Backstage democracy: the dynamics of business-politics nexus in Lithuania
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Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Concepts 7 3 Context and Methodology 25 4 Practices in Practice 37 5 Drivers of Continuity 109 6 Drivers of Change 139 7 Evaluating Exclusive Situationalism and Its Broader Horizons 8 Conclusions Exhibit A: List of Interviewees 163 181 185 Exhibit B: MPs and Their Private (Business) Interests as Declared to Chief Official Ethics Commission for 2003 189 Index 193 xiii
Index A Access money, 168 Achema Grupè, 112 Adam, Isabelle, 143 Adamkus, Valdas, 142, 169 Agh, Attila, viii Agrokoncernas Groups 63 Alekna, Virgilijus, 50 Aliyev, Huseyn, 2, 11, 12, 34 Altman, David, 133 Alytaus silumos tinklai, 119 Alytus municipality, 136 Ambrasaitè, Monika, 134 Amin, Mohammad, 160 Ang, Yuen Yuen, 168 Aristotle, 43 Austrevicius, Petras, 131, 132 Autokausta, 61 Axioma metering, 119 Axioma servisas, 119 Axis technologies, 119 В Bachrach, Peter, 21 Bajomi-Lâzâr, Péter, 92 Balkans, 26 Balmaceda, Margarita Μ., 110 Balsas.It leidiniai, 100, 103 Baltic states, 1, 10, 19, 28, 33, 65, 107, 149, 156, 161 Baltrunaite, Audinga, 77, 168 Bandiera, Oriana, 17 Bânkuti, Miklos, viii Baratz, Morton S., 21 Barnett, Michael, 146 Barstys, Tautvydas, 124 Beblavy, Miroslav, 2 Belarus, 30, 149 Besley, Timothy, 92 Best, Michael Carlos, 17 Bicchieri, Cristina, 11 Big bang perspective on change, 163, 164 Bionovus (later renamed to FirstOpportunity), 118 Blat, 23 Bojicic-Dzelilovic, Vesna, 10, 33 Bojkov, Victor D., 10, 33 © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023 A. Lasas, Backstage Democracy, Political Corruption and Governance, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-03L25531-l 193
194 INDEX Borisovas, Jurijus, 142 Bosas, Antanas, 107, 108, 181 Bourdieu, Pierre, 2 Bradauskas, Bronius, 139, 181 Budrys, Dainius, 82 Bulgaria, 10, 26, 33 Business associations, 11, 38-40, 45, 46, 48, 51, 78, 79 С Carothers, Thomas, 8, 9 Causal nature of power, 21 Center for freedom studies, 63 Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), 2, 3, 8, 9, 23, 29-33, 35, 91, 148, 149, 162 Central Bank of Lithuania, 126 Central Electoral Commission of the Republic of Lithuania Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, 111 Chief Official Ethics Commission, 51, 137 Christiansen, Thomas, 12 Cialdini, Robert B., 164 City Service, 118 Collective action theory, 163 Colombia, 3 Colonization of media, 92 Competition Council of Lithuania, 118 Conley, Heather A., 27 Constitutional Court of Lithuania, 51, 52, 153 Corruption Perception index (CPI), 31, 160 Council of Europe, 148, 150 COVID 19, 80, 170, 175 Crampton, R.J., 26 Cuervo-Cazurra, Alvaro, 160 Culpepper, Pepper D., 4 Culture of informality/informality, 8, 11-13, 33, 34, 163 Czech Republic, 10, 33, 149 D Dahl, Robert A., 3, 21 Dalkia (later renamed Veolia), 115 Dalton, Russell J., 91 Damauskas, Zydrunas, 110 Danpower Baltic, 40 Dauksys, Kçstutis, 73 Davidonyté, Biruté, 72 Delfi.lt, 103 della Porta, Donatella, 15, 33, 34 Democratic practices, 174 Denmark, 29, 30 Department for the Control of Narcotics, Alcohol and Tobacco, 59 Diamond, Larry, 2, 9, 13, 133 Diena Media News, 93 DiMaggio, Paul J., 30 Diskiene, Danuta, 121 Domingo, Pilar, 9 Drèma, Vilmantas, 116 Dujotekana, 107-110, 115 Durân, Jorge, 27 Duvall, Raymond, 146 E Economist’s Democracy Index, 32
Edvardsson, Ingi Runar, 121 Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania Party, 108 Estonia, 26, 27, 29-32, 118 Euroatlantic membership, 161 European Bank for Development and Reconstruction (EBRD), 147 European Central Bank, 145 European Investment Bank (EIB), 146, 147 Europeanization, 1
