Pyroclastic rocks:
Gespeichert in:
| Beteiligte Personen: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
1984
|
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=000176324&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | XIV, 472 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 3540127569 0387127569 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Fisher, Richard V. |d 1928- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)12116005X |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Pyroclastic rocks |c R. V. Fisher ; H.-U. Schmincke |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin [u.a.] |b Springer |c 1984 | |
| 300 | |a XIV, 472 S. |b Ill., Kt. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Pyroclastites | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Volcanic ash, tuff, etc | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Sedimentation |0 (DE-588)4054080-7 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Magmatisches Gestein |0 (DE-588)4036974-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Pyroklastit |0 (DE-588)4139603-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Magmatisches Gestein |0 (DE-588)4036974-2 |D s |
| 689 | 1 | 1 | |a Sedimentation |0 (DE-588)4054080-7 |D s |
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| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-000176324 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| DE-BY-TUM_call_number | 0001 78.2002 A 2292 |
|---|---|
| DE-BY-TUM_katkey | 63110 |
| DE-BY-TUM_location | Mag |
| DE-BY-TUM_media_number | 040005092462 |
| _version_ | 1821931619118743552 |
| adam_text |
Contents
Chapter 1 Introduction
The Sedimentary Record: Volcanic Contribution. 3
Chemical Composition of Tephra. 6
Types of Pyroclastic Accumulations. 8
Chapter 2 Volcanoes, Volcanic Rocks and Magma Chambers
Tectonic Setting of Volcanoes. 11
Divergent Margins. 12
Convergent Margins. 13
Intraplate Volcanoes. 14
Form of Volcanoes. 15
Origin of Magmas and Classification of Volcanic Rocks . . 16
Basaltic Magmas. 17
Basalts.'. 18
Andesite-Suite Magmas. 20
Andésites. 20
Differentiated Magmas. 21
Magma Chambers. 22
Volumes of Magma Chambers. 22
Zonation in Magma Chambers. 23
Large Calcalkalic Systems. 27
Small Highly Alkalic Systems. 30
Oceanic Rhyolite-Basalt Systems. 33
Very Small Mafic-Intermediate Magma Systems . 33
Chapter 3 Magmatic Volatiles and Rheology
Volatiles. 35
Methods of Determining Volatiles. 36
Composition and Amount of Volatiles. 37
Water 38 - Carbon Dioxide 43 - Sulfur 47
Volatile Distribution in Magma Columns. 48
Rheology. 51
Viscosity. 52
Vesiculation. 55
IX
Chapter 4 Explosive Volcanic Eruptions
Types of Volcanic Activity. 59
Types of Eruptions. 60
Pyroclastic Eruptive Systems. 61
Eruption Columns. 61
Plinian Eruptions and Eruption Columns. 63
Hawaiian and Strombolian Eruptions. 69
Observations 69 Eruptive Mechanisms 69
Hydroclastic Eruptive Processes. 74
Formation of Glassy Pyroclasts. 75
Granulation. 77
Inhibition of Vesiculation. 77
Transfer of Heat. 78
Steam Eruptions. 78
Magma-Water Mixing and Fuel-Coolant Interaction . . 80
Phreatic and Phreatomagmatic (Vulcanian) Eruptions . 82
Volcanic Energy. 85
Chapter 5 Pyroclastic Fragments and Deposits
General Components. 89
Vitric Particles and Pyrogenic Crystals. 96
Glass Shards. 96
Shards Formed by Vesiculation. 96
Pumice. 103
Pyrogenic Minerals. 103
Surface Textures of Minerals and Shards. 105
Structure. 107
Pyroclastic Bed or Stratum. 107
Graded Bedding. 109
