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Runner and gating design handbook: tools for successful injection molding

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Beteilige Person:	Beaumont, John P. 1952- (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Munich Hanser Publishers [2019] Cincinnati Hanser Publications [2019]
Ausgabe:	3rd edition
Schlagwörter:	Heißkanalverfahren Anguss Werkstoffgerechtes Konstruieren Spritzgießwerkzeug Hardback )Paper over boards Gates Heißkanaltechnik Hot runner Injection molding Kunststofftechnik Melt Flipper Mold design Mold making Molds Plastics Runners Spritzgießen Sprue Werkzeugbau FBKTSPRI: Spritzgießen FBKTWZBA: Werkzeugbau PLAS2019 00600 85590 55900 1687: Hardcover, Softcover / Technik/Chemische Technik
Links:	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031597180&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
Umfang:	XX, 450 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 25 cm
ISBN:	9781569905906 1569905908

Internformat

MARC


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245	1	0	\|a Runner and gating design handbook \|b tools for successful injection molding \|c John P. Beaumont
250			\|a 3rd edition
264		1	\|a Munich \|b Hanser Publishers \|c [2019]
264		1	\|a Cincinnati \|b Hanser Publications \|c [2019]
264		4	\|c © 2019
300			\|a XX, 450 Seiten \|b Illustrationen, Diagramme \|c 25 cm
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653			\|a Hardback
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653			\|a Anguss
653			\|a Gates
653			\|a Heißkanaltechnik
653			\|a Hot runner
653			\|a Injection molding
653			\|a Kunststofftechnik
653			\|a Melt Flipper
653			\|a Mold design
653			\|a Mold making
653			\|a Molds
653			\|a Plastics
653			\|a Runners
653			\|a Spritzgießen
653			\|a Sprue
653			\|a Werkzeugbau
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653			\|a FBKTWZBA: Werkzeugbau
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Datensatz im Suchindex

DE-BY-TUM_call_number	0702 CIT 735f 2007 A 8831(3)
DE-BY-TUM_katkey	2437267
DE-BY-TUM_location	07
DE-BY-TUM_media_number	040009426759
_version_	1821934057820258304
adam_text	CONTENTS PREFACE ............................................................................................................. V ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ........................................................................................... IX 1 OVERVIEW OF RUNNERS, GATES, AND GATE POSITIONING .......................... 1 1.1 PRIMARY PARTING PLANE RUNNERS ....................................................................... 1 1.2 SUB RUNNERS ...................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 COLD SUB RUNNERS ................................................................................. 2 1.2.2 HOT SUB RUNNERS ................................................................................. 4 1.3 HYBRID SUB-RUNNER AND PARTING LINE RUNNER ................................................. 5 1.4 GATE DESIGNS ...................................................................................................... 5 2 RHEOLOGY AND MELT FLOW IN AN INJECTION MOLD ..................................... 7 2.1 LAMINAR VS. TURBULENT FLOW ............................................................................... 8 2.2 FOUNTAIN FLOW .................................................................................................... 10 2.3 FACTORS AFFECTING VISCOSITY ............................................................................... 10 2.3.1 COMMON VISCOSITY MODELS ................................................................. 12 2.3.2 NON-NEWTONIAN FLUIDS ......................................................................... 14 2.3.3 TEMPERATURE ......................................................................................... 17 2.3.4 PRESSURE ................................................................................................ 17 2.4 MELT COMPRESSIBILITY ......................................................................................... 18 2.5 MELT FLOW CHARACTERIZATION ............................................................................... 19 2.5.1 MELT FLOW INDEX ................................................................................... 19 2.5.2 CAPILLARY RHEOMETERS ........................................................................... 20 2.5.3 NOZZLE RHEOMETERS ............................................................................... 25 2.6 MELT FLOW IN A MOLD .......................................................................................... 26 2.6.1 SPIRAL FLOW MOLDS ................................................................................. 