INDEX European Union, 2, 12, 26, 40, 42, 54, 151, 169 European values survey (EVS), 29 Exclusive situationalism, 3-5, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 43, 75, 76, 104, 106, 128, 131, 139, 142, 154-159, 166, 171, 174, 175 Extractive institutions, 13 F Fatherland Union Party, 123 Fazekas, Mihaly, 2, 143 15min.lt, 103 Financial Crime Investigation Service of Lithuania, 97, 151 Finland, 29, 30 Fisher, Julie, 32 Fonas, 119 Funderbruck, Charles, 15, 32 G Gaidys, Vladas, 42, 166 Gazprom, 107, 108 Geonafta, 110 Gerber, Alan S., 52 Goldstein, Noah J., 164 Grazulis, Petras, 89 Greece, 3, 12 Green, Donald P., 52, 63 Grigaravicius, Vytautas, 115 Grinda, 84 Grodeland, Âse Berit, 10 Grybauskaite, Dalia, 142, 150, 153, 166 H Hallin, Daniel C., 92 Halmai, Gabor, viii Heart of Midlothian FC, 123 Heidenheimer, Arnold J., 15, 16 195 Helmke, Gretchen, 13 Hira, Anil, 164 Hirst, Paul, 39 Hofstede, Geert, 65, 121 Hofstede, Gert Jan, 65 Holmes, Stephen, 9, 148, 149 Hopkin, Jonathan, 131 Huettinger, Maik, 121 Hungary, 9, 32, 33, 149, 175 Huntington, Samuel, 175 I ICOR (previously Rubikon), 40, 115 Igiebor, God’stime Osariyekemwen, 166 Ignalina municipality, 56, 57 Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant, 111, 114 Inclusive institutions, 13 Inclusive situationalism, 17 incrementalist perspective on change India, 3 Informal network, 10, 11 Infostatyba, 143, 144 Interneto zinios, 100 Ireland, 29 Italy, 3, 11, 128 Itéra- Lietuva, 107, 181 J Jackson, Patrick Thaddeus, 9 Jancsics, David, 34 Jangila, 107 Jankauskaité, Vaida, 35, 167 Janukonis, Andrius, 40, 116 Jastramskis, Deimantas, 95 Jastramskis Mazvydas, 128 Jervis,
Robert, 22 Jetter, Michael, 164 Jiang, Ting, 11 Johnston, Michael, 15, 16
196 INDEX Jonas Mekas Visual Arts Center (JMVAC), 67 Juozaitis, Rymantas, 114 К Kaliningrad region, 149 Kaminskas, Antanas Zenonas, 82 Kaptein, Muel, 159 Karbauskis, Ramünas, 50, 63 Kaufmann, Daniel, 13 Kaunas FC, 28, 48, 61, 64, 70, 71, 123, 124 Kaunas municipality, 61, 70 Клипа diena daily, 123-125 Kavaliauskas, Vilius, 68 Kedainiy krasto televizija, 99 Keime municipality, 58, 59 Khan, Adnan Qadir, 17 King, Lawrence Peter, 2 Klaipeda daily, 71, 108 Klaipeda LNG terminal, 112, 156 Kleine, Mareike, 12 Klitgaard, Robert, 167 Kohler, Jillian Komskis, Kçstas, 64 Kostadinova, Tatiana, 131 Koutkova, Karla, 12 Kovacs, Borbâla, 34 Krastev, Ivan, 9, 148, 149 Kretinga municipality, 58 Krupavicius, Algis, 64 Kubilius, Andrius, 103, 141 Kucinskas, Kristijonas, 67 Kulikauskis, Arnoldas, 82 Kuodis, Raimondas, 126 Kurer, Oskar, 15, 16 Law firms, 34, 38-41, 45, 51, 52, 86, 153 Leak, Tan Ah, 166 Ledeneva, Alena V., 1, 2, 10, 43, 175 Leo LT, 113, 114, 170 Levitsky, Steven, 13 Levitt, Barry, 131 Liberal and Centre Union party, 75, 108 Liberals’ Movement, 50 Lietuvos Energija, Ill, 113, 114 Lietuvos rytas, 34, 68, 69, 84, 89, 93, 95-97, 100, 102, 103, 167 Lijphart, Arend, 128 Limited access social order, 18 Lindblom, Charles E., 3, 4 Lindemans, Jan Willem, 11 Linz, Juan J., 3 Litesko, 119 Lithuanian Banking Association, 79 Lithuanian Business Confederation (LBC), 79 Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union, 50, 132 Lithuanian National Radio and Television (LRT), 141 Lithuanian railways, 69, 70, 81, 82, 84, 140 Lithuanian Special Investigative Service (SIS), 30, 38, 56, 57, 76, 77, 81, 83-85, 88,
89, 151, 152, 171 Litorina, 77 Littrell, Romie F., 121 Lubys, Bronislovas, 156 Μ L Labour party, 53, 68, 72-75, 88, 99-102, 107, 108, 131, 166, 167 Latvia, 26, 27, 30, 32, 33 Mackey, Tim K., 160 Maintenance of Cemeteries, 70 Mair, Peter, 91, 128 Mancini, Paolo, 92
INDEX Marcinskas, Albinas, 121 Marijampole municipality, 56 Markauskas, Bronius, 138 Marsh, David, 3, 4 Masiulis, Eligijus, 63 Masiulis, Rokas, 79, 140 Mass media, 34, 35, 39, 42, 44, 62, 79, 88, 90, 91, 95, 98, 108, 116, 139, 152, 158, 165 Mazzoleni, Gianpietro, 91 Media capture, 92 Media instrumentalization, 92 Meilutyté, Rüta, 48 Meta motivation, 4, 163 Mezrich, Ben, 2 MG Baltic scandal, 35, 38, 63, 72, 167 Milenas, Vytautas, 83, 84 Miles’s Law, 157 Miller, Alexey, 107 Miltienis, Valentinas, 83 Mina, James, 27 Minelgaite Snaebjornsson, 121 Ministry of Culture of Lithuania, 129 Ministry of Economic Affairs of Lithuania, 73 Ministry of Education, Science and Sports of Lithuania, 46, 129 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 129, 158 Ministry of Health of Lithuania, 129 Ministry of Justice of Lithuania, 129, 158 