The glass wall: lives on the Baltic frontier
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
New York
Farrar, Straus and Giroux
2022
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| Edition: | First American edition |
| Subjects: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033338700&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033338700&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033338700&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Abstract: | "Max Egremont, author of Some Desperate Glory, tells stories from the 'Glass Wall' between Europe and Asia"-- "The Glass Wall features an extraordinary cast of characters--contemporary and historical, foreign and indigenous--who have lived and fought in the Baltic, western Europe's easternmost stronghold. Too often the destiny of this region has seemed to be to serve as the front line in other people's wars. By telling the stories of warriors and victims, of philosophers and barons, of poets and artists, of rebels and emperors, and of others who lived through years of turmoil and violence, Max Egremont sets forth a brilliant account of a long-overlooked region, on a frontier whose limits may still be in doubt." -- |
| Item Description: | "Originally published in 2021 by Picador, Great Britain. |
| Physical Description: | xviii, 300 Seiten Illustrationen, Karte |
| ISBN: | 9780374163457 |
Staff View
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The glass wall |b lives on the Baltic frontier |c Max Egremont |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Lives on the Baltic frontier |
| 246 | 1 | 0 | |a Lives on the Baltic frontier |
| 250 | |a First American edition | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a New York |b Farrar, Straus and Giroux |c 2022 | |
| 300 | |a xviii, 300 Seiten |b Illustrationen, Karte | ||
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| 500 | |a "Originally published in 2021 by Picador, Great Britain. | ||
| 505 | 8 | |a Our shared Riga -- Pearl of the east -- Museum of power -- Faith on the frontier -- Archives of the people -- The city on a hill -- Glamour & misery -- The Baltic Versailles -- Visitors -- Imperial echo -- I take no sides -- Different gods -- Civilization -- I fight for the Tsar -- The new crusaders -- Scattered leaves -- The coup -- North and South -- Last witnesses -- You cannot choose your liberator -- Homecoming -- My sweet Lestene -- Grandchildren -- Borders of history -- Forbidden zone | |
| 520 | 3 | |a "Max Egremont, author of Some Desperate Glory, tells stories from the 'Glass Wall' between Europe and Asia"-- | |
| 520 | 3 | |a "The Glass Wall features an extraordinary cast of characters--contemporary and historical, foreign and indigenous--who have lived and fought in the Baltic, western Europe's easternmost stronghold. Too often the destiny of this region has seemed to be to serve as the front line in other people's wars. By telling the stories of warriors and victims, of philosophers and barons, of poets and artists, of rebels and emperors, and of others who lived through years of turmoil and violence, Max Egremont sets forth a brilliant account of a long-overlooked region, on a frontier whose limits may still be in doubt." -- | |
| 648 | 7 | |a Geschichte |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
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| 653 | 0 | |a Germans / Baltic States / History | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Russians / Baltic States / History | |
| 653 | 2 | |a Baltic States / History / German occupation, 1941-1944 | |
| 653 | 2 | |a Baltic States / History / Soviet occupation, 1939-1941 | |
| 653 | 1 | |a Egremont, Max / 1948- / Travel / Baltic States | |
| 653 | 0 | |a HISTORY / Europe / Eastern | |
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| 653 | 0 | |a Russians | |
| 653 | 0 | |a Travel | |
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| 653 | 6 | |a History | |
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1819306425098174464 |
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| adam_text | Bibliography Abulafia, David, ‘Lübeck and the Hanseatic League’ (London Legatum Institute lecture 2016) Adam of Bremen, History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen (New York 1959) Adlard, John, Stenbock, Yeats and the Nineties (London 1969) Anderson, H. Foster, Borderline Russia (London 1942) Ashton, Dore, About Rothko (New York 1983) Baedeker, Russia (Leipzig 1914) Baister, Stephen and Chris Patrick, Latvia (Chalfont St Peter 2005) Bartlett, Roger, ‘German Popular Enlightenment in the Russian Empire: Peter Ernst Wilde and Catherine II’, The Slavonic and East European Review, vol. 84 no. 2 (2006), pp. 256-78 Baumer, Franz, Siegfried von Vegesack: Heimat im Grenzenlosen (Heilbronn 1974) Bennett, Geoffrey, Freeing the Baltic (Edinburgh 2002 edition) Bergengruen, Werner, Der Tod von Reval (1939) Berlin, Isaiah, Three Critics of the Enlightenment: Vico, Hamann, Herder (London 2000) Berzing, Bud, Sex Songs of the Ancient Letts (New York 1969) Bielenstein, Bernhard, Die Häuser aber blieben (Riga 1998) Blanckenhagen, Herbert von, Am Rande der Weltgeschichte (Göttingen 1966) Bodisco, Theophile von, Versunkene Welten (Weissenhorn 1997) Boehm, Max Hildebert and Hellmuth Weiß, Wir Balten (Salzburg/ Munich 1951) Bohlen, Charles, Witness to History, 1929-1969 (London 1973) Josse, Lars, ‘Vom Baltikum in den Reichsgau Wartheland’ in
Bibliography 277 Deutschbalten, Weimarer Republik in Drittes Reich, 1, ed. Michael Garleff (Cologne 2008) Bourgeois, Charles, SJ, A Priest in Russia and the Baltic (London 1955) Breslin, James E., Mark Rothko (Chicago 1993) Brüggemann, Karsten, ‘Max Erwin von Scheubner-Richter (18841932) - der Führer des Führers’, in Deutschbalten, Weimarer Republik und Drittes Reich, 1, ed. Michael Garleff (Cologne 2008) Brundage, James, trans, and ed., The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia (Madison 1961) Bunkśe, Edmunds V, ‘Latvian Folklorists’, Journal of American Folklore, vol. 92 no. 364 (April-June 1979), pp. 196-214. Burleigh, Michael, Germany Turns Eastwards (Cambridge 1988) Butler, Hubert, The Sub-Prefect Should Have Held his Tongue and Other Essays (London 1990) Christiansen, Eric, The Northern Crusades (London 1997 edition) Czapski, Józef, Inhuman Land (New York 2018 edition) Dickens, Eric, ‘Jaan Kross 80’, Estonian Literary Magazine, no. 10 (Spring 2000) Dyer, Geoff, Zona (Edinburgh 2013) Eastlake, Lady, The Letters of Elizabeth Rigby, Lady Eastlake, ed. Julie Sheldon (Liverpool 2009) Eksteins, Modris, Walking Since Daybreak (London 2000) Figes, Orlando, A People’s Tragedy: The Russian Revolution, 18911924 (London 1996) Freimane, Valentina, Adieu, Atlantis (Göttingen 2015) Gerwarth, Robert, and John Horne, eds, War in Peace: Paramilitary Violence in Europe After the Great War (Oxford 2012) — The Vanquished: Why the First World War Failed to End, 19171923 (London 2016) Gilbert, Emily, Rebuilding Post-war Britain: Latvian, Lithuanian and Estonian Refugees in Britain, 1946-51 (Barnsley
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278 Bibliography Gordon, Frank, Latvians and Jews (Riga 2001) Greene, Graham, Journey Without Maps (London 1936) — Ways of Escape (London 1980) Grosberg, Oskar, Meschwaiden, Ein altlivländischer Gutshof (Leipzig 1942 edition) Hahn, Sophie von, In Gutshäusern und Residenzen (Hanover 1964) Hanfstaengl, Ernst, The Unknown Hitler: Notes from the Young Nazi Party (London 2005 edition) Heber-Percy, Colin, Perfect in Weakness: Faith in Tarkovsky’s Stalker (Eugene 2019) Herder, J. G., J. G. Herder on Social and Political Culture, ed. E Μ. Barnard (Cambridge 1969) Hewitt, Theodore B., ‘A Note on the Genealogy of the Keyserling Family’, German Quarterly, vol. 5 no. 3 (May 1932), pp. 104-5. Hiden, John, Defender of Minorities: Paul Schiemann, 1876-1944 (London 2004) Höss, Rudolph, Commandant of Auschwitz (London 2000 edition) Hough, Richard, The Fleet that had to Die (London 1958) Hughes, Richard, The Fox in the Attic (London 1961) Ivask, Astrid, ‘A Monument to the Anonymous Genius of Latvian Folk Poetry’, Books Abroad, vol. 34, no. 2 (Spring 1960), pp. 126-7 — At the Fallow’s Edge (Santa Barbara 1981) — Oklahoma Poems (Norman 1990) Jaanus, Maire, ‘Estonia and Pain: Jaan Kross’ The Czar’s Madman’, Journal of Baltic Studies, vol. 31, no. 3 (Special issue Fall 2000), pp. 253-72. Josselson, Michael, The Commander: A Life of Barclay de Tolly (Oxford 1980) Jürjo, Indrek, ‘August Wilhelm Hupei als Repräsentant der baltischen Aufklärung’, Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas, vol. 39, no. 4 (1991), pp. 495-513 Kalnins, Mara, Latvia: A Short History (London 2015) Kasekamp, Andres, A History
