993 | |
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|---|---|
| adam_text | THE
BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
OF
FOSSIL PLANTS
THOMAS N TAYLOR and EDITH L TAYLOR
THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY
= ^ PRENTICE HALL
=5^^ Ehglewood Cliffs, New Jersey 07632
CONTENTS
PREFACE xvii
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
WHAT IS PALEOBOTANY? 1
THE OBJECTIVES OF PALEOBOTANY 2
HOW PLANT FOSSILS ARE FORMED AND STUDIED 5
Compressions 7
Coal 12
Impressions 14
Molds and casts 15
Permineralizations 17
Unaltered plant material 26
PALYNOLOGY 31
GEOLOGIC TIME AND RADIOMETRIC DATING 33
BIOLOGICAL CORRELATION 34
CLASSIFICATION 36
CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM 37
CHAPTER 2 PRECAMBRIAN LIFE 48
ARCHEAN LIFE 54
PROTERO2OIC LIFE 57
Early Proterozoic 57
Origin of O2-Producing Photosynthesis 60
Middle Proterozoic 61
Origin of Eukaryotes 63
Late Proterozoic 65
CONCLUSIONS 72
vn
viii Contents
CHAPTER 3 FUNGI, BACTERIA, AND LICHENS 73
SAPROPHYTISM 84
PARASITISM 87
MUTUALISM 90
FUNGI-ANIMAL INTERACTIONS 94
SEDIMENTARY INTERACTIONS 97
EPIPHYLLOUS FUNGI 98
BACTERIA 101
Archaebacteria 102
Cyanobacteria 103
LICHENS 106
CHAPTER 4 ALGAE 108
CHLOROPHYTA 109
EUGLENOPHYTA 120
CHRYSOPHYTA 121
RHODOPHYTA 123
PHAEOPHYTA 128
PYRROPHYTA 131
OTHER PHYTOPLANKTON 133
CHAPTER 5 BRYOPHYTES 135
PROBLEMATIC BRYOPHYTES 137
HEPATOPHYTA 139
BRYOPHYTA 143
ANTHOCEROTOPHYTA 147
CONCLUSIONS 147
CHAPTER 6 TERRESTRIALIZATION OF THE LAND 149
PROBLEMATIC ORGANISMS 149
ISOLATED FRAGMENTS 158
Cuticle 158
Spores 159
Tubes 161
LAND PLANT ANCESTORS 165
THE TRANSITION TO LAND 166
Contents ix
CHAPTER 7 THE STRUCTURE AND ORGANIZATION OF VASCULAR
PLANTS 172
ORGANIZATION OF THE PRIMARY PLANT BODY 173
Leaf morphology and anatomy 174
PRIMARY DEVELOPMENT 175
SECONDARY DEVELOPMENT 176
STRUCTURE OF PRIMARY XYLEM AND PHLOEM 177
Xylem 177
Phloem 178
SECONDARY XYLEM AND PHLOEM 179
Secondary xylem 179
Secondary phloem 182
STELE TYPES 182
XYLEM MATURATION PATTERNS 186
CHAPTER 8 EARLY LAND PLANTS WITH CONDUCTING TISSUE 187
RHYNIOPHYTA 191
RHYNIE CHERT PLANTS 195
ZOSTEROPHYLLOPHYTA 203
TRIMEROPHYTOPHYTA 216
GAMETOPHYTE GENERATION 226
CHAPTER 9 LYCOPODS 233
DREPANOPHYCALES 235
PROTOLEPIDODENDRALES 242
LEPIDODENDRALES 248
Vegetative Features 251
Leaf bases 251
Stem structure 255
Cortical tissues 257
Stem development 258
Leaves 260
Underground organs: Structure 260
Underground organs: Development 264
Reproductive Biology 265
Megasporangiate cones 270
Sigi Marian Lycopbds 275
Leaf bases 277
Contents
Leaves 277
Stem structure 277
Underground organs 279
Reproductive biology 280
Other Lepidodendrid Genera 281
LYCOPODIALES 285
SELAGINELLALES 288
PLEUROMEIALES 294
ISOETALES 297
CONCLUSIONS 300
CHAPTER 10 SPHENOPHYTES 303
PSEUDOBORNIALES 305
SPHENOPHYLLALES 307
Vegetative Biology 308
Reproductive Biology 312
EQUISETALES 317
Calamitaceae 318
Vegetative biology (Upper Carboniferous forms): Stems 320
Vegetative biology (Upper Carboniferous forms): Roots 328
Vegetative biology (Upper Carboniferous forms): Leaves 329
Reproductive biology (Upper Carboniferous forms) 332
Equisetaceae 339
CONCLUSIONS 343
CHAPTER 11 FERNS 346
CLADOXYLALES 349
IRIDOPTERIDALES 362
RHACOPHYTALES 363
COENOPTERIDALES 368
STAUROPTERIDALES 369
ZYGOPTERIDALES 373