Ministry of the Agriculture of Lithuania, 129 Ministry of the Environment of Lithuania, 129 Ministry of Transportation and Communications of Lithuania, 60, 129, 158 Minkov, Michael, 65 Miskinis, Algirdas, 134 197 Mockaitis, Audra L, 121 Moldova, 169 Montenegro, 26 Morlino, Leonardo, 133 Muravjovas, Sergejus, 62 N Narkevic, Jaroslav, 140 National Audit Office of Lithuania, 151 National Commission for Energy Control and Prices, 110, 118 National Gaming Control Authority of Lithuania, 28 National Paying Agency, 138 Navickas, Vilius, 122 NDX Energy, 114 Neopatrimonial regimes, 107 Nexon, Daniel H., 9 Norkus, Darius, 83 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 8, 54/149, 150, 161, 164, 169 North, Douglass C., 13, 16, 17 О O’Donnell, Giullermo, 2, 4, 9, 13, 16 Open
access social order, 18, 23 Oÿtimali investicija, 61 Order and Justice Party, 64, 131, 162 Orechovas, Vladimiras, 108 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 150 Orlen Lietuva, 71, 72 P Pagégiai municipality, 64 Pakruojis municipality, 58, 84
198 INDEX Paksas, Rolandas, 89, 123, 142, 152, 162 Palanga municipality, 58 Paleckis, Algirdas, 47 Paliukas, Raimundas, 108 Pancerovas, Dovydas, 72 Paolucci, Caterina, 131 Papamichail, Theodora, 12 Parliament of the Republic of Lithuania Parmeter, Christopher F., 164 Particularism, 2, 13 Pasvalio vandenys, 85 Pasvalys municipality, 57 Patrimonialism, 13 Paulauskas, Artüras, 54, 74, 108 Pedersen, Mogens N., 128 People’s Party of Lithuania, 125 Pérez-Linân, Anibal, 133 Peric, Ana, 12 Petkeviciené, Jolanta, 137 PHARE assistance instrument, 146 Philp, Mark, 13, 15, 16 Piattoni, Simona, 12 Piscopo, Jennifer Μ., 12 PKN Orlen, 71 Plunges zinins, 92 Poguntke, Thomas, 91 Poland, 19, 27, 30, 32, 33, 149 Polese, Abel, 34 Political corruption, 15, 16, 32, 34, 166 Political culture, 29, 33, 91, 121, 170, 175 Politics-business nexus/state-business relations, 2, 4, 5, 9, 13, 14, 17, 20, 34, 36-38, 42, 44, 72, 135, 143, 146, 169 Polyarchy, 3 Ponomariovas, Valerijus, 81, 82 Posner, Alan R., 128 Powell, Walter W, 30 PR agencies, 34, 38, 39, 41, 42, 48, 100 Prat, Andrea, 17, 92 Principal-agent theory, 163 Principal-agent problem, 44 Prunskiene, Kazimiera, 137, 169, 170 Przeworski, Adam, 18, 19 Public Procurement Office of Lithuania (PPO), 78, 136, 151, 152 Pujas, Véronique, 128, 140 Q Quah, Jon S.T., 167 Quanxi, 23 R Radzevicius, Dainius, 42, 96 Rail Raltica Statyba, 82 Ranga IV, 67 Raseiniai municipality, 57, 76 Red-Black collusion, 28 Respublika, 93, 95, 97, 99, 100, 103 Rhodes, Martin, 128, 140 Rinkos aiksté, 99 RNI Property, 114 Romania, 10, 26, 34 Romanovas, Vladimiras, 92, 123-125
Rothstein, Bo, 13, 16, 160, 164 Rule of law, 3, 8, 9, 13, 14, 44, 161 Rupnik, Jacques, viii Ruskulis, Romas, 101, 108 Russia, 2, 27, 30, 73, 107, 109, 123, 149, 161, 169 Russian speakers/Russian-speaking population, 26 Ryty skirstomieji tinklai (RST), 111, 113, 182 S Salcininkai municipality, 57
INDEX SAPARD assistance instrument, 148 Sartori, Giovani, 128 Saurugger, Sabine, 40 Savickas, Valdas, 83 Scandinavian countries, 27, 29 Scheppele, Kim Lane, viii Schulz, Winfried, 91 Scott, Peter Μ., 164 Serbia, 26 Shah, Anwar, 160 Shannon, Vaughn, 31, 32 Shapovalova, Natalia, 12 Sicâkovâ-Beblavâ, Emilia, 2 Siliauskas, Vilius, 61 dilutes ajyrochemija, 77 Simanauskiené, Joana, 125 Simasius, Remigijus, 171 Sirvinskas-Gailius, Marijus, 102 Skucas, Sarünas, 123 Skvernelis, Saulius, 50, 71 Slovakia, 2, 30 Snoras Bank, 96 Snowden, Edward, 88 Social Democratic party of Lithuania, 131 Sodeika, Gintaras, 67 Soh, Yew Chong, 160 Soviet Union, 120, 149 Spindulys, 61, 62 Stankevicienè, Asta, 121 Staskevicius, Ignas, 55 State Security Department of Lithuania, 47, 108 Steen, Jennifer A., 15 Stefanov, Ruslan, 27 Stella Vitae, 107, 181 Stephenson, Matthew, 161 Steponavicius, Gintaras, 63 Stonys, Rimandas, 107, 108, ПО Strömbäck, Jesper, 91 Sutkus, Valdas, 79 Svieskime vaikus, 63 199 Sweden, 29, 30 Swedish Bonnier Group, 93 T Tankebe, Justice, 160 Tapsh, 23 Taraskevicius, Rimantas, 108 Taurage municipality, 53 Telsiai municipality, 58 Teorrell, Jan, 16 Tomkus, Vitas, 98 Trakai municipality, 75 Transition/transitology, 3, 8, 21, 28, 33, 36, 104, 106," 122, 134, 156, 174 Transparency International (TI), 31, 62, 94, 138, 150, 151 U Ukio bankas, 123 Ukraine, 33, 169 Uleviciüté, Giedre, 134 Universalism, 13, 16 US Embassy in Lithuania, 68, 95 US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 152 Uspaskich, Viktor, 53, 74, 99-101, 107, 108, 110, 166, 183 V Vainauskas, Gedvydas, 68, 69, 89, 96 Vakaro