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Bibliography 279 Kelly, Laurence, Lermontov: Tragedy in the Caucasus (London 1977) Kennan, George E, Memoirs 1925-1950 (London 1968) Kershaw, Ian, ‘Improvised Genocide? The Emergence of the “Final Solution” in the “Warthegau” ’, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, vol. 2 (December 1992), pp. 51-78 — Hitler 1889-1936, Hubris (London 1998) — Hitler 193 6-1945, Nemesis (London 2000) Keyserling, Eduard von, Harmonie (Berlin 1905) — Bunte Herzen (Berlin 1909) — Abendliche Häuser (Berlin 1914) Keyserling, Hermann, Europe (London 1928) Kirby, David, Northern Europe in the Early Modern Period: The Baltic World 1492-1772 (London 1990) — The Baltic World 1772-1993 (London 1995) Koenen, Gerd, Der Russland-Komplex: die Deutschen und der Osten, 1900-1945 (Munich 2005) Kohl, J. G., Die deutsch-russischen Ostseeprovinzen, 2 vols (Leipzig 1841) — Russia (London 1842) Kross, Jaan, Professor Martens’ Departure (London 1994) — The Conspiracy and other Stories (London 1995) — The Czar’s Madman (London 2003) — Treading Air (London 2003) — Sailing Against the Wind (Evanston 2012) — The Ropewalker (London 2016) — A People without a Past (London 2017) Kuffner, Josef, ed., Festschrift zum 30-jährigen Bestehen des Fördervereins Weißensteiner Burgkasten ‘Rettet das fressende Haus’ (Regen 2012) Lampedusa, Giuseppe Tomasi di, The Leopard, with A Memory and Two Stories (London 1986 edition) Lancmanis, Imants, Rundāle Palace, a History (Riga 2015) Laqueur, Walter, Russia and Germany: A Century of Conflict (London 1965)
280 Bibliography Latgolys, A Dictionary of Latgale, Various contributors. 2 vols (Rēzekne 2012) Lenz, Wilhelm, ed., Deutschbaltisches Biographisches Lexikon 17101960 (Cologne 1970) Leppik, Lea, Mountain of Muses, the University of Tartu Museum (Tartu 2014) Lieven, Anatol, The Baltic Revolution (New Haven and London 1993) Lieven, Dominic, Russia’s Rulers Under the Old Regime (New Haven and London 1989) — Towards the Flame: Empire, War and the End of Tsarist Russia (London 2015) Liulevicius, Vejas Gabriel, War Land on the Eastern Front (Cambridge 2000) — The German Myth of the East: 1800 to the Present (Oxford 2009) Lochhead, Marion, Elizabeth Rigby, Lady Eastlake (London 1961) Londonderry, Lady, Russian Journal of Lady Londonderry, 1836-37, ed. W. A. L. Seaman and J. R. Sewell (London 1973) Lossowski, Piotr, ‘The Resettlement of the Germans From the Baltic States in 1939/1941’, Acta Poloniae Historica, vol. 92 (2005), pp. 79-98. Mann, Thomas, Reden und Aufsätze, vol. 1 (Frankfurt 1965) Manstein, Erich von, Lost Victories (London 1958) McCullagh, Francis, ‘The Baltic States from an Irish Point of View. 1 : The Baltic Barons’, Studies: An Irish Quarterly Review, vol. 11 no. 41 (1922), pp. 29-44 McDowell, Linda, Hard Labour: The Forgotten Voices of Latvian Migrant ‘Volunteer’ Workers (London 2005) Meinander, Henrik, A History of Finland (New York 2011) Merkel, Garlieb Helwig, Die Letten (Hanover 1998 edition) Moorhouse, Roger, The Devils’ Alliance: Hitler’s Pact with Stalin 1939-1941 (London 2014) — First to Fight: the Polish War 1939 (London 2019) Morgenstern, Ulf,
‘Momentaufnahme mit Tiefenschärfe: Lothar Engelbert Schückings Blick auf die Insel Ösel am Ende des ersten
Bibliography 281 Weltkriegs’, Nachrichtenblatt der Baltischen Ritterschaft, no. 230 (2016), pp. 21-28. Mothander, Carl Axel, Barone, Bauern und Bolschewiken in Estland (Weißenhorn 2005) Mühlen, Ilse von zur, and others, Glanz und Elend (Lindenberg 2013) Mühlen, Patrik von zur, Baltische Geschichte in Geschichten (Cologne 1994) Newman, Bernard, Baltic Roundabout (London 1939) Nicolson, Nigel, Alex: The Life of Field Marshal Earl Alexander of Tunis (London 1973) Nordström, Clara, Mein Leben (Heidelberg 1957) Norrback, Märtha, ed., A Gentleman’s Home (Helsinki 2001) Oksanen, Sofi, Purge (London 2010) O’Meara, Patrick, ‘Timotheus von Bock: Prisoner of Alexander Г, The Slavonic East European Review, vol. 90, no. 1 (January 2012), pp.98-123 Palmer, Alan, Northern Shores (London 2005) Pappas, Andrea, Mark Rothko and the Politics of Jewish Identity 1939-1945, dissertation for University of Southern California (May 1997) — ‘Invisible Points of Departure: Reading Rothko’s Christological Imagery’, American Jewish History, vol. 92, no. 4 (2004), pp. 401-36 — ‘Haunted Abstraction: Mark Rothko, Witnessing and the Holocaust in 1942’, Journal of Modern Jewish Studies, vol. 6, no. 2 (July 2007), pp. 167-83 Parquet, Emmanuel Joseph Marie, L’Aventure Allemande en Lettonie (Paris 1926) Pipes, Richard,‘Iurii Samarin’s Baltic Escapade’, Journal of Baltic Studies, vol. 42, no. 3 (2011), pp. 315-27 Pistohlkors, Gert von, ed., Deutsche Geschichte im Osten Europas, Baltische Lander (Berlin 1994) — ‘Großgrundbesitz und Selbstverwaltung: die besondere Rolle der Livländischen Ritterschaft im Russischen
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282 Bibliography Plakans, Andrejs, The Latvians, A Short History (Stanford 1995) — A Concise History of the Baltic States (Cambridge 2011) Plath, Ulrike, Esten und Deutsche in den baltischen Provinzen Russlands (Wiesbaden 2011) Plavnieks, Richards Olafs, Wall of Blood: the Baltic German Case Study in National Socialist Wartime Population Policy 1939-1945, thesis for University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (Chapel Hill 2008) Popoff, George, The City of the Red Plague, Soviet Rule in a Baltic Town (London 1932) Powell, Anthony, Venusberg (London 1932) Radcliffe, Maud, A Baltic Story (Riga 1997) Rauch, Georg von, The Baltic States: the Years of Independence: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania 1917-1940 (London 1974) Raun, Toivo U., Estonia and the Estonians (Stanford 2001) Rausing, Sigrid, Everything is Wonderful: Memories of a Collective Farm in Estonia (New York 2014) Ray, Maruta Lietiņa, ‘Recovering the Voice of the Oppressed: Master, Slave and Serf in the Baltic Provinces’, Journal of Baltic Studies, vol. 34 no. 1 (Spring 2003), pp. 1-21 Rigby, Elizabeth. A Residence on the Shores of the Baltic, 2 vols (London 1841) — Livonian Tales (London 1846) — The Letters of Elizabeth Rigby, Lady Eastlake, ed. Julie Sheldon (Liverpool 2009) Röhrl, Boris, ‘Die revidierte Moderne. Siegfried von Vegesack’ in Die totalitäre Erfahrung: deutsche Literatur und Drittes Reich, ed. Frank-Lothar Krull (Berlin 2005) Rosen, Claus von, A Baltic German Life (Bristol 2014) Ross, Alan, Winter Sea (London 1997) Salomon, Ernst von, Die Kadetten (Berlin 1933) — The Answers (London 1954) — The Outlaws (London
2013 edition) Sammartino, Annemarie H., The Impossible Border: Germany and the East, 1914-1922 (Ithaca 2010)
Bibliography 283 Scholdt, Günter, ‘Siegfried von Vegesack. Ein Deutschbalte im Dritten Reich’ in Europäische Dimensionen deutschbaltischer Literatur, ed. Frank-Lothar Kroll (Berlin 2005) Schücking, Lothar Engelbert, Ein Jahr auf О esel (Berlin 1920) Schwidtal, Michael, Jaan Undusk and Liina Lukas, eds., Baltisches Welterlebnis: die Kulturgeschichtliche Bedeutung von Alexander, Eduard und Hermann Graf Keyserling (Heidelberg 2007) Seth, Ronald, Baltic Corner: Travel in Estonia (London 1939) Simenon, Georges, Pietr the Latvian (London 2013 edition) Skultans, Viedä, The Testimony of Lives: Narrative and Memory in post-Soviet Latvia (London 1998) Smith, Jerry C. and William L. Urban, The Livonian Rhymed Chronicle (Bloomington 1977) Smith, S. A., Russia in Revolution: An Empire in Crisis, 1890 to 1928 (Oxford 2017) Stackelberg, Camilla von, Verwehte Blätter (Würzburg 1992) Staden, Berndt von, Erinnerungen aus der Vorzeit, Eine Jugend im Baltikum 1919-1939 (Berlin 1999) — Ende und Anfang: Erinnerungen 1939-1963 (Vaihingen/Enz 2001) Steiner, Felix Μ., Die Wehridee des Abendlandes (Frankfurt 1951) — Die Armee der Geächteten (Preuss Oldendorf 1971) — Die Freiwilligen der Waffen-SS (Preuss Oldendorf 1973) Stenbock, Count Stanislaus Eric, Of Kings and Things, ed. David Tibet (London 2017) Stone, Norman, The Eastern Front, 1914-1917 (London 1975) Swain, Geoffrey, Between Stalin and Hitler: Class War and Race War on the Dvina, 1940-46 (London 2004) Szentivanyi, Ieva Auzina, Dainas - Wit and Wisdom of Ancient Latvian Poetry (Riga 2018) Tallents, Stephen, Man and Boy (London 1943) Talvet,
