Lay epistemics and human knowledge: cognitive and motivational bases
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
New York u.a.
Plenum Pr.
1989
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Perspectives in social psychology
|
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=001639855&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | XVII, 281 S. |
| ISBN: | 0306430789 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Lay epistemics and human knowledge |b cognitive and motivational bases |c Arie W. Kruglanski |
| 264 | 1 | |a New York u.a. |b Plenum Pr. |c 1989 | |
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| 650 | 7 | |a Sociale waarneming |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Sociologie de la connaissance | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Épistémique | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Erkenntnistheorie | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Attitude | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Cognition | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Epistemics | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Knowledge, Sociology of | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Motivation | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Social Perception | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Social perception | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Lay epistemics and human knowledge
Autor: Kruglanski, Arie W.
Jahr: 1989
Contents
1. The Lay Epistemic Framework: Its History and Scope
The Endogenous-Exogenous Partition and the
Process-Contents Distinction .................. 2
Logical Consistency and Inconsistency .............. 3
Motivational Bases ................................ 4
Content Domains of Application: Attitude Formation
and Change .................................. 4
Social Comparison and Minority Influence .......... 5
The Issue of Accuracy ............................. 5
Applications to Cognitive Therapy.................. 6
Scientific and Lay Modes of Knowledge Acquisition .. 6
2. Knowing All: A Theory of Lay Epistemics
The Psychological Properties of Knowledge.......... 9
The LEGO Blocks and the Searchlight Metaphors .... 10
The Searchlight Metaphor ....................... 11
The Process of Knowledge Acquisition.............. 13
Hypothesis Generation .......................... 13
The Process of Hypothesis Validation: Person as a
Natural Logician.............................. 22
Encoding of Stimulus Information as Hypothesis
Validation.................................. 23
Functions of Knowledge........................... 30
Summary....................................----- 32
civ CONTENTS
3. Empirical Research in the Lay Epistemic Framework .......... 35
Motivational Effects in Epistemic Behavior........... 35
The Context of Knowledge Formation............. 35
The Context of Knowledge Utilization ............ 42
The Context of Social Behavior ................... 45
The Logical Element in Epistemic Behaviors ......... 48
Cognitive Balance Effects ........................ 48
Inconsistency Resolution via Informational Search .. 49
Hypothesis Testing.............................. 50
Content-Bound Research in the Lay Epistemic
Framework................................... 52
Self-Ascribed Epistemic Authority ................ 53
Summary and Conclusions......................... 55
4. Unique and Nonunique Aspects of Attributions .............. 57
The Logical Aspect of Attribution................... 57
Kelley s ANOVA Model ......................... 58
Cognitive Capability Notions: Availability,
Accessibility, and Saliency ..................... 66
Motivational Bases of Attributions .................. 68
Epistemic Motivations Revisited: Needs for
Nonspecific and Specific Closure and for the
Avoidance of Closure ......................... 69
Implications of the Epistemic Reanalysis of
Motivational Effects in Attribution.............. 76
Concluding Comments: Unique and Nonunique
Aspects of Attributions ........................ 78
Implications for Further Research................. 81
Summary ........................................ 82
5. A Bridge to Consistency Theories.......................... 85
Deductive, Motivational, and Content-Related
Elements of Epistemic Behavior ................ 86
The Logical Aspect................................ 86
Festinger s Dissonance Theory ................... 87
Heider s Balance Theory......................... 89
The Congruity Model........................... 92
CONTENTS
Rosenberg s Affective-Cognitive Consistency
Theory..................................... 93
Abelson and Rosenberg s Psycho-Logic ........... 93
Aronson s Disconfirmation of Expectancy
Formulation ................................ 95
Irle s Revised Dissonance Theory................. 95
McGuire s Consistency Theory ................... 95
Recapitulation .................................. 95
The Mode of Resolution Problem................. 95
The Deductive Element in Cognitive Consistency
Theories: A Summing Up.................... 99
The Content Aspect of Cognitive Consistency
Theories ..................................... 100
Content-Specific Definitions of Inconsistency ...... 100
Mapping Out Attempts.......................... 101
The Motivational Aspect........................... 102
Inconsistency as a Universal Drive................ 102
Inconsistency s Motivational Properties as
Derived from Other Needs................... 103
Different Types of Inconsistency.................. 103
When Inconsistency Leads to Affect: A Lay
Epistemic Interpretation ..................... 104
Lay Epistemic Interpretation of the Consistency
Models: A Recapitulation .................... 105
Bridging the Consistency and Attribution
Paradigms.................................. 106
Research Implications of the Present Work ........ 107
Summary ........................................ 109
6. Attitudes as Knowledge Structures..................... 111
The Definition of an Attitude ...................... 111
The Derivation of Attitudes...................... 113
Attentional Focus Factors in Attitude Research..... 120
Epistemic Motivations and Attitude Change....... 123
Unitary or Disjunctive Processes of Attitude
Formation and Change...................... 129
Central versus Peripheral Routes to Attitude
Change: A Unified Perspective............... 131
An Epistemology of Actions and the Attitude-