Zinios, 93, 97 Vakanz skirstomieji tinklai (VST), 111-114 Valatka, Rimvydas, 34 Valentinavicius, Virgis, 141 Valstieciu laikrastis, 100 Valvonis, Vytautas, 97 van Biezen, Ingrid, 91 Vannucci, Alberto, 15
200 INDEX Varéna municipality, 56 Vasiliauskas, Vitas, 97 Veidas, 103 Verseckas, Saulius, 88 Verslo zinios, 93, 111 Vian, Taryn Vikonda, 99, 107 Vilniaus diena daily, 124 Vilniaus Energija, 118 Vilniaus silumos tinklai Vilniaus vandenys, 82, 83 Vilnius municipality, 67 Virtuous circle, 162, 163, 169 Vladimirov, Martin, 27 Vojeika, Piotras, 108 Vojeika, Tatjana, 108 Vonzutaite, Vitalija, 101, 102 VP Market, 55, 61, 62, 111-113, 115, 156, 157 f I W Walker, James T., 164 Wallis, John Joseph, 17 Wang, Peng, 28, 29 Webb, Steven B., 17 Weingast, Barry R., 17 Westernization, 9, 10, 170, 174 Wikileaks, 68 Winters, Jeffrey A., 3, 15 Y YES (Homeland Revival and Perspective) party', 131 Z Zalgiris basketball club, 70, 125 Zielonka, Jan, 11 Zuokas, Arturas, 67, 98, 116 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München
Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Concepts 7 3 Context and Methodology 25 4 Practices in Practice 37 5 Drivers of Continuity 109 6 Drivers of Change 139 7 Evaluating Exclusive Situationalism and Its Broader Horizons 8 Conclusions Exhibit A: List of Interviewees 163 181 185 Exhibit B: MPs and Their Private (Business) Interests as Declared to Chief Official Ethics Commission for 2003 189 Index 193 xiii
Index A Access money, 168 Achema Grupè, 112 Adam, Isabelle, 143 Adamkus, Valdas, 142, 169 Agh, Attila, viii Agrokoncernas Groups 63 Alekna, Virgilijus, 50 Aliyev, Huseyn, 2, 11, 12, 34 Altman, David, 133 Alytaus silumos tinklai, 119 Alytus municipality, 136 Ambrasaitè, Monika, 134 Amin, Mohammad, 160 Ang, Yuen Yuen, 168 Aristotle, 43 Austrevicius, Petras, 131, 132 Autokausta, 61 Axioma metering, 119 Axioma servisas, 119 Axis technologies, 119 В Bachrach, Peter, 21 Bajomi-Lâzâr, Péter, 92 Balkans, 26 Balmaceda, Margarita Μ., 110 Balsas.It leidiniai, 100, 103 Baltic states, 1, 10, 19, 28, 33, 65, 107, 149, 156, 161 Baltrunaite, Audinga, 77, 168 Bandiera, Oriana, 17 Bânkuti, Miklos, viii Baratz, Morton S., 21 Barnett, Michael, 146 Barstys, Tautvydas, 124 Beblavy, Miroslav, 2 Belarus, 30, 149 Besley, Timothy, 92 Best, Michael Carlos, 17 Bicchieri, Cristina, 11 Big bang perspective on change, 163, 164 Bionovus (later renamed to FirstOpportunity), 118 Blat, 23 Bojicic-Dzelilovic, Vesna, 10, 33 Bojkov, Victor D., 10, 33 © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023 A. Lasas, Backstage Democracy, Political Corruption and Governance, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-03L25531-l 193
194 INDEX Borisovas, Jurijus, 142 Bosas, Antanas, 107, 108, 181 Bourdieu, Pierre, 2 Bradauskas, Bronius, 139, 181 Budrys, Dainius, 82 Bulgaria, 10, 26, 33 Business associations, 11, 38-40, 45, 46, 48, 51, 78, 79 С Carothers, Thomas, 8, 9 Causal nature of power, 21 Center for freedom studies, 63 Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), 2, 3, 8, 9, 23, 29-33, 35, 91, 148, 149, 162 Central Bank of Lithuania, 126 Central Electoral Commission of the Republic of Lithuania Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, 111 Chief Official Ethics Commission, 51, 137 Christiansen, Thomas, 12 Cialdini, Robert B., 164 City Service, 118 Collective action theory, 163 Colombia, 3 Colonization of media, 92 Competition Council of Lithuania, 118 Conley, Heather A., 27 Constitutional Court of Lithuania, 51, 52, 153 Corruption Perception index (CPI), 31, 160 Council of Europe, 148, 150 COVID 19, 80, 170, 175 Crampton, R.J., 26 