27 2.6.2 INJECTION MOLDING SIMULATION ............................................................. 28 2.6.3 MOLDOMETER .......................................................................................... 30 3 FILLING AND PACKING EFFECTS ON MATERIAL AND MOLDED PART ................ 33 3.1 PROCESS EFFECTS ON MATERIAL FLOW CHARACTERISTICS ............................................ 33 3.1.1 MELT THERMAL BALANCE - CONDUCTIVE HEAT LOSS VS. SHEAR HEATING .. 33 3.1.2 DEVELOPMENT OF A FROZEN BOUNDARY LAYER .......................................... 36 3.2 FACTORS AFFECTING PLASTIC MATERIAL DEGRADATION ................................................ 42 3.2.1 EXCESSIVE SHEAR ................................................................................... 42 3.2.2 EXCESSIVE TEMPERATURE ........................................................................ 44 3.3 EFFECTS OF MOLD FILL RATE ON FILL PRESSURE ......................................................... 46 3.4 POST FILLING OR PACKING PHASE .............................................................................. 47 3.4.1 THERMAL SHRINKAGE AS PLASTIC COOLS .................................................... 47 3.4.2 COMPENSATION FLOW TO OFFSET VOLUMETRIC SHRINKAGE ........................ 48 3.4.3 PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION DURING THE POST FILLING PHASE ........................ 49 3.4.4 GATE FREEZE-OFF ..................................................................................... 50 3.5 MELT FLOW EFFECTS ON MATERIAL AND MOLDED PARTS .............................................. 51 3.5.1 SHRINKAGE ............................................................................................. 51 3.5.1.1 VOLUMETRIC SHRINKAGE .......................................................... 52 3.5.1.2 ORIENTATION-INDUCED SHRINKAGE ............................................ 54 3.5.2 DEVELOPMENT OF RESIDUAL STRESSES AND WARPAGE ................................ 58 3.5.2.1 WARPAGE AND RESIDUAL STRESS FROM SIDE-TO-SIDE SHRINKAGE VARIATIONS ............................................................ 58 3.5.2.2 WARPAGE AND RESIDUAL STRESS FROM GLOBAL/REGIONAL SHRINKAGE VARIATIONS ............................................................ 59 3.5.2.3 WARPAGE AND RESIDUAL STRESS FROM ORIENTATION-INDUCED SHRINKAGE VARIATIONS ............................................................ 60 3.5.3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AS EFFECTED BY ORIENTATION .................................. 60 3.6 ANNEALING A MOLDED PART ................................................................................... 61 3.7 SUMMARY ............................................................................................................. 61 4 GATE POSITIONING AND MOLDING STRATEGIES ........................................... 65 4.1 GATE POSITIONING CONSIDERATIONS ....................................................................... 65 4.2 DESIGN AND PROCESS STRATEGIES FOR INJECTION MOLDING ...................................... 67 4.2.1 MAINTAIN UNIFORM WALL THICKNESSES IN A PART .................................. 67 4.2.2 USE COMMON DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR INJECTION MOLDED PLASTIC PARTS WITH CAUTION .................................................................. 70 4.2.3 AVOID FLOWING FROM THIN TO THICK ...................................................... 71 4.2.4 ESTABLISH A SIMPLE STRATEGIC FLOW PATTERN WITHIN A CAVITY ............... 72 4.2.5 AVOID PICTURE FRAMING ......................................................................... 76 4.2.6 INTEGRAL HINGES ..................................................................................... 78 4.2.7 BALANCED FILLING THROUGHOUT A MOLD ................................................... 81 4.2.7.1 GATING POSITION(S) WITHIN A CAVITY ...................................... 82 4.2.7.2 MULTI-CAVITY MOLDS ............................................................... 86 4.2.8 PROVIDE FOR UNIFORM TEMPERATURES (MOLD AND MELT) .......................... 89 4.2.9 ELIMINATE, STRATEGICALLY PLACE, OR CONDITION WELDS ............................ 90 4.2.10 AVOIDING FLOW HESITATION ..................................................................... 91 4.2.11 MANAGING FRICTIONAL HEATING OF THE MELT ........................................... 93 4.2.12 MINIMIZE RUNNER VOLUME IN COLD RUNNERS ....................................... 93 4.2.13 AVOID EXCESSIVE SHEAR RATES ............................................................... 94 4.2.14 AVOID EXCESSIVE, AND PROVIDE FOR UNIFORM SHEAR STRESSES ................ 96 5 THE MELT DELIVERY SYSTEM ..................................................................... 