Jüri, ‘Paigallend, or the Building of Estonia in the Novels of Jaan Kross’, The Journal of Baltic Studies, vol. 31, no. 3 (Fall 2000), pp. 237-52 Taube, Arvid Freiherr von, ‘Johann Georg Kohl und die baltischen Lande’, Bremisches Jahrbuch, vol. 4, pp. 261-318 (Bremen 1962)
284 Bibliography — Die Deutschbalten, with Erik Thomson (Lüneburg 1973) Taylor, Neil, Estonia (Chalfont St Peter 2014 edition) — Estonia: A Modern History (London 2018) Thaden, Edward C., et al., Russification in the Baltic Provinces and Finland, 1855-1914 (Princeton 1981) Thomson, Ian, ‘Past Master’, interview with Jaan Kross in the Guardian, 5 July 2003 Trebesch, Jochen, Giuseppe Tomasi di Eampedusa: Leben und Werk des letzten Gattopardo (Berlin 2013) Troyat, Henri, Catherine the Great (Henley-on-Thames 1979) — Alexander of Russia, Napoleon’s Conqueror (Sevenoaks 1984) Undusk, Jaan, ‘Brevier der deutschbaltischen Literatur’, in Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung: Jahrbuch 2013/2014 (Gottingen 2015) Ungern-Sternberg, Armin, ‘Ankunft in der Bundesrepublik Archäologie und Dekonstruktion des kulterellen Erbes: Siegfried von Vegesack’ in Staatliche Einheit und nationale Vielfalt im Baltikum, ed. Gert von Pistohlkors and Matthias Weber (Munich 2005) Urban, William, The Teutonic Knights (Barnsley 2011) Vegesack, Siegfried von: Novels The House Devouring (London 1934) Der letzte Akt (Heilbronn 1957) Die Überfahrt (Munich 1967) Die baltische Tragödie - Blumbergshof, Herren ohne heer, Totentanz in Livland (Graz omnibus 2004 edition) Non-fiction and poetry Als Dolmetscher im Osten (Hanover 1965) Vorfahren und Nachkommen (Heilbronn 1981 edition) Briefe: 1914-1971, ed. Marianne Hagengruber (Grafenau 1988) Zu Gast im Turm, Siegfried von Vegesack zum 100 Geburtstag (Grafenau 1988) Siegfried von Vegesack: Seine schönsten Gedichte (Grafenau 2004) Der Sonntagswächter: Siegfried von
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Bibliography 28 y Schwabing im Bayerischen Wald: Briefwechsel zwischen em Zeichner Rolf von Hoerschelmann und dem Schriftseller Siegfried von Vegesack 1915-1946 ed., Rolf Rieß (Grafenau 2016) Alfred Kubin und Siegfried von Vegesack, Briefwechsel, ed. Rolf Rieß (Viechtach 2017) Mein funge, ed. Barbara von Schnurbein (Viechtach 2018) Tante Bella und der Luftschiffonkel·. Briefe von Isabella Gräfin Zeppelin an Siegfried und Clara von Vegesack, ed. Barbara von Schnurbein (Viechtach 2019) Watson, Alexander, Ring of Steel: Germany and Austria-Hungary at War, 1914-1918 (London 2014) Watson, Herbert A. Grant, The Latvian Republic (London 1965) Wenzel, Klaus, Siegfried von Vegesacks Romantrilogie ‘Die Baltische Tragödie’ (Amazon print 2013) Whelan, Heide W, Adapting to Modernity: Family, Caste and Capitalism among the Baltic German Nobility (Cologne 1999) Whiton, John, ‘Das Haus am See: An Unpublished Memoir of a Baltic Baron’, Journal of Baltic Studies, vol. 27, no. 1 (1966), pp. 77-86 Wilpert, Gero von, Deutschbaltische Literaturgeschichte (Munich 2005) Wistinghausen, Henning von, Zwischen Reval und St Petersburg (Weissenhorn 1993) — Im Freien Estland (Cologne 2004) Wistinghausen, Walter von, Aus meiner näheren Umwelt (Tallinn 1995) Wrangell, Wilhelm Baron von, Die Estländische Ritterschaft, ihre Ritterschaftshauptmänner und Landräte (Limburg 1967) Yeats, W. B., Memoirs (London 1972) Zvidriņš, Pēteris, ‘Changes in the Ethnie Composition in Latvia’, The Journal of Baltic Studies, vol. 23, no. 4 (Winter 1992), pp. 359-68 Zweig, Arnold, The Case of Sergeant Grischa (London 2000
edition)
Index Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations. ABLV 72 Adam of Bremen 35 Adenauer, Konrad 232 Admiralty, British 49 Adolphus, Gustavus 232 Adventists 127 Afghanistan 12,1T7 Aglona 124-6, 127 agriculture 166, 198, 221 see also farming Aktienklub, Tallinn 28, 52, 164, 195 Alatskivi manor 240 Albania 169 Alexander, Colonel Harold ‘Alex’ 157-9,160,241-2 Alexander I 21-2, 40, 63, 80, 82, 83, 84, 90, 256-7 Alexander II 92 Alexanderin 92,101-2 Alexander the Great 38, 148 Alexander Suvorov, Prince 90 Alexey, Tsarevich 103 Algeria 62 Allasch 151 Allasch Kümmel (liqueur) 140 Allgau 243 Allies (First World War) 151-2, 154, 156, 157, 163, 196 Allies (Second World War) 8, 218 amber 2, 37, 40 Ando see Eelmar, Ando Andrejs see Mejmalis, Andrejs Anna of Russia 68 Anschluss 178, 193, 195 anti-Bolsheviks 153, 155, 156-7, 238, 253 anti-Fascists 203 anti-Semitism 117-20, 172-4, 178, 189, 207, 210, 217-18, 230 Antwerp 244 Arctic 161, 262 Arensburg (later Kuressaare) 149, 261 aristocracy 28 Armenians 173, 188, 230 Armitstead, George (first generation) 94 Armitstead, George (second generation) 94 Armitstead, George (third generation, born 1847) 93, 94-5, 96-8, 97, 190 Armitstead, John Cecil 96 Armitstead family 93-8, 97 Asia 88 Aspasia 164 Aufbau 174 Augsburg 127, 162, 169 Augustinians 32 Auschwitz 152 Austerlitz 111 Australia 4, 219 Austria 178-80, 193, 195, 202 Austria-Hungary 245 Austrian empire 180 Avalov, ‘Prince’ Pavel Bermondt 69, 156, 158, 160 Bach, Johann Sebastian 64, 191 Bad Lauchstädt 231 Bagration, Prince 80-1 Baku 99, 101, 173 Balfour, Arthur 156 Balodis, General 159 Baltic
24-5, 42, 45, 46, 48, 50, 56, 58, 60, 62, 65, 85, 87-8, 90-2, 95, 98, 129-30, 132-3, 135-9, 141, 143-5, 148-52, 162-8, 172, 182, 195, 206, 225, 230, 232, 238-9, 241-3, 244, 253, 261 see also eastern Baltic; specific states Baltic civil war 174 Baltic Germans (Balts) 3-5, 6-7, 9-10, 15, 17-18, 25, 28-9, 36-7, 39-41, 45-6, 52, 55-7, 58-9, 61-5, 69-70, 74-5, 79-88, 91-2, 94-6, 103, 108-9, 120, 129-31, 134, 138, 140-4, 145-6, 148-59, 162-6, 168-71, 172-4, 177-8, 182-7, 188, 194-201, 205-6, 209-16, 230-2, 238, 241-5, 253, 256-7, 259, 261 Baltic identity 163, 261 Baltic nationalism 259 Baltic Sea 37 Baltic States 4-5, 7, 8, 9,10, 12,13, 36, 45, 75,153, 164, 196-9, 201, 209, 218, 228-9, 248, 259 see also specific states Barbara see Schnurbein, Barbara von Barbi, Alice 182 Barkovska, Genovefa 120-1 barons, Baltic 40-1, 55, 59, 63, 85, 88, 129-31, 148-9, 163, 164-5, 171, 174, 182-3, 186, 206, 253, 259 see also specific barons Barons, Krišjānis 42 Bavaria 162,168-71,177,181,206,215,216,243-5 Bayerisch Eisenstein 180 BBC 207 Beardsley, Aubrey 133 Belarus 82, 107, 110, 121
Index Beldiman, Dana 73-4, 77-8 Benckendorff, Count Alexander 89 Benckendorff family 3-4 Bennigsen, General 21 Berezina River 214 Bergengruen, Werner 52 Bergs Bazaar 75, 76-7 Berlin 14, 45, 71, 96, 143, 150-1, 168, 183, 195, 197, 200, 208, 210-12, 215, 221-2, 230 Berlin, Isaiah 115 Berzing, Bud 43 Bielenstein, August 42, 243 Bielenstein, Bernhard 243-4 Biron (Bühren), Ernst Johann von 68, 69, 72, 151 Birons 261 Black Sea 25, 106, 214 Blanckenhagen, Herbert von 140-1, 155-7, 163—4, 236, 241 Blue, Black and White Movement 247 Blumbergshof manor 61, 144, 145-6, 178, 212-13, 215-16, 245 BMW plant, Dingolfing 169 Bock, Timotheus von 256-7 Bohemia 96, 180, 181 Böhm, Lieutenant 183 Böhm, Dr Felix 183, 201 Bolsheviks 13,19, 47, 59, 72, 96,143, 145,149-59, 160,163-5,169,172,173-5,178,183,187,193, 214, 218, 233, 238, 241, 246 see also anti-Bolsheviks Borgs, Jānis 30-4 Borisov 214 Borodino, battle of 80-1 Bourgeois, Charles 25 Brahms, Johannes 182 Braun, Werner von 111 Bremen 32, 37, 86, 88, 244 Breslin, James 115 Brest, Poland 196 Brest-Litovsk 118 Brest-Litovsk, treaty of 19, 150, 173 Brezhnev, Leonid 100, 247 Brighton 133 Britain 9, 88, 95, 104, 123, 152-3, 156-9, 195-6, 218, 242, 252, 260 see also United Kingdom Budberg manor, Kallijärv 60 Buddhism 132 Burtnieks, Lake 40 Buxhövden, Albert von 2, 34, 36 Byron, Lord 13 Campenhausen family 61, 64, 82, 140, 143, 163, 212, 261 Canada 242 Carlisle, George 245-6, 263 Cathedral of the Sea, Liepāja 102-4, 105 Catherine the Great 20-1, 68, 84, 212 Caucasus 39, 173 Celestine III, Pope 32 Cēsis (Wenden), Latvia 29-30, 61, 85,101,140,156, 164,