Cuervo-Cazurra, Alvaro, 160 Culpepper, Pepper D., 4 Culture of informality/informality, 8, 11-13, 33, 34, 163 Czech Republic, 10, 33, 149 D Dahl, Robert A., 3, 21 Dalkia (later renamed Veolia), 115 Dalton, Russell J., 91 Damauskas, Zydrunas, 110 Danpower Baltic, 40 Dauksys, Kçstutis, 73 Davidonyté, Biruté, 72 Delfi.lt, 103 della Porta, Donatella, 15, 33, 34 Democratic practices, 174 Denmark, 29, 30 Department for the Control of Narcotics, Alcohol and Tobacco, 59 Diamond, Larry, 2, 9, 13, 133 Diena Media News, 93 DiMaggio, Paul J., 30 Diskiene, Danuta, 121 Domingo, Pilar, 9 Drèma, Vilmantas, 116 Dujotekana, 107-110, 115 Durân, Jorge, 27 Duvall, Raymond, 146 E Economist’s Democracy Index, 32
Edvardsson, Ingi Runar, 121 Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania Party, 108 Estonia, 26, 27, 29-32, 118 Euroatlantic membership, 161 European Bank for Development and Reconstruction (EBRD), 147 European Central Bank, 145 European Investment Bank (EIB), 146, 147 Europeanization, 1
INDEX European Union, 2, 12, 26, 40, 42, 54, 151, 169 European values survey (EVS), 29 Exclusive situationalism, 3-5, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 23, 24, 43, 75, 76, 104, 106, 128, 131, 139, 142, 154-159, 166, 171, 174, 175 Extractive institutions, 13 F Fatherland Union Party, 123 Fazekas, Mihaly, 2, 143 15min.lt, 103 Financial Crime Investigation Service of Lithuania, 97, 151 Finland, 29, 30 Fisher, Julie, 32 Fonas, 119 Funderbruck, Charles, 15, 32 G Gaidys, Vladas, 42, 166 Gazprom, 107, 108 Geonafta, 110 Gerber, Alan S., 52 Goldstein, Noah J., 164 Grazulis, Petras, 89 Greece, 3, 12 Green, Donald P., 52, 63 Grigaravicius, Vytautas, 115 Grinda, 84 Grodeland, Âse Berit, 10 Grybauskaite, Dalia, 142, 150, 153, 166 H Hallin, Daniel C., 92 Halmai, Gabor, viii Heart of Midlothian FC, 123 Heidenheimer, Arnold J., 15, 16 195 Helmke, Gretchen, 13 Hira, Anil, 164 Hirst, Paul, 39 Hofstede, Geert, 65, 121 Hofstede, Gert Jan, 65 Holmes, Stephen, 9, 148, 149 Hopkin, Jonathan, 131 Huettinger, Maik, 121 Hungary, 9, 32, 33, 149, 175 Huntington, Samuel, 175 I ICOR (previously Rubikon), 40, 115 Igiebor, God’stime Osariyekemwen, 166 Ignalina municipality, 56, 57 Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant, 111, 114 Inclusive institutions, 13 Inclusive situationalism, 17 incrementalist perspective on change India, 3 Informal network, 10, 11 Infostatyba, 143, 144 Interneto zinios, 100 Ireland, 29 Italy, 3, 11, 128 Itéra- Lietuva, 107, 181 J Jackson, Patrick Thaddeus, 9 Jancsics, David, 34 Jangila, 107 Jankauskaité, Vaida, 35, 167 Janukonis, Andrius, 40, 116 Jastramskis, Deimantas, 95 Jastramskis Mazvydas, 128 Jervis,
Robert, 22 Jetter, Michael, 164 Jiang, Ting, 11 Johnston, Michael, 15, 16
196 INDEX Jonas Mekas Visual Arts Center (JMVAC), 67 Juozaitis, Rymantas, 114 К Kaliningrad region, 149 Kaminskas, Antanas Zenonas, 82 Kaptein, Muel, 159 Karbauskis, Ramünas, 50, 63 Kaufmann, Daniel, 13 Kaunas FC, 28, 48, 61, 64, 70, 71, 123, 124 Kaunas municipality, 61, 70 Клипа diena daily, 123-125 Kavaliauskas, Vilius, 68 Kedainiy krasto televizija, 99 Keime municipality, 58, 59 Khan, Adnan Qadir, 17 King, Lawrence Peter, 2 Klaipeda daily, 71, 108 Klaipeda LNG terminal, 112, 156 Kleine, Mareike, 12 Klitgaard, Robert, 167 Kohler, Jillian Komskis, Kçstas, 64 Kostadinova, Tatiana, 131 Koutkova, Karla, 12 Kovacs, Borbâla, 34 Krastev, Ivan, 9, 148, 149 Kretinga municipality, 58 Krupavicius, Algis, 64 Kubilius, Andrius, 103, 141 Kucinskas, Kristijonas, 67 Kulikauskis, Arnoldas, 82 Kuodis, Raimondas, 126 Kurer, Oskar, 15, 16 Law firms, 34, 38-41, 45, 51, 52, 86, 153 Leak, Tan Ah, 166 Ledeneva, Alena V., 1, 2, 10, 43, 175 Leo LT, 113, 114, 170 Levitsky, Steven, 13 Levitt, Barry, 131 Liberal and Centre Union party, 75, 108 Liberals’ Movement, 50 Lietuvos Energija, Ill, 113, 114 Lietuvos rytas, 34, 68, 69, 84, 89, 93, 95-97, 100, 102, 103, 167 Lijphart, Arend, 128 Limited access social order, 18 Lindblom, Charles E., 3, 4 Lindemans, Jan Willem, 11 Linz, Juan J., 3 Litesko, 119 Lithuanian Banking Association, 79 Lithuanian Business Confederation (LBC), 79 Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union, 50, 132 Lithuanian National Radio and Television (LRT), 141 Lithuanian railways, 69, 70, 81, 82, 84, 140 Lithuanian Special Investigative Service (SIS), 30, 38, 56, 57, 76, 77, 81, 83-85, 88,
