The response of vegetation to disturbance in Death Valley National Monument, California:
Gespeichert in:
| Beteiligte Personen: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Nichtbestimmte Sprache |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Washington
United States Gov. Print. Off.
1988
|
| Schriftenreihe: | United States Geological Survey: Geological Survey bulletin
1793 |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000806663&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | VI, 103 S. Ill., Kt. |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Webb, Robert H. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The response of vegetation to disturbance in Death Valley National Monument, California |c by Robert H. Webb, John W. Steiger, and Evelyn B. Newman |
| 264 | 1 | |a Washington |b United States Gov. Print. Off. |c 1988 | |
| 300 | |a VI, 103 S. |b Ill., Kt. | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a United States Geological Survey: Geological Survey bulletin |v 1793 | |
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| 700 | 1 | |a Steiger, John W. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Newman, Evelyn B. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 830 | 0 | |a United States Geological Survey: Geological Survey bulletin |v 1793 |w (DE-604)BV002539394 |9 1793 | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | The Response of Vegetation to Disturbance in
Death Valley National Monument, California
By ROBERT H WEBB, JOHN W STEIGER, and
EVELYN B NEWMAN
p/i, /yu ) r/ 1 • f rj i /51- 2
U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1793
CONTENTS
Abstract 1
Introduction 2
Acknowledgments 2
Human use of the Death Valley area 3
Soil and vegetation processes important to revegetation 4
Soil processes 4
Rates of soil formation in deserts 4
Processes of soil recovery from compaction 6
The effects of soil compaction on plant growth 6
Vegetation processes 6
Models of plant succession 6
Succession in deserts 7
Recovery of desert vegetation 10
Life-history strategies 11
The succession model of Grime 12
Paleoecology of the Death Valley region 12
Methods 14
Study-site selection 14
Soils 14
Vegetation 15
Vegetation measurements 15
Ordination 15
Reproducibility and spatial variability 16
Primary plant succession on debris flows in Wood Canyon 17
The debris flows 17
The 1976 debris flow 17
Older debris flows originating in granitic rocks 19
Debris flows originating in metasedimentary rocks of the Kingston Peak(?)
Formation 20
Estimation of the ages of the debris flows 21
Discussion 23
Recovery of Skidoo townsite and the Skidoo pipeline 24
History of Skidoo and the Skidoo pipeline 24
Methods 26
Skidoo townsite 26
The Skidoo pipeline 29
Results 31
Recovery at Skidoo townsite 31
Recovery along the Skidoo pipeline 32
Discussion 33
Primary plant succession on alluvial terraces in Gold Valley and recovery of Gold Valley townsite 34
Methods 36
Terrace sequences A and B 36
Terrace sequence C and Gold Valley townsite 37
Discussion 42
Recovery of Greenwater, Kunze, and Furnace townsites 43
History of the Greenwater district 43
The setting of the townsites 46
Methods 49
Study-site selection 49
Soil and vegetation measurements 50
Results 50
Contents III
Recovery of compacted soils at Greenwater and Furnace townsites 50
Recovery of vegetation at Greenwater townsite 51
Recovery of vegetation at Furnace and Kunze townsites 52
Discussion 52
Paleoecological studies in the Black Mountains 53
Methods 53
Results 53
Discussion 55
A model of succession in Death Valley 57
Definition of succession 57
Primary succession in Death Valley 57
Recovery of soil properties and revegctation of abandoned townsites 58
Ordinations 58
Comparisons and contrasts between primary and secondary succession 61
Life-history strategies and succession 63
The forces behind succession in Death Valley 63
References cited 64
FIGURES
1 Index map showing location of study sites 3
2 Diagram illustrating the carbonate morphology classification of Gile and others
(1981) 4
3 Graphs of the monthly climate for Death Valley National Monument, Calif ,
and Las Cruces, N Mex 5
4 Aerial photograph of Wood Canyon showing recent debris flows 18
5-8 Photographs of:
5 Debris flow 1 and adjacent, older flows 19
6 Snout of debris flow 1 20
7 Snout of debris flow 3 21
8 Western Wood Canyon showing Skidoo pipeline corridor and debris flows
A, B,andC 21
9 Map and aerial photograph of Skidoo townsite showing the locations of study
sites 25
10-14 Photographs of:
10 Skidoo townsite in 1907, 1960, and 1983, viewed toward the southeast 26
11 Skidoo townsite in 1916 and 1983, viewed toward the northwest 28
12 Skidoo pipeline west of Birch Spring, June 1981 29
13 Skidoo pipeline corridor at Nemo Crest in 1938 during salvage opera