99 5.1 RUNNER DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS ........................................................................... 99 5.2 OVERVIEW OF RUNNER/MELT DELIVERY SYSTEM ..................................................... 100 5.2.1 MACHINE NOZZLE ................................................................................... 101 5.2.1.1 NOZZLE FILTER ......................................................................... 102 5.2.1.2 STATIC MIXERS ......................................................................... 103 5.2.2 SPRUE .................................................................................................... 103 5.2.3 RUNNER .................................................................................................. 103 5.2.4 GATE ...................................................................................................... 104 5.3 MELT FLOW THROUGH THE MELT DELIVERY SYSTEM ................................................. 104 5.3.1 MELT PREPARATION - THE INJECTION MOLDING MACHINE .......................... 104 5.3.1.1 PRESSURE DEVELOPMENT FROM A MOLDING MACHINE .............. 105 5.3.1.2 FLOW THROUGH A RUNNER CHANNEL .......................................... 106 5.3.2 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON FLOW ........................................................... 107 5.3.2.1 MELT TEMPERATURE ................................................................. 107 5.3.2.2 MOLD TEMPERATURE ............................................................... 109 5.3.3 COLD VS. HOT RUNNERS ........................................................................... 110 5.3.4 PRESSURE DROP THROUGH THE MELT DELIVERY SYSTEM (NOZZLE VS. SPRUE VS. RUNNER VS. GATE VS. PART FORMING CAVITY) .... 110 5.4 USE OF MOLD FILLING ANALYSIS ............................................................................. ILL 5.5 RUNNER CROSS-SECTIONAL SIZE AND SHAPE ........................................................... 113 5.5.1 THE EFFICIENT FLOW CHANNEL ................................................................. 113 5.5.2 PRESSURE DEVELOPMENT IN THE RUNNER ............................................... 113 5.5.2.1 FLOW THROUGH A HOT RUNNER VS. A COLD RUNNER .................. 117 5.5.3 RUNNER EFFECT ON CYCLE TIME ............................................................... 117 5.5.3.1 COLD RUNNER AND SPRUE COOLING TIME ................................ 117 5.5.3.2 HOT RUNNER ........................................................................... 118 5.5.4 CONSTANT DIAMETER VS. GRADUATED DIAMETER RUNNERS ........................ 118 5.6 DESIGNING RUNNERS FOR SHEAR- AND THERMALLY-SENSITIVE MATERIALS ................ 121 5.7 RUNNER LAYOUTS ................................................................................................... 122 5.7.1 GEOMETRICAL BALANCED RUNNERS ............................................................ 122 5.7.2 NON-GEOMETRICALLY BALANCED RUNNERS ................................................ 125 5.7.3 FISHBONE RUNNERS VS. GEOMETRICALLY BALANCED RUNNERS ................... 125 5.7.3.1 FLOW BALANCE RATIO ................................................................ 127 5.7.3.2 MELT VARIATION IN UNBALANCED MOLDS .................................. 128 5.7.3.3 ARTIFICIAL BALANCING OF RUNNERS ............................................ 128 5.7.3.4 DO THE ARTIFICIALLY BALANCED RUNNERS REDUCE RUNNER VOLUME? .................................................................... 131 5.7.4 FAMILY MOLDS ......................................................................................... 135 6 FILLING, MELT, AND PRODUCT VARIATIONS DEVELOPED IN MULTI-CAVITY MOLDS ................................................................................. 137 6.1 SOURCES OF PRODUCT VARIATION IN MULTI-CAVITY MOLDS OF MOLD FILLING IMBALANCES ........................................................................................................... 138 6.1.1 PRODUCT VARIATIONS RESULTING FROM THE RUNNER DESIGN .................... 138 6.1.2 PRODUCT VARIATIONS RESULTING FROM NON-RUNNER LAYOUT ISSUES ........ 140 6.2 IMBALANCE EFFECTS ON PROCESS, PRODUCT, AND PRODUCTIVITY ................................ 144 6.2.1 ARTIFICIAL BALANCING OF RUNNERS ............................................................ 148 6.3 SHEAR-INDUCED MELT/MOLDING VARIATIONS FROM GEOMETRICALLY BALANCED RUNNERS ............................................................................................................... 150 6.3.1 DEVELOPMENT AND STRATIFICATION OF MELT VARIATIONS ACROSS A RUNNER CHANNEL ................................................................................... 150 6.3.2 LAMINATE SEPARATION IN BRANCHING RUNNERS CAUSING CAVITY-TO-CAVITY PRODUCT VARIATIONS .................................................... 