Cross Bedding. 110
Massive Beds. 114
Alignment and Orientation Bedding. 114
Penecontemporaneous Deformation Structures. 115
Texture. 116
Grain Size and Size Distribution. 116
Distribution Curves. 118
Shape and Roundness. 122
Fabric. 123
Chapter 6 Subaerial Fallout Tephra
Components of Subaerial Fallout. 128
Areal Distribution. 132
Distribution and Thickness. 132
Volume. 139
X
Structures. 141
Bedding. 141
Mantle Bedding. 144
Graded Bedding. 148
Fabric. 148
Size Parameters. 150
Maximum Size of Components. 150
Median Diameter. 151
Grain-Size Distribution (Sorting). 153
Eolian Fractionation. 156
Chapter 7 Submarine Fallout Tephra from Subaerial Eruptions
Chemical Composition. 163
Structures of Submarine and Lacustrine Ash Layers . . . . 166
Areal Thickness Distribution and Volume. 168
Grain Size and Sorting. 173
Regional Distribution and Tephrochronology. 176
Source. 176
Correlation and Age. 177
Pacific Region. 179
Atlantic Region. 182
Chapter 8 Pyroclastic Flow Deposits
Historic Development of Concepts. 187
The Deposits. 192
Volume. 192
Relationship to Topography. 193
Flow Units and Cooling Units. 195
Components. 197
Primary Structures in Unwelded Deposits. 198
Internal Layering 198 - Gas-Escape Structures 200
Emplacement Faciès. 203
Texture. 206
Pyroclastic Flow Deposits 207 - Pyroclastic Surge
Deposits 208 - Segregation of Crystals and Lithics 208
Chemical Composition. 209
Temperature Effects. 210
Measured Temperatures 210 - Inferred Temperatures
211 - Welding and Compaction 213 - Structures
Related to Temperature and Viscosity 215
Thermoremanent Magnetism. 218
Classification and Nomenclature.218
XI
The Flows.222
Origin.222
Transport and Mobility.225
Tufolavas, Froth Flows, Foam Lavas and Globule Flows 227
Ignimbrite Vents: Speculation.230
Chapter 9 Deposits of Hydroclastic Eruptions
Definition of Terms.231
Components of Hydroclastic Deposits.234
Grain Size Distribution.234
Characteristics of Essential Components.235
Accretionary Lapilli.238
Accidental Clasts.239
Maximum Size of Fragments Related to Energetics 239
Ultramafic Xenoliths 241
Structures.242
Penecontemporaneous Soft Sediment Deformation . . . 242
Vesicles (Gas Bubbles).242
Bedding Sags.245
Mudcracks.246
Base Surge Deposits.247
Bed Forms from Base Surges.249
Sandwave Beds 250 - Plane-Parallel Beds 254 -
Massive Beds 254
Bed Form Faciès.254
U-Shaped Channels.256
Maar Volcanoes. 257
Classification. 257
Origin. 258
Dimensions. 260
Areal Extent and Geometry 260 - Volume 261
Chemical Composition. 262
Littoral Cones.263
Deposits.263
Origin.264
Peperites.264
Chapter 10 Submarine Volcaniclastic Rocks
Deep Water Stage.265
Pillow Breccias.267
Fine-grained Hyaloclastites.270
Shoaling Submarine Volcano.274
Transition Submarine - Subaerial.275
Volcaniclastic Aprons.276
XII
Silicic Submarine Eruptions. 279
Subaqueous Pyroclastic Flows. 281
Terminology. 285
Nonwelded Deposits. 285
Environment of Deposition. 285
Components. 285
Grain Size, Sorting and Fabric. 287
Bedding and Grading. 287
The Massive Lower Division 289 - Upper Division 290
Relationship to Eruptions and Eruptive Centers . 292
Welded Deposits. 293
Discussion. 294
Chapter 11 Lahars
Debris Flows as Fluids. 298
Distribution and Thickness. 299
Surface of Lahars. 301
Basal Contact of Lahars. 302
Components of Lahars. 303
Grain-Size Distribution. 303
Vesicles. 306
Grading. 307
Fabric. 308
Comparison of Lahars with Other Kinds of Coarse-Grained
Deposits. 309
Origin. 309
Chapter 12 Alteration of Volcanic Glass
Diagenesis. 312