tions, and in June 1981 30
14 Skidoo pipeline corridor across Wildrose Canyon 31
15 Graph of penetration resistance vs depth curves for soils at Skidoo town-
site 31
16 Photographs of cryptogamic crusts at Skidoo townsite 32
17 Aerial photograph of Gold Valley showing location of study sites 35
18 Photographs of terrace sequence A in Gold Valley 38
19 Cross sections of terrace sequences A and B in Gold Valley 40
20 Photographs of Gold Valley townsite and terrace sequence C 40
21 Cross section of terrace sequence C and Gold Valley townsite 42
22 Graph of penetration resistance vs depth curves for soils at Gold Valley
townsite 42
23-26 Photographs of:
23 Greenwater townsite in 1906 and 1981 44
24 Kunze townsite in 1906 and 1983 45
25 Furnace townsite in 1906 and 1983 46
26 Locale of Greenwater Times office at Kunze townsite in 1906 and
27-29 Aerial photographs of:
27 Greenwater townsite 48
28 Kunze townsite 49
29 Furnace townsite 50
30 Histograms showing the volumes of individual Larrea tri den lata in Greenwa
ter and Furnace townsites 51
31 Photograph of the fossil packrat midden collection site near Greenwater
- townsite 54
32 Diagram illustrating the change in concentration of plant macrofossils with
time in middens collected from the vicinity of Greenwater townsite 55
33-36 Ordination graphs based on:
33 Contents of fossil packrat middens using principal-components analysis
and factor analysis (oblique rotation) 56
34 Plant cover at townsites in Larrea-dominated assemblages, showing
principal-components solution and Wisconsin polar-ordination
solution 59
35 Plant density at townsites in Larrea-dominated assemblages, showing
principal-componcnts solution and Wisconsin polar ordination
solution 60
36 Plant cover at sites in the Panamint Range, showing principal-
components solution and Wisconsin polar ordination solution 62
TABLES
1 Application of the life-history classification framework of Grime (1979) to
desert species 73
2 Regression coefficients of dry-weight biomass for Mojave Desert shrubs 74
3 Density and cover of perennial vegetation as field tested in Gold Valley, showing
variability by different operators viewing transects fixed by each operator 74
4 Density and cover of perennial vegetation as field tested in Gold Valley, showing
variability by different operators viewing the same transect 75
5 Comparison of vegetation data from Wahmonie townsite and control areas 75
6 Soil and site descriptions for debris flows in Wood Canyon 76
7 Density and cover of perennial vegetation on four debris flows originating in
granitein eastern Wood Canyon 77
8 Density and cover of perennial vegetation on three debris flows originating in
the Kingston Peak(?) Formation in western Wood Canyon 78
9 Carbonate morphologies of soils on debris flows in Wood Canyon 79
10 Description of soil near the intersection of 4th and Skidoo Streets (fig 9, site
B), Skidoo townsite 79
11 Physical properties of soils in disturbed and undisturbed areas of Skidoo townsite 79
12 Density and cover of perennial vegetation at Skidoo townsite 80
13 Calculated dry-weight biomass of abundant woody perennial s at Skidoo townsite 81
14 Cover of cryptogamic crusts in disturbed and undisturbed areas and estimated
recovery time at Skidoo townsite 81
15 Cover of perennial vegetation along three segments of the Skidoo pipeline
corridor at Harrisburg Flats 81
16 Density and cover of perennial vegetation along the Skidoo pipeline corridor
in Wood Canyon 82
17 Calculated dry-weight biomass for abundant woody perennials along three
segments of the Skidoo pipeline corridor in Wood Canyon S3
18-20 Cover of perennial vegetation along the Skidoo pipeline corridor and control
areas:
18 At Nemo Crest, including a nearby road 84
19 On a sloping segment north of Nemo Crest 85
20 At Wildrose Canyon 85
Contents V
21 Description of soils for terrace sequences A and B in Gold Valley 86
22 Density and cover of perennial vegetation on terrace sequence A in Gold Valley 87
23 Density and cover of perennial vegetation on terrace sequence B in Gold Valley 88
24 Description of soils for terrace sequence C and the Gold Valley townsite 89
25 Density and cover of perennial vegetation on terrace sequence C in Gold Valley 90
26 Physical properties of soils in disturbed and undisturbed areas of Gold Valley
townsite 90
27 Density and cover of perennial vegetation at Gold Valley townsite 91
28 Carbonate morphologies for soils on terrace sequences in Gold Valley 91
29 Description of soils for Greenwater, Furnace, and Kunze townsites and Green
water controls C and D 92
30 Penetration depths of disturbed and undisturbed soils in Greenwater and
Furnace townsites 92
31 Density and cover of perennial vegetation in disturbed sites A and B and