89, 151, 152, 171 Litorina, 77 Littrell, Romie F., 121 Lubys, Bronislovas, 156 Μ L Labour party, 53, 68, 72-75, 88, 99-102, 107, 108, 131, 166, 167 Latvia, 26, 27, 30, 32, 33 Mackey, Tim K., 160 Maintenance of Cemeteries, 70 Mair, Peter, 91, 128 Mancini, Paolo, 92
INDEX Marcinskas, Albinas, 121 Marijampole municipality, 56 Markauskas, Bronius, 138 Marsh, David, 3, 4 Masiulis, Eligijus, 63 Masiulis, Rokas, 79, 140 Mass media, 34, 35, 39, 42, 44, 62, 79, 88, 90, 91, 95, 98, 108, 116, 139, 152, 158, 165 Mazzoleni, Gianpietro, 91 Media capture, 92 Media instrumentalization, 92 Meilutyté, Rüta, 48 Meta motivation, 4, 163 Mezrich, Ben, 2 MG Baltic scandal, 35, 38, 63, 72, 167 Milenas, Vytautas, 83, 84 Miles’s Law, 157 Miller, Alexey, 107 Miltienis, Valentinas, 83 Mina, James, 27 Minelgaite Snaebjornsson, 121 Ministry of Culture of Lithuania, 129 Ministry of Economic Affairs of Lithuania, 73 Ministry of Education, Science and Sports of Lithuania, 46, 129 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Lithuania, 129, 158 Ministry of Health of Lithuania, 129 Ministry of Justice of Lithuania, 129, 158 Ministry of the Agriculture of Lithuania, 129 Ministry of the Environment of Lithuania, 129 Ministry of Transportation and Communications of Lithuania, 60, 129, 158 Minkov, Michael, 65 Miskinis, Algirdas, 134 197 Mockaitis, Audra L, 121 Moldova, 169 Montenegro, 26 Morlino, Leonardo, 133 Muravjovas, Sergejus, 62 N Narkevic, Jaroslav, 140 National Audit Office of Lithuania, 151 National Commission for Energy Control and Prices, 110, 118 National Gaming Control Authority of Lithuania, 28 National Paying Agency, 138 Navickas, Vilius, 122 NDX Energy, 114 Neopatrimonial regimes, 107 Nexon, Daniel H., 9 Norkus, Darius, 83 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 8, 54/149, 150, 161, 164, 169 North, Douglass C., 13, 16, 17 О O’Donnell, Giullermo, 2, 4, 9, 13, 16 Open
access social order, 18, 23 Oÿtimali investicija, 61 Order and Justice Party, 64, 131, 162 Orechovas, Vladimiras, 108 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 150 Orlen Lietuva, 71, 72 P Pagégiai municipality, 64 Pakruojis municipality, 58, 84
198 INDEX Paksas, Rolandas, 89, 123, 142, 152, 162 Palanga municipality, 58 Paleckis, Algirdas, 47 Paliukas, Raimundas, 108 Pancerovas, Dovydas, 72 Paolucci, Caterina, 131 Papamichail, Theodora, 12 Parliament of the Republic of Lithuania Parmeter, Christopher F., 164 Particularism, 2, 13 Pasvalio vandenys, 85 Pasvalys municipality, 57 Patrimonialism, 13 Paulauskas, Artüras, 54, 74, 108 Pedersen, Mogens N., 128 People’s Party of Lithuania, 125 Pérez-Linân, Anibal, 133 Peric, Ana, 12 Petkeviciené, Jolanta, 137 PHARE assistance instrument, 146 Philp, Mark, 13, 15, 16 Piattoni, Simona, 12 Piscopo, Jennifer Μ., 12 PKN Orlen, 71 Plunges zinins, 92 Poguntke, Thomas, 91 Poland, 19, 27, 30, 32, 33, 149 Polese, Abel, 34 Political corruption, 15, 16, 32, 34, 166 Political culture, 29, 33, 91, 121, 170, 175 Politics-business nexus/state-business relations, 2, 4, 5, 9, 13, 14, 17, 20, 34, 36-38, 42, 44, 72, 135, 143, 146, 169 Polyarchy, 3 Ponomariovas, Valerijus, 81, 82 Posner, Alan R., 128 Powell, Walter W, 30 PR agencies, 34, 38, 39, 41, 42, 48, 100 Prat, Andrea, 17, 92 Principal-agent theory, 163 Principal-agent problem, 44 Prunskiene, Kazimiera, 137, 169, 170 Przeworski, Adam, 18, 19 Public Procurement Office of Lithuania (PPO), 78, 136, 151, 152 Pujas, Véronique, 128, 140 Q Quah, Jon S.T., 167 Quanxi, 23 R Radzevicius, Dainius, 42, 96 Rail Raltica Statyba, 82 Ranga IV, 67 Raseiniai municipality, 57, 76 Red-Black collusion, 28 Respublika, 93, 95, 97, 99, 100, 103 Rhodes, Martin, 128, 140 Rinkos aiksté, 99 RNI Property, 114 Romania, 10, 26, 34 Romanovas, Vladimiras, 92, 123-125