152 6.3.3 SHEAR-INDUCED MELT IMBALANCES IN STACK MOLDS ................................ 157 6.3.4 DEVELOPMENT OF INTRA-CAVITY VARIATIONS AND INFLUENCE ON RESIDUAL STRESSES AND WARPAGE .......................................................... 158 6.3.4.1 WARPAGE .................................................................................. 164 6.3.4.2 CORE DEFLECTION ..................................................................... 166 6.3.4.3 EFFECT ON CONCENTRIC PARTS (GEARS, FANS, AND OTHERS) ........ 167 6.3.5 ALTERNATIVE THEORIES OF THE CAUSE OF MOLD FILLING IMBALANCES ........ 168 6.3.5.1 COOLING VARIATIONS ................................................................ 169 6.3.5.2 PLATE DEFLECTION ..................................................................... 169 6.5.5.3 CORNER EFFECT OF BRANCHING RUNNERS .................................... 170 6.3.5.4 MELT PRESSURE AS THE CAUSE OF FILLING IMBALANCE .............. 172 6.4 RUNNER LAYOUTS ................... 172 6.4.1 IDENTIFICATION OF VARIOUS FLOW GROUPS IN COMMON GEOMETRICALLY BALANCED RUNNERS ............................................................................... 173 6.4.2 APPARENT GEOMETRICALLY BALANCED RUNNER LAYOUTS .......................... 175 6.5 EFFECT OF SHEAR-INDUCED MELT VARIATIONS ON TWO-STAGE INJECTION PROCESSES .. 176 6.5.1 GAS ASSIST INJECTION MOLDING ............................................................. 176 6.5.2 GO-INJECTION MOLDING ........................................................................... 179 6.5.3 STRUCTURAL AND MICROCELLULAR FOAM MOLDING ...................................... 181 6.6 THE COST OF MELT IMBALANCES ............................................................................. 182 7 MANAGING SHEAR-INDUCED MELT VARIATIONS FOR SUCCESSFUL MOLDING ............................................................................... 185 7.1 STATIC MIXERS ...................................................................................................... 186 7.2 ARTIFICIAL BALANCING ............................................................................................. 188 7.2.1 VARYING SIZES OF BRANCHING RUNNERS OR GATES TO ACHIEVE A FILLING BALANCE ..................................................................................... 188 7.2.2 VARYING TEMPERATURES TO CONTROL FILLING BALANCE .............................. 189 7.3 MELT ROTATION TECHNOLOGY ................................................................................... 190 7.3.1 MELT ROTATION TECHNOLOGY IN HOT RUNNER MOLDS ................................ 197 7.3.2 MELT ROTATION TECHNOLOGY IN COLD RUNNER MOLDS .............................. 198 7.3.3 MELT ROTATION FOR INTRA-CAVITY IMBALANCES ......................................... 199 7.3.4 MULTI-AXIS MELT SYMMETRY ................................................................. 200 7.3.5 IN-MOLD ADJUSTABLE RHEOLOGICAL CONTROL (IMARC) .......................... 202 7.3.5.1 3D MOLDING ........................................................................... 203 7.4 MELT ROTATION FOR CONTROLLING TWO STAGE INJECTION PROCESSES .......................... 207 7.5 CONTROLLING WARPAGE THROUGH MELT ROTATION TECHNOLOGY ................................. 209 7.5.1 DEVELOPMENT OF WARPAGE POTENTIAL ................................................... 211 7.5.2 CONTROLLED WARPAGE THROUGH MELT ROTATION TECHNOLOGY .................. 214 7.5.3 NEW APPLICATION FOR 3D MOLDING ......................................................... 216 7.6 MELTFLIPPER MELT ROTATION TECHNOLOGIES ......................................................... 217 7.6.1 IMPORTANT MELTFLIPPER PATENT ISSUES ................................................. 217 7.6.2 MELT ROTATION IN COLD RUNNER MOLDS ................................................. 218 7.6.3 MELT ROTATION TECHNOLOGY IN HOT RUNNER MOLDS ................................ 220 7.6.4 MULTI-AXIS MELT SYMMETRY ................................................................. 220 7.6.5 IN-MOLD ADJUSTABLE RHEOLOGICAL CONTROL (IMARC) .......................... 222 8 COLD RUNNER MOLDS ................................................................................ 225 8.1 SPRUE .................................................................................................................. 226 8.1.1 COLD SPRUE ............................................................................................ 227 8.1.2 HOT SPRUE ............................................................................................ 232 8.2 THE COLD RUNNER ....................... 233 8.2.1 IMPORTANT MACHINING CONSIDERATIONS ................................................ 235 8.2.2 SIZING OF RUNNERS ................................................................................. 