196, 260 Cēsis Castle, Latvia 28, 29 Chagall, Marc 110,113,117 Chamberlain, Neville 195, 248 289 Charles, Prince of Wales 115 Charles XII, king of Sweden 14, 37, 61, 110 Chaucer, Geoffrey 35 Chechnya 12 Cheka 30, 187 Chekhov, Anton 135, 139, 254 Chełmno extermination camp 200 Chernyakhovsk see Insterburg China 48 Christianity 2, 24, 27, 31, 33, 35, 40, 42, 59, 117, 124, 191, 219, 238 Baltic 33, 110 Western 7, 36, 250 see also Lutheranism; Orthodox Christianity; Protestants; Roman Catholicism; Russian Orthodox Churchill, Winston 153, 156, 172, 254 Clayhills family 235 coal 103 Cold War 259 Columbia 4 communism 126, 152, 196 Communist Party 120 communists 151, 164, 166-7, 207, 231, 233 Cooper, Duff 49 Corinth, Lovis 135, 136, 137 Cossacks 39, 113, 116, 142, 156, 166 Courland (Latvian province) 20-1, 28, 37, 65, 67-9, 71, 87, 137, 141, 151, 155-6, 202, 216 Courland Ritterschaft (Knighthood) 69-70 Cowan, Admiral Sir Walter 160 Crimea 10, 214 Croÿ, Duke Charles Eugene 52-4, 89, 92 crusader Knights 2, 9, 13, 27, 29, 32, 34-7, 40, 42, 54, 58, 63, 86, 108, 129, 142, 168, 196-7, 212, 23 8, 240, 244 Czech Republic 180-1 Czechoslovakia 48, 168, 180, 205, 244, 248 dainas (poetry) 40-3 Dana see Beldiman, Dana Danzig (Gdańsk) 37, 69 Darwin, Charles 65 Daugava River (western Dvina/Düna) 32, 33, 112, 116, 188 Daugavpils (earlier Dvinsk), Latvia 30, 31,109,110, 112-18, 119-23 anti-Semitic riots 1920 189 Dawe, George 83 de Gaulle, Charles 221 de Valera, Éamon 26 deities, feminine 41 see also goddesses; gods Devil 27, 43 Disraeli, Benjamin 49 Dobele 42 Domberg 59 Dorpat see Tartu, Estonia
Dostoyevsky, Fyodor 59, 62 Doumenc, General Joseph 195 Dresden 88, 96, 244 Dublin 58 duelling 65-6, 86, 132, 136, 138, 140, 143 Duna River 155 Dünaburg see Daugavpils
2^0 Index Durben (Durbe) manor 164 Dvinsk see Daugavpils Dworkin, Tamara 204 Dzerzhinsky, Felix 187 East Germany 231 East Prussia 19, 36, 64, 83,115,179,215, 231,245, 247 eastern Baltic 2, 4, 24, 34, 36, 37, 48, 58, 247, 263 Eastern Europe 45, 48, 254 Eastlake, Sir Charles 90 Eduard see Kurilovich, Eduard Eelmar, Ando 17, 25, 54-7, 245, 252 Eeva, wife of Timotheus von Bock 256-7 Eichmann, Adolph 200 Eichorn, Pastor 43 Eisenstein, Sergei 36, 115 Ekespaare, Baron Oskar von 149 Elba 82 Elizabeth, Marquise des Aubris de Vatan 23 Elizabeth II, Queen 98 Emajõgi (Omovzha/Embach) River 232, 236 England 68, 94, 98, 99, 123, 159 ‘epitaph coats of arms/shields’ З, 3 Erasmus 5 Erdmann, Carl 65 Erfurt 82 Eriks see Jekabsons, Eriks Erzurum 173 Estonia 3-5, 6-16, 17-23, 24-30, 37, 39-40, 45-8, 50-7, 58-60, 62-4, 88, 88-9, 117, 129-34, 149, 152, 153, 154, 162, 166, 172, 191, 194-5, 222, 225-8, 235-41, 245-9, 250-63 communist coup 1924 164, 165-6 contemporary threats to 248-9 cyber-attacks against 248 first period of independence (1918-1940) 12, 18, 20, 26, 44, 145, 155, 156-7, 164, 165, 235, 246-7, 258-9 German occupation 56, 197-200, 210, 214-15, 233, 235-6, 239, 246, 247, 251-5, 259, 261-3 poetry 42 second period of independence 134, 227, 228-9, 231, 232, 233-4, 248-9, 252, 253, 258, 263 and the Second World War 197-200, 210, 212, 214-15 songs 44 Soviet invasion 8, 27-8, 162, 210 Soviet occupation 5, 7-9, 15, 16, 18, 20, 25, 26, 54-7, 129-30, 134, 197, 199, 201, 225-9, 232-4, 235, 236, 238, 239, 247-8, 250-6, 261-2 see also Hiiumaa; Saaremaa Estonian army 153, 197, 246-7 Estonian
Cultural Foundation 226 Estonian Defence League 18 Estonian Legion 13 Estonian National Museum 237, 245 Estonian nationalism 53-4, 56, 58, 131, 164, 194 Estonian Ritterschaft (Knighthood) 241 ‘Estonian Thermopylae’ 11 ethnic origin, myths of 37-8 Eugen, Prince 34 Europe 88, 95,104-5, 139, 140, 153,163,166,180, 184, 194, 196, 210, 227 central 253, 254 Western 7, 99, 173, 201, 230, 259 see also Eastern Europe European Nationalities Congress, Geneva 205 European Union (EU) 80, 208, 237, 243, 248 Eydtkuhnen 95 famine 18, 48 farming 37, 54-5 see also agriculture Fascism 101, 187, 217 see also anti-Fascists Fedor see Shantsyn, Fedor Feinmann, Dietrich (‘Dima’) 193-4, 204-5, 207-8 Felsko, J. D. 34 Fersen 3—4 Fersen, Sven 233 Fersen, Tiiu von 233 Fersen, Vice-Admiral William, Baron 232-3, 234 Fersen, Willy 232—4 Final Solution 200 Finland 25, 45-50, 55, 80, 153, 224, 225, 228, 233, 239-40, 252 Russian 6 Finnish volunteers 153 Finno-Ugrians 40, 253 First World War 2, 12, 13, 17, 19, 33, 48, 56, 59, 68-9, 74,83,93-4, 102,109,126,133,139,141, 143, 151-60, 163-6, 172—4, 177,194, 205, 209, 221,230, 235, 238, 241,246 Fischer (publisher) 139 fish 37,252 Flanders 37 flax 64 ‘Flintenweiber’ (Latvian rifle women) 155, 159 Florence 87, 237 Fock, von, family 3-4, 17 Fontane, Theodore 135 Forest Brothers 146, 248 forestry 166 France 13, 23, 68, 80-2, 96, 151, 152, 172, 195, 196, 199, 218 Francis, Pope 32, 124 Frank, Hans 198 Frederick the Great 42 Frederick William, Duke 68 Frederick William III of Prussia 83 Freikorps 12-13, 151, 152, 154, 160, 174 Baltikum detachment 160 Freimane (née
Loewenstein), Valentina 192-4, 197, 203-8,217 French army 214 French group 72 Freud, Lucian 108 Freud, Sigmund 183, 184, 185 Friedrich Karl of Hesse 47 fur 2, 37 Gagarene, Nina 146-7 Gajevskas, Emilija 203-8 Galina 99-102, 105 Garibaldi 13 Gauja valley 61
Index Gdańsk see Danzig Gdynia see Gotenhafen ‘General Government’ area 197 General Plan Ost 209 Geoffrey see Pridham, Geoffrey George see Carlisle, George Georgia 39, 117, 173 German army 13, 55,60, 76,111-12,121,123,126, 148, 152, 153-4, 158, 170, 211, 214, 231 conscription 4, 201, 255 German Empire 2, 19, 47, 101 German Federal Republic (West Germany), Foreign Service 241 German Group for National Peace 205 Germanization 209 Germany 2-4, 5, 9, 20, 26, 37, 60, 62, 69, 70, 74, 83, 86-8, 92,94, 95,101-2,104-5,108,110-12, 123,125,126,131,140,143,144,147,148-58, 160, 161-2, 164-5, 167-9, 173-5, 177, 180-1, 182-3, 188, 190-1, 208, 241, 248-9, 259 Allied occupation of western 163 anti-Semitism 172 and conscription 4, 201, 219 as cornerstone of contemporary Estonian foreign policy 234 cultural influence 4 deportation policy 209 and Finland 228 and the First World War 141, 151-8, 238, 246 and the Jews 172, 193 and the occupation of Estonia 56, 197-200, 210, 214-15, 233, 235-6, 239, 246, 247, 251-5, 259,261-3 and the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact 5, 162, 187, 196-7, 218, 229 and the Second World War 8, 11, 12-15, 23, 46-8, 55-6, 75, 192, 194-201, 202-7, 209-11, 213-16, 217-19 terror policy 162-3 trade 4 and the Treaty of Rapallo 164 war atrocities 202, 213, 214 see also Baltic Germans (Balts); East Germany Gernhardt, Robert 162 Gershov, Solomon 117 Gestapo 205, 206, 215 Gideonites 38 Glasenapp, Patrick von 231-2 God 3, 22, 27, 33, 35, 126, 142, 193 goddesses 124 mother 41 gods 89 Goebbels, Joseph 179 Goethe 61, 143, 178, 191, 210 Golden Bull of Rimini 34 Goldingen, Latvia see Kuldīga,
Latvia Goltz, General Rüdiger von der 153-5,154,156-60, 163 Gomberg, Eugene 79-82, 97-8 Gorbachev, Mikhail 247 Göring, Hermann 175, 177 Göring, Madame 231 Gorky, Maxim 212 Gotenhafen (Gdynia/Totenhafen) 199, 200 Gothic architecture 64, 93 291 Gotland 250 Gough, General Sir Hubert 157 Great Northern War 18, 141 Great Patriotic War 11, 117, 248 Great Powers 4 Greene, Graham 51-2 Greiser, Gauleiter Arthur 197 Grenadier Hill 11-12, 15, 16 Grevins, Valt 207 Grodno 110 Grotenfeld, Karl 45-6, 48-50 Grunwald 36 Gulag 28, 60, 61, 232, 239, 255, 257 gypsies 165 Haapsalu 30 Hague Convention 219 Hahn, Sophie von 62 Hahn, Walter 202 Halder, General Franz 195 Hamburg 2, 4, 37, 75,103, 138, 139, 170, 190, 232 Hamelin 188 Hanfstaengl, Putzi 175 Hanseatic League 2, 14, 37, 51, 86, 129, 152, 178, 188, 235, 244, 262-3 Hartmanis, Juris 223, 224 Hartmanis, General Matins 221-4, 225 Harvard 4 Hasenpoth 137 Heidelberg 88, 143 Helgi see Polio, Helgi Helsinki (Helsingfors) 45, 48, 49, 59, 167, 255, 262 Herder, Johann Gottfried von 2, 41-2, 44, 62, 188 Hermitage 238 Hesse, Hermann 138 Hiiumaa island 164-5, 250, 251, 252-4, 258 Hitler, Adolf 4, 7, 23, 46-7, 55, 59, 75, 111, 150, 160, 162, 170, 174-80, 187, 189, 192-3, 195-7, 200-1, 204-7, 209, 217-19, 230 assassination attempts against 14, 176-7, 207, 210, 215, 230 call ‘home’ to the Reich 1939 233 fiftieth birthday 221-2 last stand 14 Mein Kampf 177 Soviet aid to 228 Hoerner, Herbert von 155-6, 163, 179, 209, 241 Hoerschelmann, Rolf 171 Hohensalza see Inowrocław Hölderlin 177 Holland 14,48, 68, 115, 191 Holocaust 61, 117, 189, 203, 214, 219, 231,
244 Höss, Rudolph 152 Hungarian uprising 1956 26 Hungary 184, 253 Hupei, August Wilhelm 62-3, 259 Huxley, Paul 117-18 leva see Rozkalne, leva Ikšķile, Latvia 30-4 Iljasenko, Lila 185-6,211 Illumae chapel 22-3 indigenous peoples 24, 36 industry 166 Inowrocław (Hohensalza) 199