Rothstein, Bo, 13, 16, 160, 164 Rule of law, 3, 8, 9, 13, 14, 44, 161 Rupnik, Jacques, viii Ruskulis, Romas, 101, 108 Russia, 2, 27, 30, 73, 107, 109, 123, 149, 161, 169 Russian speakers/Russian-speaking population, 26 Ryty skirstomieji tinklai (RST), 111, 113, 182 S Salcininkai municipality, 57
INDEX SAPARD assistance instrument, 148 Sartori, Giovani, 128 Saurugger, Sabine, 40 Savickas, Valdas, 83 Scandinavian countries, 27, 29 Scheppele, Kim Lane, viii Schulz, Winfried, 91 Scott, Peter Μ., 164 Serbia, 26 Shah, Anwar, 160 Shannon, Vaughn, 31, 32 Shapovalova, Natalia, 12 Sicâkovâ-Beblavâ, Emilia, 2 Siliauskas, Vilius, 61 dilutes ajyrochemija, 77 Simanauskiené, Joana, 125 Simasius, Remigijus, 171 Sirvinskas-Gailius, Marijus, 102 Skucas, Sarünas, 123 Skvernelis, Saulius, 50, 71 Slovakia, 2, 30 Snoras Bank, 96 Snowden, Edward, 88 Social Democratic party of Lithuania, 131 Sodeika, Gintaras, 67 Soh, Yew Chong, 160 Soviet Union, 120, 149 Spindulys, 61, 62 Stankevicienè, Asta, 121 Staskevicius, Ignas, 55 State Security Department of Lithuania, 47, 108 Steen, Jennifer A., 15 Stefanov, Ruslan, 27 Stella Vitae, 107, 181 Stephenson, Matthew, 161 Steponavicius, Gintaras, 63 Stonys, Rimandas, 107, 108, ПО Strömbäck, Jesper, 91 Sutkus, Valdas, 79 Svieskime vaikus, 63 199 Sweden, 29, 30 Swedish Bonnier Group, 93 T Tankebe, Justice, 160 Tapsh, 23 Taraskevicius, Rimantas, 108 Taurage municipality, 53 Telsiai municipality, 58 Teorrell, Jan, 16 Tomkus, Vitas, 98 Trakai municipality, 75 Transition/transitology, 3, 8, 21, 28, 33, 36, 104, 106," 122, 134, 156, 174 Transparency International (TI), 31, 62, 94, 138, 150, 151 U Ukio bankas, 123 Ukraine, 33, 169 Uleviciüté, Giedre, 134 Universalism, 13, 16 US Embassy in Lithuania, 68, 95 US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 152 Uspaskich, Viktor, 53, 74, 99-101, 107, 108, 110, 166, 183 V Vainauskas, Gedvydas, 68, 69, 89, 96 Vakaro
Zinios, 93, 97 Vakanz skirstomieji tinklai (VST), 111-114 Valatka, Rimvydas, 34 Valentinavicius, Virgis, 141 Valstieciu laikrastis, 100 Valvonis, Vytautas, 97 van Biezen, Ingrid, 91 Vannucci, Alberto, 15
200 INDEX Varéna municipality, 56 Vasiliauskas, Vitas, 97 Veidas, 103 Verseckas, Saulius, 88 Verslo zinios, 93, 111 Vian, Taryn Vikonda, 99, 107 Vilniaus diena daily, 124 Vilniaus Energija, 118 Vilniaus silumos tinklai Vilniaus vandenys, 82, 83 Vilnius municipality, 67 Virtuous circle, 162, 163, 169 Vladimirov, Martin, 27 Vojeika, Piotras, 108 Vojeika, Tatjana, 108 Vonzutaite, Vitalija, 101, 102 VP Market, 55, 61, 62, 111-113, 115, 156, 157 f I W Walker, James T., 164 Wallis, John Joseph, 17 Wang, Peng, 28, 29 Webb, Steven B., 17 Weingast, Barry R., 17 Westernization, 9, 10, 170, 174 Wikileaks, 68 Winters, Jeffrey A., 3, 15 Y YES (Homeland Revival and Perspective) party', 131 Z Zalgiris basketball club, 70, 125 Zielonka, Jan, 11 Zuokas, Arturas, 67, 98, 116 Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München |
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Lašas, Ainius |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1047204886 |
| author_facet | Lašas, Ainius |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Lašas, Ainius |
| author_variant | a l al |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV048964240 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1389179988 (DE-599)BVBBV048964240 |
| era | Geschichte 2000-2022 gnd Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 2000-2022 Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Litauen (DE-588)4074266-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Litauen |
| id | DE-604.BV048964240 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-11T19:23:30Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783031255304 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-034227964 |
| oclc_num | 1389179988 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-12 |
| physical | xix, 200 Seiten Diagramme |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20240828 |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| publishDateSearch | 2023 |
| publishDateSort | 2023 |