control sites C and D at lower Greenwater townsite 93
32 Density and cover of perennial vegetation in cleared area E and control site F
at upper Greenwater townsite 93
33 Calculated dry-weight biomass for abundant woody perennials and the
perennial grass Stipa in lower Greenwater townsite 94
34 Calculated dry-weight biomass for abundant woody perennials and the
perennial grass Stipa in upper Greenwater townsite 94
35 Density and biomass of perennial vegetation on 16 house pads of varying size
at Greenwater townsite 94
36 Density and cover of perennial vegetation at Furnace and Kunze townsites and
at Furnace control 95
37 Calculated dry-weight biomass for abundant woody perennials and the
perennial grass Stipa at Furnace and Kunze townsites and Furnace control 95
38 Concentration of plant macrofossils found in packrat middens collected near
Greenwater townsite 96
39 Plant assemblages occurring on surfaces differentiated by carbonate
morphology in Death Valley National Monument 97
40 Summary of estimated recovery times for compacted soils at four townsites 97
41 Dominant species occurring on surfaces differentiated by degree of disturbance
for all townsites 98
42 Dominant species occurring on surfaces differentiated by degree of disturbance
along segments of the Skidoo pipeline corridor 98
43-46 Data used for the construction and interpretation of ordination graphs using
^ principal-components analysis (figs 34-36)
43 Hybrid correlation matrix based on cover and density in townsites
containing Larrea tridentata 99
44 Amount of variance explained by the first three axes of the principal-
« components solution for sites in Larrea-dominated assemblages 99
45 Correlation-coefficient matrix based on cover for sites in the Panamint
Range 100
46; Cumulative variance explained by the first three axes of the principal-
^ components solution for sites in the Panamint Mountains 101
47 Perennial vegetation found at all sites 102
Contents VI
|
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| author | Webb, Robert H. Steiger, John W. Newman, Evelyn B. |
| author_facet | Webb, Robert H. Steiger, John W. Newman, Evelyn B. |
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| geographic | Death Valley (DE-588)4011243-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Death Valley |
| id | DE-604.BV001334194 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T07:34:33Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | Undetermined |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-000806663 |
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| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-29 |
| physical | VI, 103 S. Ill., Kt. |
| publishDate | 1988 |
| publishDateSearch | 1988 |
| publishDateSort | 1988 |
| publisher | United States Gov. Print. Off. |
| record_format | marc |
| series | United States Geological Survey: Geological Survey bulletin |
| series2 | United States Geological Survey: Geological Survey bulletin |
| spellingShingle | Webb, Robert H. Steiger, John W. Newman, Evelyn B. The response of vegetation to disturbance in Death Valley National Monument, California United States Geological Survey: Geological Survey bulletin Regeneration (DE-588)4048983-8 gnd Pflanzengesellschaft (DE-588)4045563-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4048983-8 (DE-588)4045563-4 (DE-588)4011243-3 |
| title | The response of vegetation to disturbance in Death Valley National Monument, California |
| title_auth | The response of vegetation to disturbance in Death Valley National Monument, California |
| title_exact_search | The response of vegetation to disturbance in Death Valley National Monument, California |
| title_full | The response of vegetation to disturbance in Death Valley National Monument, California by Robert H. Webb, John W. Steiger, and Evelyn B. Newman |
| title_fullStr | The response of vegetation to disturbance in Death Valley National Monument, California by Robert H. Webb, John W. Steiger, and Evelyn B. Newman |
| title_full_unstemmed | The response of vegetation to disturbance in Death Valley National Monument, California by Robert H. Webb, John W. Steiger, and Evelyn B. Newman |
| title_short | The response of vegetation to disturbance in Death Valley National Monument, California |
| title_sort | the response of vegetation to disturbance in death valley national monument california |
| topic | Regeneration (DE-588)4048983-8 gnd Pflanzengesellschaft (DE-588)4045563-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Regeneration Pflanzengesellschaft Death Valley |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000806663&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV002539394 |
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