The emergence of subjectivity in the ancient and medieval world: an interpretation of western civilization
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Oxford
Oxford University Press
2020
|
| Edition: | First edition |
| Subjects: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031860915&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031860915&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Physical Description: | xiv, 399 Seiten 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 0198854358 9780198854357 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents Introduction: The Humanities—Questions of Identity and Difference 0.1 Defining the Humanities 0.1.1 Content: The Subject Matter of the Humanities 0.1.2 Form: The Methodology of the Humanities 0.2 The Human Mind and Its Objectification 0.3 The Contribution of the Present Study 0.3.1 A Philosophical Approach to Western Civilization 0.3.2 The Notion of Subjectivity 1 4 4 6 8 10 10 13 The Epic of Gilgamesh 1.1 The Initial Description of Gilgamesh and Uruk 1.2 Enkidu and the Story of the Fall 1.3 The Battle with Humbaba 1.4 The Death of Enkidu and the Nature of the Gods 1.5 Gilgamesh’s Journey 1.6 The Flood 1.7 Immortality Lost 1.8 The Mesopotamians’ Pessimistic World-View 1.9 Nature, Civilization, and Human Agency 19 23 25 29 32 35 38 41 43 44 The Hebrew Bible: Genesis and the Book of Job 2.1 The Creation: The Conception of God 2.2 The Creation: The Conception of Human Beings 2.3 The Fall 2.4 The Flood 2.5 The Tower of Babel 2.6 The Problem of Justice in Job 2.7 The Pessimistic World-View in Job 2.8 The Legal Metaphor in Job 2.9 The Incongruities in the Work 2.10 The Protest against the Gods 2.11 The Limited Conception of Individuality 47 51 55 57 60 62 65 68 70 71 73 74 Homer’s Odyssey 3.1 The Story and Structure of the Odyssey 3.2 Odysseus and Kalypso 3.3 The Lotus-Eaters 3.4 The Cyclops 3.5 Circe 77 79 81 86 90 95
xii CONTENTS 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 The Underworld The Sirens The Warrior Ethic The Greek View of Human Nature 98 104 106 108 4. Herodotus’ Histories 4.1 Scholarly History Versus Mythology 4.2 The Story of Gyges 4.3 Solon and Croesus 4.4 The Relativity of Values 4.5 The Story of Polycrates and Nemesis 4.6 The Debate about the Best Form of Government 4.7 Xerxes’ Plans to Invade Greece 4.8 Xerxes at the Hellespont 4.9 Justice as a Matter of Balance 110 112 116 118 122 125 127 130 132 135 5. Sophocles’ Oedipus the King 5.1 The Search for Knowledge 5.2 Self-Knowledge and the Riddle of the Sphinx 5.3 Natural Law Versus Relativism 5.4 Human Agency and Culpability 5.5 The Inevitability of Fate 5.6 Greek Ethics 5.7 Judging the Human Condition 5.8 The Unquestioned Value of Science and Knowledge 5.9 Fate and the Good Life 139 141 147 149 152 154 156 158 159 159 6. Thucydides’ History of the Peloponnesian War 6.1 Thucydides’Goal and Method 6.2 Pericles’ Funeral Oration 6.3 The Plague in Athens 6.4 The Political Repercussions for Pericles 6.5 The Revolt in Corcyra 6.6 The Melian Dialogue 6.7 Human Nature and Ethics 7. Plato’s Gorgias and Apology 7.1 The Gorgias: Gallides’ Argument 7.2 Socrates’Refutation of the Arguments of Callides 7.3 A Mythological View of Judgment and Life after Death 7.4 Socrates’Divine Mission 7.5 Socrates, the Gods, and the Daimon 7.6 Socrates’Defense of Philosophy 7.7 Socrates as the Gadfly of Athens 7.8 Socrates on the Nature of Death and a New Conception of the Self 7.9 The New Role of Subjectivity 163 165 170 175 178 180 183 187 189 191 195 197 201 204 206 209 211
213
CONTENTS ХІІІ 8. Aristotle’s Politics 8.1 Introduction to the Politics 8.2 The Nature of Human Beings and the State 8.3 The Institution of Slavery 8.4 The Other Relations of the Household 8.5 Political Science and the Forms of Government 8.6 Democracy and Oligarchy 8.7 The Best Form of Government 8.8 The Limitations of Empiricism 8.9 Aristotle’s Refutation of the Split between Nature and Law 216 9. Virgil’s Aeneid 9.1 The Fall of Troy 9.2 Dido 9.3 The Struggle Between Duty and Inclination 9.4 Tartarus and the Question of Divine Justice 9.5 Elysium 9.6 Anchises’Anticipation of Roman History 9.7 The Shield of Aeneas 9.8 The Discovery of Inwardness 236 238 242 245 248 251 254 256 259 218 220 223 226 227 228 230 233 234 10. Seneca’s Moral Letters 10.1 Introduction to Seneca’s Moral Letters 10.2 Living According to Nature 10.3 The Retreat to the Inward Sphere 10.4 The Cultivation of the Inward Virtues 10.5 Stoic Indifference and Self-Sufficiency 10.6 The Stoic Conception of God and Human Beings 10.7 Seneca’s Conception of Equality 10.8 Providence and Divine Justice 10.9 Seneca’s Modern Relevance 261 264 266 268 271 273 277 278 280 283 11. The New Testament: Matthew 11.1 Introduction to the Gospel of Matthew 11.2 Criticism of the Greco-Roman Warrior Ethic 11.3 The Inversion of Values 11.4 The Development of Inwardness 11.5 Christianity and Judaism 11.6 Jesus’ Miracles: The Relation to Nature 11.7 The Notion of Offense 11.8 The Messiah and the Kingdom of Heaven 11.9 Nietzsche’s Criticism of Christian Ethics 286 289 292 294 297 299 301 305 307 309 12. Augustine’s City of God 12.1
