An essay in deontic logic and the general theory of action: with a bibliography of deontic and imperative logic
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Amsterdam
North-Holland Publ. Co.
1972
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. printing |
| Schriftenreihe: | Acta philosophica Fennica
21 |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003931339&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | 110 S. |
| ISBN: | 0720424011 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a An essay in deontic logic and the general theory of action |b with a bibliography of deontic and imperative logic |c by Georg Henrik von Wright |
| 250 | |a 2. printing | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Amsterdam |b North-Holland Publ. Co. |c 1972 | |
| 300 | |a 110 S. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| DE-BY-TUM_katkey | 1289043 |
| DE-BY-TUM_location | 01 |
| DE-BY-TUM_media_number | 040020029401 |
| _version_ | 1821932400588881921 |
| adam_text | Table of Contents
PREFACE 3
CHAPTER I Some Systems of Deontic Logic 11
1. Distinction between three groups of concepts: deontological or
normative notions, axiological or value notions, and praxeo
logical notions. Axiology and Deontology as branches of
Praxeology or a General Theory of Action.
2. Deontic logic originated from the observation of an analogy
between quantifiers, modalities, and normative notions.
3. The formal language of deontic calculi. The reading of deontic
formulae. The propositional nature of the variables. The
phrases it is permitted (obligatory) that and one is per¬
mitted (obligated) to see to it that .
4. An axiom system of deontic logic. The question of interde
finability of the deontic operators P (for permission) and
O (for obligation).
5. Observations on the meta theory of the axiomatic system.
The notion of a deontic constituent of a formula and of a
deontic tautology. Decision procedures. Completeness of the
system.
6. Some counter intuitive features of the system. Ross s Para¬
dox. The notion of a free choice permission.
7. Monadic and dyadic deontic logics. Definition of six concepts
of conditional permission. Conditional permission as a relation
of alternativeness between possible worlds.
8. Definition of corresponding obligation concepts. The notion
of a free choice restrictor.
9. The notion of logical truth in dyadic deontic logic. Observa¬
tions on the principle P(t/t) . Is it a synthetic proposition,
a meta norm, or a conceptual (logical) truth? Observations
on the principle O(p/q) P{pjq) .
10. The monadic systems of deontic logic as limiting cases of
the dyadic systems. The two main types of monadic systems.
The conception of the monadic formulae as imperatives .
11. The paradoxes revisited. The paradoxes are due to a con¬
fusion, on the intuitive level, between different P and O con
cepts.
12. Relations of logical strength between the various P concepts
and the various O concepts. Combined systems of deontic
logic. Sketch of a system which seems to hold a privileged
An Essay in Deontic Logic 7
position from the point of view of our intuitive understanding
of the concepts of permission and obligation.
CHAPTER II Elements of a Logic of Action 37
1. States of affairs and actions as the contents of norms. Dis¬
tinction between ideal rules (norms) and rules of action; Sein
sollen and Tunsollen. The need of a deontic logic of actions.
2. Definition of action as the bringing about and preventing of
changes in the world (nature). Acts and activities. Behaviour.
Action and omission.
3. A Logic of Action presupposes a Logic of Change. The notion
of a state of affairs. Generic and individual states.
4. The assumption of logical atomism. Its heuristic usefulness.
The assumption of discreteness of time. The notion of a his¬
tory. The T calculus.
5. The nature of an action is determined by the result of the
action in the setting of the acting situation, or opportunity,
for this action.
6. The counterfactual element involved in action. Action and
intentionality. The / calculus, a formal counterpart to the
T calculus. The T/ calculus.
7. The elementary modes of action and omission. The notion of
a total action. A succession of total actions constitutes a life.
Biographies. The notion of a life situation.
8. Interaction of agents. Our treatment confined to the case of
one agent alone with nature . But what happens in nature
may be the result of other agents operating in it.
9. Introduction of a modal operator M . The 77i / calculus.
Distinction between logical and natural possibility. Our notion
of natural possibility an amalgamation of human and
physical possibility. What a man can do in a given acting
situation depends partly upon his ability and partly upon
causation (determinism) in nature.
10. The life tree in a deterministic universe. The extreme cases
of omnipotence and impotence. The notion of degree of
freedom.
11. Distinction between states of affairs which are, and such
which are not, within the control of the agent. Redefinition of
the notion of a total action. A man can leave unchanged only
that which he also could have changed, and let happen only
that which he also could have prevented.
12. Distinction between ontic and epistemic determinism. The
life tree in a universe of varying degrees of determinism (in
determinism).
CHAPTER III The Deontic Logic of Action 58
1. Permission as deontic possibility. Our notion of deontic possi¬
bility an amalgamation of the notion of what a man may
8 Georg Henrik von Wright
(can legitimately) do and the notion of what opportunities of
action there may (can legitimately) be.