Alteration of Basaltic Glass. 314
Palagonite. 314
Physical Properties 315 - Textural Changes 315 -
Mineralogical Changes 317 - Zeolites 318 —
Chemical Changes 320
Process of Palagonite Formation. 323
Rate of Palagonitization. 326
Alteration of Silicic Glass. 327
Hydration and Ion Exchange. 327
Advanced Stages of Alteration. 329
Saline Alkaline Lake Environment. 330
Marine Environment. 333
Bentonites and Tonsteins. 336
Burial Diagenesis and Metamorphism. 340
XIII
Chapter 13 Stratigraphie Problems of Pyroclastic Rocks
Relation of Volcanic Activity to Rock Stratigraphy . 347
Volcanic Activity Units.347
Eruption Unit.349
Stratigraphie Problems in Young Volcanic Terranes . .350
Stratigraphie Nomenclature in Older Volcanic Terranes. 350
Tephrochronology.352
Volcanic Faciès.356
Facies Based upon Position Relative to Source . 356
Near-Source Facies 358 - Intermediate-Source Facies
359 - Distant-Source Facies 359 - Caldera Facies 359
Facies Based upon Environment of Deposition . . . .361
Facies Based upon Primary Composition.361
Compositional Facies 362 Petrofacies 365
Diagenetic Rock Facies 365
Stratigraphie Examples. 367
Oshima Volcano, Japan. 368
San Juan Volcanic Field, USA. 371
Archean Greenstone-Belt Volcanoes, Canada. 378
Chapter 14 Pyroclastic Rocks and Tectonic Environment
Convergent Margins, Magmatic Arcs, and Sedimentation . 383
The Trench.386
Fore-Arc and Back-Arc Basins.391
The Cordilleran System.392
Western North America: Paleozoic Rocks 392 -
Southern South America: Upper Mesozoic Flysch 396 -
Cenozoic Tectonism and Volcanism: Western North
America 398
Oceanic Island Arc Settings.400
Volcaniclastic Rocks and Facies; Cenozoic 400 -
Lau Basin and Tonga Arc 405 - Lesser Antilles Arc 405
The Pre-Cambrian.408
References.410
Subject Index.449
Locality Index.465
XIV |
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| author | Fisher, Richard V. 1928- Schmincke, Hans-Ulrich 1937-2024 |
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| dewey-tens | 550 - Earth sciences |
| discipline | Geologie / Paläontologie Geographie |
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| id | DE-604.BV000289850 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-11T13:39:00Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3540127569 0387127569 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-000176324 |
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| spellingShingle | Fisher, Richard V. 1928- Schmincke, Hans-Ulrich 1937-2024 Pyroclastic rocks Pyroclastites Volcanic ash, tuff, etc Sedimentation (DE-588)4054080-7 gnd Magmatisches Gestein (DE-588)4036974-2 gnd Pyroklastit (DE-588)4139603-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4054080-7 (DE-588)4036974-2 (DE-588)4139603-0 |
| title | Pyroclastic rocks |
| title_auth | Pyroclastic rocks |
| title_exact_search | Pyroclastic rocks |
| title_full | Pyroclastic rocks R. V. Fisher ; H.-U. Schmincke |
| title_fullStr | Pyroclastic rocks R. V. Fisher ; H.-U. Schmincke |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pyroclastic rocks R. V. Fisher ; H.-U. Schmincke |
| title_short | Pyroclastic rocks |
| title_sort | pyroclastic rocks |
| topic | Pyroclastites Volcanic ash, tuff, etc Sedimentation (DE-588)4054080-7 gnd Magmatisches Gestein (DE-588)4036974-2 gnd Pyroklastit (DE-588)4139603-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Pyroclastites Volcanic ash, tuff, etc Sedimentation Magmatisches Gestein Pyroklastit |
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