Vegetative organs 373
Reproductive organs 375
MARATTIALES 382
Vegetative organs 383
Reproductive organs 389
Compression specimens 393
Mesozoic forms 395
Contents xi
OPHIOGLOSSALES 396
FILICALES 398
Botryopteridaceae 399
Vegetative organs 399
Reproductive organs 401
Other genera 404
Anachoropteridaceae 405
Psalixochlaenaceae 407
Sermayaceae 409
Tedeleaceae 410
Osmundaceae 414
Schizaeaceae 419
Gleicheniaceae 421
Dicksoniaceae 423
Cyatheaceae 425
Matoniaceae 426
Loxomataceae 429
Dipteridaceae 429
Polypodiaceae 430
Tempskyaceae 432
MARSILEALES 434
SALVINIALES 435
CONCLUSIONS 437
CHAPTER 12 PROGYMNOSPERMS 440
ARCHAEOPTERIDALES 440
NOEGGERATHIANS 447
ANEUROPHYTALES 450
PROTOPITYALES 458
CONCLUSIONS 459
CHAPTER 13 ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF THE SEED HABIT 460
HOMOSPORY AND HETEROSPORY 460
DEVONIAN SEEDS 466
CARBONIFEROUS SEEDS 472
EVOLUTION OF THE INTEGUMENT 478
EVOLUTION OF THE CUPULE 480
EMBRYOS 482
xii Contents
CHAPTER 14 PALEOZOIC SEED FERNS 485
CALAMOPITYALES 487
BUTEOXYLONALES 492
LYGINOPTERIDALES 494
Vegetative structure 494
Reproductive organs 497
Other stem genera 501
Seeds and cupules 510
Pollen organs 516
MEDULLOSALES 522
Stems 522
Leaves 528
Roots 530
Seeds 531
Pollen organs 538
CALLISTOPHYTALES 550
Vegetative structure 551
Reproductive organs 553
GLOSSOPTERIDALES 558
Vegetative organs 558
Reproductive organs 564
Ovulate organs 564
Pollen organs 571
CHAPTER 15 MESOZblC SEED FERNS 575
CAYTONIALES 575
CORYSTOSPERMALES 579
PELTASPERMALES 586
CHAPTER 16 PALEOZOIC AND MESOZOIC FOLIAGE 589
PALEOZOIC FOLIAGE 589
MESOZOIC FOLIAGE 600
Contents xiii
CHAPTER 17 CYCADOPHYTES 609
CYCADALES 609
BENNETTITALES 623
Cycadeoidaceae 624
Williamsoniaceae 629
CHAPTER 18 GINKGOPHYTES 636
CONCLUSIONS 642
CHAPTER 19 GYMNOSPERMS WITH OBSCURE AFFINITIES 644
CZEKANOWSKIALES 644
VOJNOVSKYALES 646
PENTOXYLALES 648
GIGANTOPTERIDALES 651
GNETALES 655
CHAPTER 20 CORDAITES 660
Vegetative features 661
Reproductive organs 665
Angaran cordaites 671
CHAPTER 21 CONIFERS 674
UTRECHTIACEAE 676
EMPORIACEAE 679
MAJONICACEAE 680
ULLMANNIACEAE 681
FERUGLIOCLADACEAE 684
BURIADIACEAE 686
PALISSYACEAE 687
CHEIROLEPIDIACEAE 688
PODOCARPACEAE 694
xiv Contents
ARAUCARIACEAE 699
CUPRESSACEAE 702
TAXODIACEAE 706
ARCTOPITYACEAE 712
PINACEAE 713
CEPHALOTAXACEAE 718
TAXACEAE 718
CONCLUSIONS 721
CHAPTER 22 FLOWERING PLANTS 723
PRE-CRETACEOUS EVIDENCE 726
ANGIOSPERM ANCESTORS 731
SITE OF ORIGIN 736
EARLY CRETACEOUS FOSSILS 736
Pollen evidence 736
Evidence from leaves 740
SELECTEDANGIOSPERM FAMILIES 746
Magnoliopsida 746
MAGNOLIIDAE 746
Magnoliales 746
Winteraceae 751
Magnoliaceae 751
Lactoridaceae 752
Laurales 753
Lauraceae 753
Piperales 753
Chloranthaceae 753
Nymphaeales 755
Nymphaeaceae 755
Ceratophyllales 756
Ceratophyllaceae 756
HAMAMELIDAE 756
Trochodendrales 757
Trochodendraceae 757
Hamamelidales 758
Cercidiphyllaceae 758
Platanaceae 761
Urticales 763
Ulmaceae 763
Moraceae 764
Juglandales 765
Juglandaceae 765
Contents xv
Myricales 768
Myricaceae 768
Fagales 769
Fagaceae 769
Nothofagaceae 771
Betulaceae 773
Casuarinales 773
Casuarinaceae 773
DILLENIIDAE 774
Theales 774
Theaceae 774
Salicales 775
Salicaceae 775
Ebenales 775
Ebenaceae 775
ROSIDAE 776
Rosales 776
Saxifragaceae 776
Rosaceae 776
Fabales 778
Leguminosae (Fabaceae) 778
Proteales 781
Proteaceae 781
Haloragales 782