2. Relation between the deontic and the logical modalities.
Criticism of the view that only logically contingent things can
be the contents of norms.
3. Relation between the deontic and the natural modalities.
Considerations on seven cases of overlaps and non overlaps
of branches of a deontic and a naturalistic life tree. The idea
that ought entails can . The arguments for accepting it
are of an axiological order.
4. The derivation of a deontic life tree through a process of
pruning or trimming another life tree. The two extreme
cases of norms which are derivable from superior principles
and norms which are purely conventional. Technical norms
and rules of a game as examples. The relation of norms to
truth.
5. Since action is relative to an opportunity, norms of action
must be expressed in a dyadic deontic calculus. Sketch of a
combined calculus of monadic and dyadic deontic operators.
6. The notion of a fall . After a fall a man may become sub¬
ject to a new normative order. Contrary to Duty Imperatives.
A dyadic deontic calculus needed for the purpose of connecting
a post lapsarian normative order with the pre lapsarian
order.
7. The notion of commitment. The Paradoxes of Derived Obliga¬
tion. Their avoidance in a dyadic calculus.
8. The notion of predicament or internal conflict of obligation.
The story of Jephthah in the Book of Judges. The theorem
O(—t/p) O~p . Genuine predicament is logically pos¬
sible only through a fall . The resolution of predicaments.
CHAPTER IV Deontic Logic and some Meta Juristic Queries .... 82
1. The problems of the interrelatedness of the deontic operators
and of their interdefinability. Redefinition of the notion of
a well formed formula.
2. Normative systems. The notion of deontic determinacy. Open
and closed systems of norms.
3. Distinction between deontic determinacy with regard to
actions and with regard to states of affairs. Is every system
of norms trivially closed?
4. Defense of the interdefinability of the deontic operators. The
apparent failure of the inference from ~P~p to Op due
to a confusion between different permission , and corre¬
sponding obligation , concepts. The non trivial closing of a
normative system through a meta norm.
5. The principles Everything which is not prohibited is per¬
mitted and Everything which is not permitted is pro¬
hibited . Their apparent asymmetry due to a confusion of the
An Essay in Deontic Logic 9
ontic question of the existence of norms and the epistemic
question of establishing this existence. The principle nullum
crimen sine lege.
6. Norms of higher order. Normative action, i.e. the norm giving
acts of a norm authority, may itself be subject to norm.
7. Are there logical laws relating norms of different order? The
failure of the principle ab esse ad posse valet consequentia in
deontic logic. A suggested weakened form of the principle for
deontic logic.
8. The notions of competence and validity. The Principle of
Validity. Its use as a criterion of the unity of a normative
system.
BIBLIOGRAPHY 97
INDEX 108
|
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| discipline | Soziologie Philosophie |
| edition | 2. printing |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV006227842 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T08:45:08Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0720424011 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-003931339 |
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| physical | 110 S. |
| publishDate | 1972 |
| publishDateSearch | 1972 |
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| series | Acta philosophica Fennica |
| series2 | Acta philosophica Fennica |
| spellingShingle | Wright, Georg Henrik von 1916-2003 An essay in deontic logic and the general theory of action with a bibliography of deontic and imperative logic Acta philosophica Fennica Deontische Logik (DE-588)4133538-7 gnd Handlungstheorie (DE-588)4113844-2 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4133538-7 (DE-588)4113844-2 |
| title | An essay in deontic logic and the general theory of action with a bibliography of deontic and imperative logic |
| title_auth | An essay in deontic logic and the general theory of action with a bibliography of deontic and imperative logic |
| title_exact_search | An essay in deontic logic and the general theory of action with a bibliography of deontic and imperative logic |
| title_full | An essay in deontic logic and the general theory of action with a bibliography of deontic and imperative logic by Georg Henrik von Wright |
| title_fullStr | An essay in deontic logic and the general theory of action with a bibliography of deontic and imperative logic by Georg Henrik von Wright |
| title_full_unstemmed | An essay in deontic logic and the general theory of action with a bibliography of deontic and imperative logic by Georg Henrik von Wright |
| title_short | An essay in deontic logic and the general theory of action |
| title_sort | an essay in deontic logic and the general theory of action with a bibliography of deontic and imperative logic |
| title_sub | with a bibliography of deontic and imperative logic |
| topic | Deontische Logik (DE-588)4133538-7 gnd Handlungstheorie (DE-588)4113844-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Deontische Logik Handlungstheorie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=003931339&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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Teilbibliothek Mathematik & Informatik
| Signatur: |
0102 PHI 640b 2001 A 36102
Lageplan |
|---|---|
| Exemplar 1 | Ausleihbar Am Standort |