292 Index Insterburg (later Chernyakhovsk) 83 Inta see Laizāne, Inta Ireland 26, 58-9, 88, 252 see also Northern Ireland Irish nationalism 58 ‘Iron Division’ 152, 153, 155 Iscariot, Judas 239 Islamic extremism 169, 173 Istanbul 61, 75 Italy 13, 96, 13 8, 182, 242 Ivan II (‘the Great’) 36 Ivan IV 37 Ivan the Terrible 7, 37 Ivangorod 7, 8, 10 Ivars (missionary) 125-9, 262 Ivask, Astrid 221, 222—4 Ivask, Ivars 223-4 Jacob, Duke 68, 69, 100, 219-20 Jadwiga, queen of Poland 36 Jagiełło, Grand Duke 36 Janis 163-4 Japan 103, 104 Japanese nationalism 104 Jaunmoku, Latvia 93-4, 96 Jekabsons, Eriks 119 Jelgava (Mitau), Latvia 30, 67, 68, 85, 87, 140, 151, 153, 191, 261 Jelgava (Mitau) Palace, Latvia 87 Ducal Vault 69, 70, 151 Jesuits 168 Jesus 124, 127, 178, 188 Jevgeni 7-8, 10 Jewish Museum, Riga 189 ‘Jewish problem’ 200 Jews 4, 5, 7, 29, 30, 38, 47, 56, 85, 90, 101, 108, 115-16,118,119-20,138,166-8,173,178,188, 191-5, 197-9, 217, 227, 231, 243, 255 and Bolshevism 172 cemeteries 125 deportation 219 extermination by gas 200 ghettoization of the 113, 200, 202, 204 massacre of the 216 murder of the 202-4, 207-8, 210, 213-15, 218, 230 Orthodox 113 Polish 200 see also anti-Semitism Joshua 38 Jurjev, Estonia see Tartu, Estonia Jūrmala beach 166 Justs see Karlsons, Justs Kaali meteorite pit 250 Kadriorg Palace, Tallinn 129, 161, 226, 237, 261 Kaiserwald (now Mežaparks), Riga 243 Kaitseliit (Estonian defence league) 248 Kalevipoeg (mythical hero) 236, 240 Kalew 53 Kaliningrad (previously Königsberg), Russia 8, 15, 99, 100, 106, 120, 247 Kalisch 231 Kallas, Aino 254 Kallijärv 60 Kandava,
Latvia 108 Kant, Immanuel 64, 235, 236, 247 Kapp, Wolfgang 174 Karelia 228 Karja, Saaremaa 250 Karl see Grotenfeld, Karl Karlsbad 61 Karlsons, Justs 73-7 Karlsruhe 151 Karosta (old naval base) 98-9 Kazakhstan 120, 229 Kennan, George 51, 56 Kettler^ Gotthard 67 Keyserling 3-4 Keyserling, Alexander von 65, 137 Keyserling, Count Eduard von 65-6, 135-9, 136, 259 Keyserling, Hermann von 135, 164 Keyserlings 64-5, 84, 261 KGB 219,248 Khrushchev, Nikita 247 Kiel 4 Kiev 25, 75, 102, 212 Klee, Paul 61 Koch, Fritz 169-71 Kohl, Helmut 169 Kohl, Johann Georg 85-8, 90, 259 Koiga (Kolk) manor, Estonia 130-4, 134, 137, 232 Kollontai, Alexandra 72 Koluvere Castle (Fall Manor) 89 Königsberg, Russia see Kaliningrad, Russia Kotka 234 Kotze, Hans Ulrich von 197 Krasnoye 82 Kreenholm textiles 7, 199, 215 Kremlin 196, 198 Kreutzwald, Friedrich Reinhold 18 Kristallnacht pogrom 195 Kristina see Mullemaa, Kristina Kropotkin manor 164 Kross, Jaan 33, 229, 253-9, 258 Krüdener, Julie de 63, 84 Kubin, Alfred 143, 171 Kudjape cemetery, Saaremaa 251 Kuldīga (Goldingen), Latvia 30, 68, 137,163-4,191 Kultuurikatel 260, 262-3 Kümmel liqueur 4 Kurds 173 Kuremaa manor 240 Kuressaare 250 Kurilovich, Eduard 99, 100-1, 105 Kurseli, Otto von 172-7, 180, 230-1 Kurseli family 4, 261 Kursk 117 Kutno 199 Kutuzov 80-1, 82, 84 Kviesis, Alberts 75 Lagadis 53 Lagoda, Lake 256 Laidoner, Generai Johan 27-8, 156, 246-9 Laizāne, Inta 124-5, 127 Lampedusa, Prince Giuseppe Tomasi di 182, 183-7, 184, 210-11, 242-3 Lampedusa, Princess see Wolff, Alexandra (Licy) von
Index Lancmanis, Imants 67, 69-73, 78, 220 Landeswehr 152, 155-8, 160, 160, 165 landlords 39, 65, 85, 149, 165, 233, 250, 254 landowners 40, 63, 74, 191, 194, 221 Landtags (regional government assemblies) 39-40, 58-9, 62, 74, 89, 96, 129, 149, 150 Lao Tse 61 Lapinš, Janis 161 Latgale (eastern Latvia), Latvia 108, 110, 112, 115, 119, 121-4, 129, 158, 203֊^, 262 independence movement 126 Latgalian 124 Latvia 1-4, 13, 22, 25-33, 37, 39-44, 46-8, 52, 58-62, 67-78, 79-80, 88, 93-107, 108-10, 112-18, 119-28, 137, 140-4, 146-7, 148-60, 161, 165, 166, 182-3, 187-95, 217-24, 248-9, 259-60 first period of independence 75, 109, 145, 151, 155, 156-7, 160, 163, 166, 178, 258-9 migrations 1914-1920 166 second period of independence, 1990s 5, 125, 208 and the Second World War 197-8, 201-7, 210-11, 214-15, 222, 225 Soviet invasion 4, 5, 69, 75, 207 Soviet occupation 1, 5, 9, 26, 29, 33, 67, 69-72, 74, 75-6, 79-80, 99-103, 106, 108-10, 112-13, 119-25, 140, 146, 161, 178, 190, 192, 194, 196, 197, 201, 208, 211-12, 217-19, 221-4, 225 Latvian Academy of Agriculture 69 Latvian Academy of Sciences 188, 207 Latvian civil war 1918-1919 192 Latvian ‘Flintenweiber’ (rifle women) 155, 159 Latvian language 26 Latvian Legion 206, 207, 217, 218-21 Latvian National Library, Riga (Castle of Light) 77, 78 Latvian nationalism 4, 75, 164, 183 Latvian police 204 Latvian Riflemen 156 Lauw, Major Woldemar Johann von 63 Leipzig, Germany 82 Lenbach, Franz 237 Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich 9,122,126,130,143,149-51, 153, 174, 230, 242 Leningrad 18, 70, 99, 106, 117, 232, 233 see also St Petersburg Leo XIII, Pope 110
Lermontov, Mikhail 84-5, 214 Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim 191 Lestene church and cemetery, Latvia 219-21, 222, 224 Liepaja (Liban), Latvia 68, 86, 98-107, 102, 116, 137,148,150,153,154,164,191,196,202, 207 Karosta district 101-3 Lieven, Prince Anatoly 156 Lieven, Charlotte von 84 Lieven family 4, 164 Liphardt, Ernst Friedrich 237-8 Liphardt estate 237 Literati 62, 165, 205 Lithuania 13, 25, 36, 47, 56, 100, 110, 152, 166, 191, 210, 222, 229, 248-9, 252 first period of independence 145, 155, 156-7 293 Soviet invasion 5, 162 Soviet occupation 5 see also Polish-Lithuanian empire Litzmann, General Karl-Siegmund 55 Liv (Livonian) language 24, 27 Livadia Palace 254 Livland 62 Livonia 40, 41, 61-2, 85, 191 Livonian Knighthood (Ritterschaft) 39, 151 Livonian Order 36 Lobērgi 145, 146 Loeber, Dietrich André 4-5 London 37, 69, 77, 108, 110, 117, 133, 184, 240, 254 Londonderry, Lady 6-7 Londonderry, Lord 6 Louis XVI 71 Louis XVIII 87 Lübeck 37, 86, 129, 178, 188 Ludendorff, General Erich 148, 173-7, 209 Lugano 178 Lulla, Reet 251-2 Luther, Martin 191 Lutheranism 2, 7, 22, 25, 29, 32, 36, 46, 50, 55, 59, 65, 89, 96,100,102,108, 112, 121, 125-7,129, 150, 152-4, 169, 182, 188-9, 193, 215, 237-8, 243, 254 Lvov, Ukraine 118, 210 McCullagh, Francis 58 Macpherson, James 41 Makart, Hans 64 Malevich, Kazimir 117 Mann, Katia 173 Mann, Thomas 135, 139, 173, 178 Mann brothers 179 Mannerheim, Anastasie 49 Mannerheim, Marshal Carl Gustaf Emil 46-50 Mannerheim, Sophie 49 Manstein, Field Marshal Erich von 112 Manteuffel, Gustav 124 Manteuffel, Hans von 155 Manteuffel family 3—4,86, 87, 261 Mara 124
Mary, Mother of God 124, 127 Mary’s land 32 Maskats, Arturs 208 Maskavas (Moscow) District, Riga 188-9 Massey, Vincent 123 Matisse, Henri 114, 118 Mazur, Tanel 8-11 Mecklenburg 165 Medem, Count von 87 Meinhard, St » 32, 33, 34 Mejmalis, Andrejs 40, 161, 217-21 Mentzendorff, August 4 Mentzendorff House 4, 5 Mentzendorffs 140 Meri, Lennart 227-8, 229, 254 merino sheep 64 Merkel, Garlieb 62, 259 Mesothen 164 Mickiewicz, Adam 25 Middle East 37 Mikhailovsky Castle, St Petersburg 21
294 Index Mila 142 Miłosz, Czesław 25 Milwaukee 126-7 Minsk 118 Mintz, Paul 191 Mitau, Latvia see Jelgava, Latvia Molotov, Vyacheslav 196, 198 Molotov-Ribbentrop pact 5, 162, 187, 196-7, 218, 229 Mongolia 253, 257 Mongols 36 Moravians (German missionary movement) 126,127, 143 More, Thomas 257 Moscow 4, 46, 47, 69, 71, 82, 84, 91, 120, 195, 196, 201, 203, 207, 221, 225, 248 Mothander, Carl 59 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus 162 Mullemaa, Kristina 238—40 Munich 4, 15, 23, 69, 135, 138-9,143, 168, 171-5, 178, 190, 231,232 Munich agreement 49 Murmansk 252 Murray, John 88 Musa Motors 72 Musse, Riga 28, 164, 195 Mussolini, Benito 196 myths of ethnic origin 37-8 Napoleon Bonaparte 13,29,30,46,49,64, 68,80-1, 82, 90,112, 148, 256 Napoleonic Wars 61, 80, 188 Narva, battle of 52, 54, 253 Narva, Estonia 6-12, 13-15, 17, 24, 30, 36, 39, 55, 88, 119, 153, 197, 214-15, 217, 247 Narva River 35 Narva-Jõesuu 12 Natalya 105-7 National Gallery, Riga 70-1, 78 national identity 42, 56 national service 252 National Socialism (Nazism) 179 see also Nazi Party; Nazis nationalism 46, 83-4, 126, 260 Baltic 259 Estonian 53-4, 56, 58, 131, 164, 194 Irish 58 Japanese 104 Latvian 4, 75, 164, 183 Russian 39, 53-4, 67, 92 see also ultra-nationalists nationality, elusive nature 48, 54 NATO see North Atlantic Treaty Organization Nazi Party 13, 174 Nazis 23, 47, 55, 101, 141, 152, 160, 163, 170, 173-5,178-9,193-5,197-8,200,201,203,206, 209, 214, 215, 217, 219, 227, 230-1, 245 Neman River 110 Nena 178, 179 Neolithic sites 40 Nesselrode, Count Karl von 84 Nesterov see Stallupönen Nevsky, Alexander 35-6, 50-1, 102,