| publisher | Palgrave Macmillan |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Political corruption and governance Palgrave pivot |
| spelling | Lašas, Ainius Verfasser (DE-588)1047204886 aut Backstage democracy the dynamics of business-politics nexus in Lithuania Ainius Lašas Cham Palgrave Macmillan [2023] © 2023 xix, 200 Seiten Diagramme txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Political corruption and governance Palgrave pivot Geschichte 2000-2022 gnd rswk-swf Geschichte gnd rswk-swf Political science Business Management science Europe—Politics and government Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd rswk-swf Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd rswk-swf Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 gnd rswk-swf Einflussnahme (DE-588)4131701-4 gnd rswk-swf Politiker (DE-588)4046517-2 gnd rswk-swf Demokratie (DE-588)4011413-2 gnd rswk-swf Korruption (DE-588)4032524-6 gnd rswk-swf Litauen (DE-588)4074266-0 gnd rswk-swf Hardcover, Softcover / Politikwissenschaft/Politisches System Litauen (DE-588)4074266-0 g Demokratie (DE-588)4011413-2 s Einflussnahme (DE-588)4131701-4 s Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 s Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 s Geschichte 2000-2022 z DE-604 Korruption (DE-588)4032524-6 s Politiker (DE-588)4046517-2 s Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 s Geschichte z Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-031-25531-1 Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034227964&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034227964&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034227964&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034227964&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Register // Gemischte Register |
| spellingShingle | Lašas, Ainius Backstage democracy the dynamics of business-politics nexus in Lithuania Political science Business Management science Europe—Politics and government Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 gnd Einflussnahme (DE-588)4131701-4 gnd Politiker (DE-588)4046517-2 gnd Demokratie (DE-588)4011413-2 gnd Korruption (DE-588)4032524-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4066493-4 (DE-588)4046514-7 (DE-588)4066399-1 (DE-588)4131701-4 (DE-588)4046517-2 (DE-588)4011413-2 (DE-588)4032524-6 (DE-588)4074266-0 |
| title | Backstage democracy the dynamics of business-politics nexus in Lithuania |
| title_auth | Backstage democracy the dynamics of business-politics nexus in Lithuania |
| title_exact_search | Backstage democracy the dynamics of business-politics nexus in Lithuania |
| title_full | Backstage democracy the dynamics of business-politics nexus in Lithuania Ainius Lašas |
| title_fullStr | Backstage democracy the dynamics of business-politics nexus in Lithuania Ainius Lašas |
| title_full_unstemmed | Backstage democracy the dynamics of business-politics nexus in Lithuania Ainius Lašas |
| title_short | Backstage democracy |
| title_sort | backstage democracy the dynamics of business politics nexus in lithuania |
| title_sub | the dynamics of business-politics nexus in Lithuania |
| topic | Political science Business Management science Europe—Politics and government Wirtschaftspolitik (DE-588)4066493-4 gnd Politik (DE-588)4046514-7 gnd Wirtschaft (DE-588)4066399-1 gnd Einflussnahme (DE-588)4131701-4 gnd Politiker (DE-588)4046517-2 gnd Demokratie (DE-588)4011413-2 gnd Korruption (DE-588)4032524-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Political science Business Management science Europe—Politics and government Wirtschaftspolitik Politik Wirtschaft Einflussnahme Politiker Demokratie Korruption Litauen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034227964&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034227964&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034227964&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=034227964&sequence=000007&line_number=0004&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lasasainius backstagedemocracythedynamicsofbusinesspoliticsnexusinlithuania |