Behavior Relation........................... 134
Summarv and Conclusions......................... 139
xvi CONTENTS
7. Further Domains of Application: Social Comparison
Processes and Minority-Influence Phenomena ................ 143
Social Comparison Processes....................... 143
The Two Senses of Social Comparison ............ 144
Social Comparison as the Content of a Question ... 146
Social Comparison as Use of Social Sources of
Information ................................ 148
The Motive Base of Social Comparison
Phenomena ................................ 154
Domain Differentiation of Social Comparison
Phenomena: The Content-Process
Distinction ................................. 155
Social Comparison Phenomena: The Epistemic
Perspective................................... 158
Proposed Reorientations......................... 159
Minority Influence ................................ 161
Popular Reputations of Minorities and
Majorities .................................. 161
Categories of Factors Affecting Judgment Formation
and Change ................................ 162
Conformity versus Independence in Minority and
Majority Contexts........................... 165
Compliance versus Internalization in the Majority
and Minority Paradigms ..................... 166
Conclusion ..................................... 168
Summary ........................................ 168
8. The Issue of Accuracy in Social Perception and Cognition...... 171
Themes in Recent Accuracy Research ............... 172
Defining Accuracy in Social Perception and
Cognition .................................. 172
Accuracy versus Accuracies ...................... 176
A Process-Based Analysis of Situational Accuracy .... 187
The Accuracy Framework........................ 187
The Realist Paradigm............................ 188
Phenomenal Accuracy........................... 192
Summary and Conclusions......................... 194
CONTENTS xvii
9. Knowing How to Cure: Implications for Cognitive Therapy .... 197
The Contents of Dysfunctional Beliefs:
The Frustrative Hypothesis .................... 197
Modifying the Frustrative Hypothesis:
Assessment Shifts, Goal Shifts, and
Means Shifts ............................... 198
Applying Lay Epistemic Principles to the Practice of
Cognitive Therapy ............................ 200
Knowledge Structures and Their Validity.......... 200
Epistemic Authority............................. 201
Freezing and Unfreezing Mechanisms............. 205
Contents of Therapeutic Change ................. 208
Lay Epistemics and Cognitive Therapies:
A Comparative Appraisal ...................... 209
The Dysfunctional Misconception (Distortion)
Hypothesis................................. 210
Are Depressives Wiser?.......................... 213
Contents of Irrational Beliefs ..................... 216
Primacy of Personal Experience as the Mediator of
Cognitive Change........................... 217
Implications of the Lay Epistemic Analysis for the
Practice of Cognitive Therapy ................ 219
Summary ........................................ 221
10. The Social Psychology of Science: On the Lay Epistemic
Underpinnings of Research Methodology.................... 223
Introduction...................................... 223
Official and Unofficial Research Methodologies ...... 224
Official Methodological Concepts................. 225
Beyond Official Methodologies: Science as a Social
Cognitive Enterprise ........................ 235
Summary ........................................ 245
References................................................. 247
Author Index.............................................. 269
Subject Index............................................». 275
|
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| id | DE-604.BV002547678 |
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| indexdate | 2024-12-20T07:52:04Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0306430789 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XVII, 281 S. |
| publishDate | 1989 |
| publishDateSearch | 1989 |
| publishDateSort | 1989 |
| publisher | Plenum Pr. |
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| series2 | Perspectives in social psychology |
| spellingShingle | Kruglanski, Arie W. Lay epistemics and human knowledge cognitive and motivational bases Attributie gtt Kennistheorie gtt Perception sociale Sociale waarneming gtt Sociologie de la connaissance Épistémique Erkenntnistheorie Attitude Cognition Epistemics Knowledge, Sociology of Motivation Social Perception Social perception Wissenssoziologie (DE-588)4066615-3 gnd Erkenntnistheorie (DE-588)4070914-0 gnd Alltagstheorie (DE-588)4132673-8 gnd Soziale Wahrnehmung (DE-588)4055740-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4066615-3 (DE-588)4070914-0 (DE-588)4132673-8 (DE-588)4055740-6 |
| title | Lay epistemics and human knowledge cognitive and motivational bases |
| title_auth | Lay epistemics and human knowledge cognitive and motivational bases |
| title_exact_search | Lay epistemics and human knowledge cognitive and motivational bases |
| title_full | Lay epistemics and human knowledge cognitive and motivational bases Arie W. Kruglanski |
| title_fullStr | Lay epistemics and human knowledge cognitive and motivational bases Arie W. Kruglanski |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lay epistemics and human knowledge cognitive and motivational bases Arie W. Kruglanski |
| title_short | Lay epistemics and human knowledge |
| title_sort | lay epistemics and human knowledge cognitive and motivational bases |
| title_sub | cognitive and motivational bases |
| topic | Attributie gtt Kennistheorie gtt Perception sociale Sociale waarneming gtt Sociologie de la connaissance Épistémique Erkenntnistheorie Attitude Cognition Epistemics Knowledge, Sociology of Motivation Social Perception Social perception Wissenssoziologie (DE-588)4066615-3 gnd Erkenntnistheorie (DE-588)4070914-0 gnd Alltagstheorie (DE-588)4132673-8 gnd Soziale Wahrnehmung (DE-588)4055740-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Attributie Kennistheorie Perception sociale Sociale waarneming Sociologie de la connaissance Épistémique Erkenntnistheorie Attitude Cognition Epistemics Knowledge, Sociology of Motivation Social Perception Social perception Wissenssoziologie Alltagstheorie Soziale Wahrnehmung |
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