Augustine and Virgil 12.2 The Fall of Rome and the Gods 12.3 Augustine’s Philosophy of History 312 314 316 318
XIV CONTENTS 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 12.8 12.9 A New Conception of Ethics and the Expansion of Sinfulness A New Conception of the Origin of Evil Augustine’s Theodicy The Prohibition of Suicide Augustine’s Critical Evaluation of Roman Decadence The Struggle for Meaning 319 320 322 324 325 327 13. Dante’s Inferno 13.1 Dante’s Hell and the Under worlds of Homer and Virgil 13.2 The Beginning of the Work 13.3 Divine Justice 13.4 Divine Punishment 13.5 The Changed Role of Pity 13.6 The Virtuous Pagans 13.7 The Changed Role of the Body 13.8 A New Role for Odysseus 13.9 Understanding the Role of Humans in the Universe 330 333 334 337 338 340 342 344 348 350 14. The Dialectic of the Ancient and Modern Principles: Homer and the Internet 14.1 Content and Form in the Notion of Subjectivity 14.2 Alienation 14.3 The Modern Struggle to Establish Self-Identity 14.4 Narcissism and Overcoming the Limitations of Time and Space 14.5 The Creation oflllusory Identities and the Erosion of the Other 14.6 The Rise of Relativism and the Disappearance of Truth 14.7 The Perceived Threat and the Creation of the Opposite Principle 14.8 The Need for a Balance 352 353 356 359 361 365 368 371 373 Bibliography for Further Reading Index ofNames Index of Subjects У77 391 396
The Emergence ofSubjectivity in the Ancient and Medieval World: An Interpretation ofWestern Civilization represents a combination ofdifferent genres: cultural history, philosophical anthropology, and textbook. It follows a handful ofdifferent but interrelated themes through more than a dozen texts that were written over a period ofseveral millennia and, by means ofan analysis ofthese texts, presents a theory ofthe development of Western civilization from antiquity to the Middle Ages. The main line of argument traces the various self-conceptions ofdifferent cultures as they developed historically, reflecting different views ofwhat it is to be human. The thesis ofthe volume is that through examination of these changes we can discern the gradual emergence of what we today call inwardness, subjectivity, and individual freedom. As human civilization took its first tenuous steps, it had a very limited conception ofthe individual. Instead, the dominant principle was that of the wider group: the family, clan, or people. Only in the course ofhistory did the idea ofwhat we now know as individuality begin to emerge, and it took millennia for this idea to be fully recognized and developed. The conception ofhuman beings as having a sphere of inwardness and subjectivity subsequendy had a sweeping impact on all aspects of culture, including philosophy, religion, law, and art : indeed, this notion largely constitutes what is today referred to as modernity. It is easy to lose sight ofthe fret that this modern conception ofhuman subjectivity was not simply something given, but rather the
result ofa long process ofhistorical and cultural development.
|
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| era | Geschichte Anfänge-1500 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte Anfänge-1500 |
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| indexdate | 2024-12-20T18:52:29Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0198854358 9780198854357 |
| language | English |
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| physical | xiv, 399 Seiten 24 cm |
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| publishDate | 2020 |
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| publisher | Oxford University Press |
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| spellingShingle | Stewart, Jon 1961- The emergence of subjectivity in the ancient and medieval world an interpretation of western civilization Subjektivität (DE-588)4058323-5 gnd Zivilisation (DE-588)4067906-8 gnd |
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| title | The emergence of subjectivity in the ancient and medieval world an interpretation of western civilization |
| title_auth | The emergence of subjectivity in the ancient and medieval world an interpretation of western civilization |
| title_exact_search | The emergence of subjectivity in the ancient and medieval world an interpretation of western civilization |
| title_full | The emergence of subjectivity in the ancient and medieval world an interpretation of western civilization Jon Stewart |
| title_fullStr | The emergence of subjectivity in the ancient and medieval world an interpretation of western civilization Jon Stewart |
| title_full_unstemmed | The emergence of subjectivity in the ancient and medieval world an interpretation of western civilization Jon Stewart |
| title_short | The emergence of subjectivity in the ancient and medieval world |
| title_sort | the emergence of subjectivity in the ancient and medieval world an interpretation of western civilization |
| title_sub | an interpretation of western civilization |
| topic | Subjektivität (DE-588)4058323-5 gnd Zivilisation (DE-588)4067906-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Subjektivität Zivilisation |
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