Gunneraceae 782
Myrtales 782
Myrtaceae 782
Onagraceae 783
Cornales 783
Cornaceae 783
Euphorbiales 784
Buxac eae 784
- Euphorbiaceae 785
Rhamnales 787
Rhamnaceae 787
Vitaceae 787
Sapindales 788
Sapindaceae 788
Aceraceae 789
ASTERIDAE 790
Asterales 790
Asteraceae (Compositae) 790
Liliopsida 791
ALISMATIDAE 791
Alismatales 791
Alismataceae 791
xvi Contents
ARECIDAE 792
Arecales 792
Palmae (Arecaceae) 792
Arales 793
Araceae 793
COMMELINIDAE 794
Commelinales 794
Commelinaceae 794
Cyperales 794
Cyperaceae 794
Gramineae (Poaceae) 795
LILIIDAE 797
Liliales 797
Liliaceae 797
TERTIARY FLORAS 798
CONCLUSIONS 802
CHAPTER 23 PLANT-ANIMAL INTERACTIONS 804
EARLY ARTHROPODS AND PLANTS 804
DEFENSES AGAINST HERBIVORY 806
Mechanical protection 807
Chemical defenses 809
EVIDENCE OF HERBIVORY 810
Coprolites 810
Gut Contents 814
Bite Marks 815
Defoliation 816
Leaf Miners 817
Wound Tissue 818
Vertebrates and Herbivory 818
PLANTS AS HABITAT SOURCES 821
MIMICRY 823
POLLINATION 824
CONCLUSIONS 830
GLOSSARY 831
BIBLIOGRAPHY 855
INDEX 941
|
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| author | Taylor, Thomas N. 1937-2016 Taylor, Edith L. 1951- |
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| dewey-ones | 561 - Paleobotany; fossil microorganisms |
| dewey-raw | 561 |
| dewey-search | 561 |
| dewey-sort | 3561 |
| dewey-tens | 560 - Paleontology |
| discipline | Geologie / Paläontologie |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV007994971 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T09:14:51Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0136515894 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-005264830 |
| oclc_num | 611673365 |
| open_access_boolean | |
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| physical | XXII, 982 Seiten Illustrationen |
| publishDate | 1993 |
| publishDateSearch | 1993 |
| publishDateSort | 1993 |
| publisher | Prentice Hall |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Taylor, Thomas N. 1937-2016 Taylor, Edith L. 1951- The biology and evolution of fossil plants Evolutie gtt Planten gtt Paleobotany Plants, Fossil Paläobotanik (DE-588)4044361-9 gnd Fossile Pflanzen (DE-588)4155093-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4044361-9 (DE-588)4155093-6 |
| title | The biology and evolution of fossil plants |
| title_auth | The biology and evolution of fossil plants |
| title_exact_search | The biology and evolution of fossil plants |
| title_full | The biology and evolution of fossil plants Thomas N. Taylor and Edith L. Taylor |
| title_fullStr | The biology and evolution of fossil plants Thomas N. Taylor and Edith L. Taylor |
| title_full_unstemmed | The biology and evolution of fossil plants Thomas N. Taylor and Edith L. Taylor |
| title_short | The biology and evolution of fossil plants |
| title_sort | the biology and evolution of fossil plants |
| topic | Evolutie gtt Planten gtt Paleobotany Plants, Fossil Paläobotanik (DE-588)4044361-9 gnd Fossile Pflanzen (DE-588)4155093-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Evolutie Planten Paleobotany Plants, Fossil Paläobotanik Fossile Pflanzen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=005264830&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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