The politics of law and order: a history of the Bavarian Einwohnerwehr, 1918 - 1921
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia
American Philos. Soc.
1980
|
| Schriftenreihe: | American Philosophical Society: Transactions of the American Philosophical Society
70,2 |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000610229&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | 87 S. |
| ISBN: | 0871697025 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | THE POLITICS OF LAW AND ORDER:
A HISTORY OF THE BAVARIAN EINWOHNER WEHR, 1918-1921
David Clay Large
CONTENTS
PAGE
Introduction : Bavaria in the Era of Revolution,
1918-1919 ....................................... 5
Рант One; The Eimvohnenvehr Movement in
Bavaria ......................................
I. The Organizational Development of the Ein-
wohnerwehr: State or Private Control? .... 16
II. The Political Evolution of the Bavarian Ein-
wohnerwehr................................ 31
Part Two; The Bavarian Eimvohnenvehr in Na-
tional and International Policy................. 45
III. The Orgesch and the Orka................. 45
A. The Orgesch in Germany ................ 45
B. The Orka in Austria ................... 53
IV. The Allied Response: Eimvohnenvehr Dis-
solution and the Crisis in Bavarian-Reich
Relations ................................ 66
Conclusion .......................................... 76
Bibliography ........................................ 79
Index ............................................... 85
INTRODUCTION
BAVARIA IN THE ERA OF REVOLUTION,
1918-1919
The evolution of the Bavarian Einwohnerwehr in
the years after the First World War cannot be under-
stood without reference to the broader pattern of Ba-
varian historical development in the early twentieth
century. Three interrelated features of the Bavarian
scene were especially significant.
First, the Bavarian society which absorbed the
shocks of the first “total” war and its revolutionary
aftermath was one of the most traditional in Germany.
Thus the clash between inherited traditions and the
demands of modernization was especially jarring,
resulting in a severe sense of alienation and disorienta-
tion. Second, this period was marked by a virulent
outbreak of Bavarian particularism and prussophobia,
which seemed at the time to threaten the unity of the
Reich. Third, the nature and intensity of the Ba-
varian revolutionary experience in 1918-1919 were
unique in Germany: the revolution there was the first
to achieve political success (in the overthrow of the
Wittelsbach monarchy) and the last to be put down.
In the interval it reached levels of chaotic upheaval and
assumed features which did much to determine the
nature of the counterrevolutionary sentiment among
Bavaria’s conservative middle classes long after the
revolution was successfully repressed.
1. BAVARIAN SOCIETY AND THE PROBLEM
OF PRUSSOPHOBIA
When the German Reich went to war in 1914, Ba-
varia, the country’s second largest state, was still over-
whelmingly agrarian. Among the seven million in-
habitants in the seven administrative districts of the
right side of the Rhine, a full four million still lived
in rural villages of under two thousand people, while
another million inhabited small towns with populations
up to twenty thousand.1 At the end of the war there
were still only three cities that could reasonably be
classified as large: Munich with 631,000 inhabitants
was almost twice as large as Nuremberg and four times
the size of Augsburg.2 Due to the heavy emphasis on
agriculture, as well as a lack of raw materials and
unfavorable geographical conditions, Bavaria had
almost no heavy industry by the beginning of the
First World War. 3 In comparison with the rest of
Germany, the number of plants employing more than
ten men was tiny. Thus Bavaria had been able to
avoid the accumulation of a large contingent of prole-
tarianized factory workers and had been consequently
spared the extensive social upheaval characteristic of
rapidly industrializing societies.4 *
Given this relative lack of industrialization, it is
understandable that Bavaria’s social structure would
be dominated by the “preindustrial” occupational
groups. At the outbreak of the First World War
over two-thirds of the population belonged to the so-
called Mittelstand.6 Although the depression of the
1890’s spurred an embryonic radicalization in certain
segments of this traditionally conservative and almost
apolitical Mittelstand, it was not until the First World
War that we find the development of a pervasive
protest sentiment among the representatives of this
1 Hans Fenske, Konservativismus und Rechtsradikalismus in
Bayern nach 1918 (Bad Homburg, 1968), p. 35.
2 Ibid.
3 Wolfgang Zorn, Kleine Wirtschafts՜ und Sozialgeschichte
Bayerns 1806-1933 (Munich-Pasing, 1962), pp. 45-48.
4 Werner Gabriel Zimmermann, Bayern und das Reich 1918-
1923 (Munich, 1953), pp. 74-75.
ß Fenske, p. 37.
5
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| geographic | Deutschland Bavaria (Germany) History 1918-1945 Bayern (DE-588)4005044-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Deutschland Bavaria (Germany) History 1918-1945 Bayern |
| id | DE-604.BV001009180 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T07:29:54Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0871697025 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-000610229 |
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| physical | 87 S. |
| publishDate | 1980 |
| publishDateSearch | 1980 |
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| publisher | American Philos. Soc. |
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| series | American Philosophical Society: Transactions of the American Philosophical Society |
| series2 | American Philosophical Society: Transactions of the American Philosophical Society |
| spellingShingle | Large, David Clay 1945- The politics of law and order a history of the Bavarian Einwohnerwehr, 1918 - 1921 American Philosophical Society: Transactions of the American Philosophical Society Geschichte Paramilitary forces Germany Bavaria Bürgerwehr (DE-588)4196366-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4196366-0 (DE-588)4005044-0 |
| title | The politics of law and order a history of the Bavarian Einwohnerwehr, 1918 - 1921 |
| title_auth | The politics of law and order a history of the Bavarian Einwohnerwehr, 1918 - 1921 |
| title_exact_search | The politics of law and order a history of the Bavarian Einwohnerwehr, 1918 - 1921 |
| title_full | The politics of law and order a history of the Bavarian Einwohnerwehr, 1918 - 1921 David Clay Large |
| title_fullStr | The politics of law and order a history of the Bavarian Einwohnerwehr, 1918 - 1921 David Clay Large |
| title_full_unstemmed | The politics of law and order a history of the Bavarian Einwohnerwehr, 1918 - 1921 David Clay Large |
| title_short | The politics of law and order |
| title_sort | the politics of law and order a history of the bavarian einwohnerwehr 1918 1921 |
| title_sub | a history of the Bavarian Einwohnerwehr, 1918 - 1921 |
| topic | Geschichte Paramilitary forces Germany Bavaria Bürgerwehr (DE-588)4196366-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Paramilitary forces Germany Bavaria Bürgerwehr Deutschland Bavaria (Germany) History 1918-1945 Bayern |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000610229&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV008012923 |
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