238, 240 New York 115, 117-18 Nice 182 Nicholas I 63, 83, 84, 85, 87, 90, 91, 256 Nicholas Π 48, 96, 141, 149, 237-8 Niedra, Pastor Andrievs 108, 154 Nietzsche, Friedrich 117 Nina see Gagarene, Nina Nokkens family 39 Nordstrom, Clara 143-5 Normandy landings 207 Normans 212 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) 7, 13, 56, 80, 229, 247, 248, 249 North Sea 104 Northern Ireland 6, 51 Northern War 18, 46, 100, 141 Norway 126 Novalis 61 Novgorod 35, 36, 37, 212 Oberpahlen, Estonia see Poksama, Estonia Obrok’ system 62 October revolution 173 Oettingens 39 oil 166, 173, 244 Oksanen, Sofi 16 Old Believers 127, 188, 189, 237, 238-40 Otellen manor, Latvia 61, 63, 64, 140, 143, 163, 213 Orthodox Christianity 33, 35, 65, 102, 112, 122, 127,129,132,182,185,188-9,193,238-9,243 see also Russian Orthodox Ösel see Saaremaa Ostland 210-11 Ostmarkenstrasse 170 Ottoman holocaust 230 Ottomans 61, 173 Paddern manor 137, 138 pagans 35, 40-1, 89, 124, 132, 219, 250 see also pre-Christian Baltic world Pahlen, Irmgard Baronin von der 20 Pahlen, Count Peter Ludwig von der 20-2 Pahlen, von der, family 3-4, 17-23, 87 Palanga, Lithuania 100 Paldiski 20 Palermo 185, 186, 242, 244 Palestine 118 Palmse, Estonia 17-23, 21, 87, 134, 232 Paris 237,251 Parker, Dorothy 94 Pärnu 40 Parquet, Colonel du 155, 157 partisans 213, 220 Passau 177 Patavy 110 Päts, Helgi-Alice 227, 229 Päts, Непе 225 Päts, Konstantin 12, 26, 48, 129, 165, 197, 225-8 Päts, Matti 225-9, 228, 235, 246 Päts, Viktor 225 Paul, Jean 61,178 Paul I of Russia 21-2, 68 Pavlovsk camp 18, 70 peasants 58, 62, 85-6, 89-90, 121, 131, 138, 152, 165,
167, 202, 213, 256 Peasants’ War 191
Index Peenemunde 110, 111 Peipsi (Peipus), Lake 35, 51, 238-9, 241 Percy, Thomas 41 Pernau 15 Peter the Great 2, 6, 15, 37, 46, 52, 54, 59, 61, 64, 68, 79-80, 92, 94, 97, 129, 141, 239 Peter П, Emperor 14 Petrograd 233 Pfhal 170, 177 Picasso, Pablo 61 Pilar, André 183—4 Pilchau, Baron André Pilar von 182, 183 Pilsudski, Marshal Józef 25 Pistohlkors, Gert von 39-40 plague 15, 35, 53 Platon Zubov, Prince 68 Plettenberg, Wolter von 29, 36, 142-3 Plonkowo (Applebeck) 199 Plunkett-Ernle-Erle-Drax, Admiral Sir Reginald Ranfurly 195 Pobedonostsev 92 Pobórz 199, 210 pogroms 116, 195 Poland 5,25, 36, 45, 48, 60, 65,101,110,118,121, 123, 153, 162-3, 166, 169, 191, 195, 196, 205, 215 German atrocities 13 German invasion 1940 13, 196 partition 21, 37 and the Second World War 4 Soviet invasion 162 Polish-Lithuanian empire 2, 25, 36, 37, 67, 74, 252 Polio, Helgi 252—4 Poltava, Ukraine 37, 53, 54, 61, 212 Poksama, Estonia (Oberpahlen) 62, 63 Põlva 231 Pomerania. 195 Posen (Poznan), Poland 4, 169, 199-200, 215, 216, 231, 243 ‘Posenitis’ 200 Powell, Anthony, Venusberg 167-8 pre-Christian Baltic world 2, 22 see also pagans Preussisch Eylau, battle of 80 Pridham, Geoffrey 45 Pringsheim, Alfred 173 Protestants 2, 7, 61, 168 see also Lutheranism Prussia 20, 37, 65, 86, 110, 143, 149, 177, 245 see also East Prussia Pskov 35, 36, 117, 153, 183, 240 Pumpurs, Andrejs 42 Pushkin, Alexander 64, 83, 163, 184 Putin, Vladimir 248 Raadi, Tartu 236-7 Radcliffe, Maud 95-6 Radcliffe, Rodney 98 Rahden, Baroness Edita 91-2 Rainis 120, 164 Rakvere 23, 30, 210 Ransom, Arthur 51 Rapallo, treaty of 164 Rasputin
156 Rastrelli (architect) 69, 87 295 Rayküll 164 Red Army 8,11,15, 20, 31, 46, 47, 55, 75, 84, 100, 112, 120, 123, 133—4, 162, 169, 194, 196, 197, 203, 206-7, 209, 213, 215, 216, 220, 225, 231, 241, 243, 245, 248, 255 conscripts 253 veterans 217 ‘volunteers’ 16 Red Cross 165 Reek, Colonel 157 Reet see Lulla, Reet Reformation 25 refugees 165, 193, 198, 216, 242 Regen, Bavaria 144, 167, 168-71, 177-9 Regensburg 215 Reichstag 197 Rembrandt 117-18 Reval, Estonia see Tallin, Estonia Rēzekne 122^1, 122, 126-8, 158 anti-Semitic riots 1920 189 Rēzekne Castle 30 Rhineland 195 Ribbentrop, Joachim von 196 Riesener 71 Riess, Rolf 168, 177, 178 Riga, Latvia 4, 6, 9, 15, 24, 28-33, 36, 39, 40, 41, 46, 49, 56, 58, 59, 69-71, 72, 74-8, 85, 90, 91, 94-8, 108, 112, 115, 119-21, 123, 124, 140-4, 148-51, 153, 155-8, 161, 163, 164, 166, 173, 174,183, 185, 187-95, 197-8, 201, 202, 204-8, 210-11, 214, 215, 217-19, 221-4, 225, 231, 243-4, 261 and the 1905 uprising 172 old town 1, 2 post-Soviet 5 revival 79, 81-2, 81 riots 1920 189 Rigby, Elizabeth 88-90 Rilke, Rainer Maria 135, 214 Ritterhaus, Riga 96 Ritterschaft (Knighthood) 261 Courland 69-70 Estonian 241 Livonian 39, 151 Rohrbach, Paul 144 Rokiškis manor 110 Roman Catholic Church 34, 40, 124-5, 126, 245 Roman Catholicism 25, 36, 58, 108, 112, 121, 126, 132, 133, 168, 185, 193, 199, 203-4, 237 Romania 196, 205 Romanovs 84, 149, 174 Romans 177 Rome 35, 185,211, 242 Roosevelt, Theodore 254 Rosen, Baroness Gertrude de 88 Rosen, Baroness Maria Justina de 88 Rosen, Claus von 200, 201, 209, 216 Rosen, Detlev von 216 Rosen Declaration 22 Rosenberg,
Alfred 174, 175-6, 209, 215, 227 Rostock 37, 99, 150, 188 Rothko, Christopher 115, 116, 119 Rothko, Kate 115, 116, 117, 119 Rothko, Mark 31, 108, 109, 110, 111, 113-18, 119
2^6 Index Rothko family 114-16 Rothkowitz, Jacob 113 Royal Navy 153, 154 Rozhestvensky, Sinoij Petrovich 103-4 Rozkalne, leva 108-10, 112 Rumbula 192, 204 Rumene manor house 108-10 Rundāle, palace of, Latvia 67-72, 73, 78, 220 Russia 2, 5, 6-8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 32, 37, 39^0, 51, 53-6, 60, 62, 64-5, 68, 72, 74, 79-80, 88, 90-2, 94, 96, 98-100, 103-6, 110, 112, 120-1, 126, 131, 133, 136, 138,141, 144, 148-50, 153, 155, 161-3,166-7,172-3,182,188,193,195-6,200, 209, 225, 230, 238, 244-6 brutality 161 and Finland 46, 49-50 and the persecution of the Jews 191 and religious persecution 239 and trade 37 two souls of 212 western 151, 212 see also Soviet Union Russian army 14, 19, 58, 79-80, 90, 116, 130-1, 144, 172, 183 Russian cemetery, Vaivara 11-12, 15 Russian empire 6, 21, 45, 80, 89, 90-2, 101, 115, 149, 173, 187, 248, 262 Russian Finland 6 Russian frontier 6 Russian gangsters 16 Russian nationalism 39, 53-4, 67, 92 Russian navy, Baltic Fleet 103-4 Russian Orthodox 29, 35, 129, 182, 185, 193, 243 Russian revolution 1917 19, 47, 48, 74, 104, 172, 232,238 Russification 39, 65, 92, 235, 242 Russo-Japanese War 103-5 Ruzina 125, 128 rye 37, 64 Saaremaa (formerly Ösel) 30, 40, 62, 148-9, 250-2, 254 St Meinhard’s church 31, 32, 33—4 St Nicholas’s Church, Tallinn 50, 52, 53, 89, 129 St Petersburg 8, 10, 18-21, 29, 39, 50, 58, 63, 65, 69, 71, 74, 83-4, 87-8, 91-2, 96, 100, 104,114, 117, 131-2, 142, 149, 153, 156, 173, 178, 183, 237-8, 257 Salaspils prison camp 30, 32 Saleniece, Irene 121 Salomon, Ernst von 151-2, 159, 163 Samarin, Juri 90-2 Sangaste manor 240 Saxony 36, 65, 232 Lower 110
Scandinavia 5, 123 Shantsyn, Fedor 7-8 Schaper, Edzard 259 Scheubner-Richter, Mathilde 172-3 Scheubner-Richter, Max Erwin von 172-8,176, 230 Schiemann, Lotte 205, 206-8 Schiemann, Paul 205-8, 217 Schiller, Friedrich 143, 191, 259 Schinkel (architect) 83 Schirren, Carl 65, 92 Schloss Höhnscheid 261 Schmidt family 235 Schnurbein, Barbara von 168-9, 177, 180-1, 245 School of Wisdom, Darmstadt 164 Schücking, Lothar Engelbert 148-9 Schutzstaffel (SS) И, 12,13,14,200,202,204, 210, 218 Schwabing, Munich 138, 171 Schwerin, Germany 20 Second World War 4, 7-8, 11, 12-15, 20, 23, 31, 34,45-8,55-6, 60, 69, 75, 84,111-12,124,129, 141, 162-3, 180, 189, 192, 194-201, 202-7, 209-16, 217-20, 222-3, 231, 236, 242, 244, 251-2, 253, 254, 255, 259, 261 Sēfrenss, Nikolajs 220 Segewold (Sigulda) 85 serfs 18, 22, 23, 25, 37, 39, 41, 59, 62, 85, 86, 89, 256 Seume, Ara 186 sex songs 43-4 shale-oil 11, 12, 55 Shlisselburg Fortress 256 Shuvalov, Count Andrei 68 Shuvalov, Piotr 68 Shuvalovs 69 Siberia 43, 68, 75, 76, 90, 91, 95, 141, 146, 161, 192, 194, 209, 220, 232, 253-5 Sicily 184-6, 187, 201, 242, 243 Sievers family 29 Sigulda 30, 85, 164 Silesia 36, 153, 163, 231 Simenon, George 166-7 Simplicissimus (magazine) 168 Sinnimae (Blue Hills) 14, 15 Šķēde 101 Skultans, Viedä 45, 260 slavery 23, 33, 37, 40, 42, 85, 111, 213 Slavs 40, 197 Smiltene 145, 146, 212 Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr 257 Sommer, Zoe 183, 185, 186 Sorge, Richard 72 Souffrens, Nicolas 100 Soviet army 252 Soviet empire 168, 224 Soviet navy 247 Soviet Union 1, 5, 9, 17, 25-30, 31, 33, 45, 46, 69, 71, 72, 74-6, 79-80, 83, 99, 101, 102-3, 106,
108-10,112-13,119-23,125,129-30,134,146, 160, 165, 178, 180-1, 186, 189, 192, 194, 203, 208, 210, 211-12, 214, 217-19 and Afghanistan 227 deportation policy 194, 198, 218, 219, 255 fall of 229, 253 and farming 221 and the First World War 152-3 German atrocities 1941 13 German invasion 1941 46-7, 201 invasion of Estonia 8, 27-8, 162, 210 and the invasion of Latvia 4, 5, 69, 75, 207 and the occupation of Estonia 5, 7-9, 15, 16, 18, 20, 25, 26, 54-7, 129-30, 134, 197, 199, 201, 225-9, 232-4, 235, 236, 238, 239, 247-8, 250-6, 261-2
Index and the occupation of Latvia 1, 5, 9, 26, 29, 33, 67, 69-72, 74, 75-6, 79-80, 99-103, 106, 108-10, 112-13, 119-25, 140, 146, 161, 178, 190, 192, 194, 196, 197, 201, 208, 211-12, 217-19, 221-4, 225 and oil 166 and the Molotov-Ribbentrop pact 5, 162, 187, 196-7, 218, 229 and the Second World War 8, 14, 46-8, 69, 195-8, 201, 206-7, 218, 220, 222-3 terror policy 161, 163, 185, 219 and the Treaty of Rapallo 164 see also Russia Spain 101, 191 Spanish Civil War 13 Spanish flu outbreak 150 spices 37 Spodris, Gunārs 122-3, 124-5, 127, 145, 147, 182, 262 Spodris, Viktoria 122-3, 124-5, 127 SS see Schutzstafŕel Stackeiberg, Camilla von 165, 166 Stackeiberg family 4, 253 Staden, Berndt von 166, 195, 197, 199, 201, 209, 210, 241 Staden, Ricko von 165, 166 Staden family 165, 166 Stalin, Josef 5, 7, 8, 26, 27-8, 45, 47, 48, 59, 72, 119, 122, 162, 185, 188, 193, 195-6, 198, 201, 206, 213, 223, 226, 238, 247 anti-Semitism 117, 207 death 15, 100, 203, 227 Estonia’s capitulation to 228, 229 and the Gulag 239 plans to invade Germany 218 and Yalta 254 Stalingrad 209,213,218-19 Stallupönen (now Nesterov) 12, 15 Stāmeriena (formerly Stomersee) manor 182-7,184, 201, 209, 210-11,242, 243 Stanford 4 Stauffenberg, Claus von 230 Stauffenberg plot 210, 215, 230 Steiner, General Felix 12-16, 214, 231, 249, 253 Stenbock, Count Eric 131-3, 135 Stenbock, Count Karl Magnus 130-1, 132 Stenbock family 130-5, 137, 232, 233 Stifter, Adalbert 178 Stockholm 46, 144 Stolypin, Pyotr 141 Stomersee manor see Stāmeriena manor ‘Stone-Age, Madonna, The’ 24 Strandmann, Arvid von 149-51 Strandmann, Ellinor von 150
Strandmann, Erica von 140-1, 149-50 Strandmann, Otto von 150 Strandmann family 4, 261 Strasdenhof 156-7 Stroganov, Count Alexander 87 Stroganov, Gregory 87 Stroganov, Marianne 87 Studzionka 214 Sudetenland 180 Suez Canal 103 Suits, Gustav 236 297 šuplinska, Ilga 124 Suwałki gap, Poland 45 Sweden 2-3, 6, 9, 20, 25, 34, 36-7, 45-6, 46, 48, 52-5, 59, 64-5, 74, 80, 100-1, 110, 126, 133, 140-1, 207, 216, 225, 227, 236, 239^10, 245, 250, 252, 255 Swinemünde 99 Switzerland 48, 197 Symons, A. J. 133 Tabaka, Maija 71-2 Tallents, Stephen 157, 160 Tallinn (previously Reval), Estonia 5, 9, 15, 17-20, 24,28,30-1, 36, 50-4, 50, 56-7, 58-9, 85, 88-9, 103, 129-32, 143, 153, 161-2, 164-7, 194-5, 199,201,209-10,214-16,225-7,229,235,237, 241, 246-8, 251-2, 254-5, 258, 261-2 Tallinn Cathedral (Alexander Nevsky) 3, 3, 50-1, 129, 248 Talsis 203 Tammsaare, Anton Hansen 215, 246 Tampere, Finland 47 Tannenberg 36 Tannenberg Line 14 Tarkovsky, Andrei 261-3 Tartars 159 Tartu (Dorpat/Jurjev), Estonia 9, 15, 30, 37, 40, 45, 51, 58, 65, 87, 92,137,140,143, 212, 215, 231, 232, 235-7, 238, 240, 245, 256 Tartu University 9-10, 232, 235-6, 253, 255-6 Taube, Otto von 138 Taube family 4 Teterev, Boris 72-3 Teutonic Knights 2, 27, 29, 36, 42, 51, 54, 67, 74, 86, 129, 191 Thaden, Ulrike von 162 Theiss, Frank 103 Thieme, Hennie 114-15 Third Reich 4, 9,148,162,197,199-201, 213, 231, 233 Thirty Years War 152, 195 Tiesenhausen 4 Tiesenhausen, Georg von 111-12 Tiesenhausen castle 110 Tiesenhausen family 110-11 Tiesenhausen trail 110 Tiesenhausen-Przezdziecka, Countess Maria 110 timber 37, 55, 64 Togo, Admiral
Heihachiro 104 Tolly, Barclay de 45, 64, 80—4, 81, 97, 98, 112, 236 Tolstoy, Leo 46, 62, 80, 111, 148, 184, 240 Torretta, Marquess of 183, 184 Totenhafen see Gotenhafen trade 2, 37, 40, 68, 74, 164, 166, 235, 250 Transylvania 73 Trasuns, Francis 126 Trotsky, Leon 51, 151, 174, 230 Tsarskoe Seloe palace, near Leningrad 18, 70 Tsushima 103, 104 Tucholsky 179 Turgenev, Ivan 60, 61, 62, 132, 135, 163, 235 Turkey 20, 101, 118 Ottoman 61 Turks 173,230
շ^8 index Ukraine 39, 50, 61, 82, 130, 173 Ulmanis, Karlis 26, 48, 75, 154, 157, 194,197, 198, 206, 225-6 Ulrich 168-9, 177, 180 Ulster 58 Ultima Thule 51 ultra-nationalists 166 Undusk, Jaan 39, 138, 258-9 Ungern-Sternberg, Nils 199 Ungern-Sternberg family 4, 253, 261 United Kingdom 46 see also Britain United States 9, 45, 73-4, 76, 88, 111-12, 115, 126-7, 152, 217-18, 223, 241, 248, 252 Urals 192, 226-7, 229, 231, 255 V2 rockets 111 Vaivara, Estonia 11-12, 15, 16, 218, 246 Valdemars, Krišjānis 42 Valhalla, Regensburg 29, 84 Valmiera, Latvia 161 Valmiera (Wolmar), Latvia 30, 37, 143, 145, 161, 164 Vedasi 110 Vegesack, Christoph von 169, 170 Vegesack, Clara von 168, 170, 171, 178, 214, 245 Vegesack, Gotthard Otto von (Siegfried’s rather) 147 Vegesack, Gotthard von (Siegfried’s brother) 145, 169, 212 Vegesack, Gotthard von (Siegfried’s son) 170, 178, 212, 215, 245 Vegesack, Isabel von 144, 170, 178 Vegesack, Jella von 170, 212, 215, 245 Vegesack, Manfred von 169, 170, 212, 215 Vegesack, Siegfried von 26-8, 60-2, 64-5, 82, 138, 141-7, 167, 168-71, 177-9, 209, 211-16, 211, 244-5, 259 Vegesack family 261 Veichtner, Franz Adam 71 Venice 135 Ventspils 24, 166 Versailles, treaty of 13, 156 Vestermanis, Marģers 189-92, 202-3, 208, 220, 226 Vestermanis family 192-3 Victoria, Queen 65, 98 Victory Park Metro station, Moscow 84 Viedä see Skultans, Viedä Vienna 69, 137, 138, 183 Vienna, Congress of 82 Vihula Manor 17, 134 Vikings 40 Vīlips, Pāvils 193 Vilnius 82, 110 Visby 32 Vistula 25 Vitebsk district, Russia 110, 113, 115, 117, 153 Võisiku 256 Volga region 227 Völkischer Beobachter
(Nazi newspaper) 179 Volkssturm (Home Guard) 215 Volz, August 79 von and von der see under the last name Vorkuta, Siberia 117, 232 Wagner, Richard 77, 94, 95, 142, 143, 173, 178 Warhol, Andy 118 Warnemünde 150 Warsaw 199 Wartenburg, Peter Yorck von 215 Warthegau, Poland 162, 169, 187, 197-200, 210, 212, 231, 243, 261 Wehrmacht 47-8, 218 Weimar Republic 82, 175 Wenden, Latvia see Cēsis, Latvia West Germany see German Federal Republic Westphalia 17, 36, 37, 64, 143 wheat 37, 64 White Russians 47, 69, 151-3, 156, 157, 165, 193, 193-4, 196 Wilde, Oscar 133 Wilde, Peter Ernst 62-3 William II, Emperor 150 William of Modena 35 Windau (Ventspils) 196 Wisconsin 218 Wistinghausen, Henning von 18, 229-34 Wistinghausen, Monique von 230 Wistinghausen family 229-30 Wolff, Alexandra (Licy) von (later Princess Lampedusa) 182, 183-7, 184, 201, 209, 210-11, 242-3 Wolff, Lolette von 182, 242, 243 Wolff barons 61-2 Wolff֊Stomersee, Baron 182, 183 Wolmar, Latvia see Valmiera, Latvia World Stage (journal) 168 Wrangell, Wilhelm, Baron 194,195,198-9,230,241 Wrangell family 4, 63-4, 198-9, 261 Yad Vashem, Israel 208 Yalta conference 1945 254 Yeats, W. B. 131, 133 Yeltsin, Boris 247 Yermolov, General Aleksey 85 Yudenich, General Nikolai 156 Zaletilo, Farida 114—16 Zeppelin, Count Ferdinand 144 Zhdanov 198 Zierau manor 86-7 Zurich 178 Zweig, Arnold 148
Contents List of Illustrations ix Map x A Baltic Gazetteer xii A Selective Baltic Chronology xvii 1. Our Shared Riga i 2. Pearl of the East 6 3. Museum of Power ιγ 4. Faith on the Frontier 24 5. Archives of the People 39 6. The City on a Hill 4y 7. Glamour Misery y 8 8. The Baltic Versailles 67 9. Visitors 79 10. Imperial Echo 93 11. I take no sides 108 12. Different Gods 119 13. Civilization 129
viii Contents 14. I fight for the Tsar 140 15. The New Crusaders 148 16. Scattered Leaves 161 17. The Coup 172 18. North and South 182 19. Last Witnesses 188 20. You cannot choose your Liberator 202 21. Homecoming 20p 22. My Sweet Lestene 21y 23. Grandchildren 22y 24. Borders of History 235 25. Forbidden Zone 2y 0 Notes 26y Bibliography 276 Acknowledgements 286 Index 288
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Egremont, Max 1948- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)172067383 |
| author_facet | Egremont, Max 1948- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Egremont, Max 1948- |
| author_variant | m e me |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV047957442 |
| contents | Our shared Riga -- Pearl of the east -- Museum of power -- Faith on the frontier -- Archives of the people -- The city on a hill -- Glamour & misery -- The Baltic Versailles -- Visitors -- Imperial echo -- I take no sides -- Different gods -- Civilization -- I fight for the Tsar -- The new crusaders -- Scattered leaves -- The coup -- North and South -- Last witnesses -- You cannot choose your liberator -- Homecoming -- My sweet Lestene -- Grandchildren -- Borders of history -- Forbidden zone |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)1334051592 (DE-599)BVBBV047957442 |
| edition | First American edition |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>04040nam a2200661 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV047957442</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20220610 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t|</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">220427s2022 xx a||| |||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780374163457</subfield><subfield code="9">978-0-374-16345-7</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)1334051592</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV047957442</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rda</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">OST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">HIST</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="2">fid</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Egremont, Max</subfield><subfield code="d">1948-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)172067383</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">The glass wall</subfield><subfield code="b">lives on the Baltic frontier</subfield><subfield code="c">Max Egremont</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="246" ind1="1" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Lives on the Baltic frontier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="246" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Lives on the Baltic frontier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="250" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">First American edition</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">New York</subfield><subfield code="b">Farrar, Straus and Giroux</subfield><subfield code="c">2022</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xviii, 300 Seiten</subfield><subfield code="b">Illustrationen, Karte</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"Originally published in 2021 by Picador, Great Britain.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="505" ind1="8" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Our shared Riga -- Pearl of the east -- Museum of power -- Faith on the frontier -- Archives of the people -- The city on a hill -- Glamour & misery -- The Baltic Versailles -- Visitors -- Imperial echo -- I take no sides -- Different gods -- Civilization -- I fight for the Tsar -- The new crusaders -- Scattered leaves -- The coup -- North and South -- Last witnesses -- You cannot choose your liberator -- Homecoming -- My sweet Lestene -- Grandchildren -- Borders of history -- Forbidden zone</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"Max Egremont, author of Some Desperate Glory, tells stories from the 'Glass Wall' between Europe and Asia"--</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">"The Glass Wall features an extraordinary cast of characters--contemporary and historical, foreign and indigenous--who have lived and fought in the Baltic, western Europe's easternmost stronghold. Too often the destiny of this region has seemed to be to serve as the front line in other people's wars. By telling the stories of warriors and victims, of philosophers and barons, of poets and artists, of rebels and emperors, and of others who lived through years of turmoil and violence, Max Egremont sets forth a brilliant account of a long-overlooked region, on a frontier whose limits may still be in doubt." --</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="648" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="651" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Baltikum</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4004379-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Baltic States / History</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Germans / Baltic States / History</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Russians / Baltic States / History</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Baltic States / History / German occupation, 1941-1944</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Baltic States / History / Soviet occupation, 1939-1941</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Egremont, Max / 1948- / Travel / Baltic States</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">HISTORY / Europe / Eastern</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Egremont, Max / 1948-</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Germans</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Russians</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Travel</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Baltic States</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">1939-1944</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="6"><subfield code="a">History</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Baltikum</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4004379-4</subfield><subfield code="D">g</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Geschichte</subfield><subfield code="A">z</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033338700&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Literaturverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033338700&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Register // Gemischte Register</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung BSB München - ADAM Catalogue Enrichment</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033338700&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="n">oe</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="940" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="q">BSB_NED_20220610</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="942" ind1="1" ind2="1"><subfield code="c">306.09</subfield><subfield code="e">22/bsb</subfield><subfield code="g">479</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033338700</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| geographic | Baltikum (DE-588)4004379-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Baltikum |
| id | DE-604.BV047957442 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T19:33:28Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780374163457 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-033338700 |
| oclc_num | 1334051592 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | xviii, 300 Seiten Illustrationen, Karte |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20220610 |
| publishDate | 2022 |
| publishDateSearch | 2022 |
| publishDateSort | 2022 |
| publisher | Farrar, Straus and Giroux |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Egremont, Max 1948- The glass wall lives on the Baltic frontier Our shared Riga -- Pearl of the east -- Museum of power -- Faith on the frontier -- Archives of the people -- The city on a hill -- Glamour & misery -- The Baltic Versailles -- Visitors -- Imperial echo -- I take no sides -- Different gods -- Civilization -- I fight for the Tsar -- The new crusaders -- Scattered leaves -- The coup -- North and South -- Last witnesses -- You cannot choose your liberator -- Homecoming -- My sweet Lestene -- Grandchildren -- Borders of history -- Forbidden zone |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4004379-4 |
| title | The glass wall lives on the Baltic frontier |
| title_alt | Lives on the Baltic frontier |
| title_auth | The glass wall lives on the Baltic frontier |
| title_exact_search | The glass wall lives on the Baltic frontier |
| title_full | The glass wall lives on the Baltic frontier Max Egremont |
| title_fullStr | The glass wall lives on the Baltic frontier Max Egremont |
| title_full_unstemmed | The glass wall lives on the Baltic frontier Max Egremont |
| title_short | The glass wall |
| title_sort | the glass wall lives on the baltic frontier |
| title_sub | lives on the Baltic frontier |
| topic_facet | Baltikum |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033338700&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033338700&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=033338700&sequence=000005&line_number=0003&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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