235 8.2.3 VENTING ................................................................................................. 236 8.2.4 RUNNER EJECTION ................................................................................... 237 8.2.4.1 SPRUE PULLER .......................................................................... 237 5.2.4.2 SECONDARY SPRUE/COLD DROP ................................................ 238 5.2.4.3 RUNNER ................................................................................... 238 8.2.5 COLD SLUG WELLS ..................................................................................... 239 8.3 RUNNERS FOR THREE-PLATE COLD RUNNER MOLDS .................................................... 240 8.4 GATE DESIGNS 244 8.4.1 SPRUE GATE 8.4.2 COMMON EDGE GATE 245 246 8.4.3 FAN GATE ................................................................................................. 247 8.4.4 FILM GATE OR FLASH GATE ........................................................................ 248 8.4.5 RING GATE ............................................................................................... 249 8.4.6 DIAPHRAGM (DISK) GATE ....................................................................... 250 8.4.7 TUNNEL GATE ........................................................................................... 252 8.4.8 CASHEW OR BANANA GATE ....................................................................... 254 8.4.9 JUMP GATE ............................................................................................. 255 8.4.10 PIN POINT GATE ....................................................................................... 256 8.4.11 CHISEL GATE 257 8.4.12 OVERFLOW GATE 257 8.5 EFFECTS OF GATE DIAMETER IN MULTI-CAVITY MOLDS ................................................ 258 8.5.1 STUDY 1 ................................................................................................... 258 8.5.2 STUDY 2 ................................................................................................... 259 8.5.3 MEASURING TOLERANCES ......................................................................... 262 9 HOT RUNNER MOLDS ................................................................................... 267 9.1 OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................. 267 9.1.1 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF HOT RUNNER SYSTEMS .................. 268 9.1.1.1 ADVANTAGES OF HOT RUNNERS .................................................. 268 9.1.1.2 DISADVANTAGES OF HOT RUNNERS ............................................ 270 9.1.1.3 SUMMARY OF ATTRIBUTES OF DIFFERENT RUNNER SYSTEMS ........ 271 9.2 OVERVIEW OF MULTI-CAVITY HOT RUNNER SYSTEMS (CONTRASTING SYSTEMS) .......... 272 9.2.1 EXTERNALLY HEATED MANIFOLD AND DROPS/NOZZLES ................................ 273 9.2.2 EXTERNALLY HEATED MANIFOLD WITH INTERNALLY HEATED DROPS .............. 274 9.2.3 INTERNALLY HEATED MANIFOLD AND INTERNALLY HEATED DROPS ................ 275 9.2.4 INSULATED MANIFOLD AND DROPS ............................................................. 276 9.3 STACK MOLDS ......................................................................................................... 278 10 HOT RUNNER FLOW CHANNEL DESIGN ......................................................... 281 10.1 LAYOUT FOR BALANCED MOLDING ............................................................................. 282 10.2 CROSS-SECTIONAL SHAPE ....................................................................................... 284 10.3 CORNERS ................................................................................................................. 284 10.3.1 DRILLED RUNNER CHANNELS ..................................................................... 285 10.3.2 MACHINED LAMINATE PLATE RUNNER CHANNELS ...................................... 287 10.4 EFFECT OF DIAMETER ............................................................................................... 287 10.4.1 PRESSURE ................................................................................................. 287 10.4.2 SHOT CONTROL ......................................................................................... 290 10.4.3 COLOR CHANGE ......................................................................................... 291 10.4.4 MATERIAL CHANGE ................................................................................... 294 11 HOT RUNNER DROPS, NOZZLES, AND GATES ................................................ 295 11.1 HOT DROPS ............................................................................................................. 296 11.1.1 EXTERNALLY HEATED HOT DROPS (NOZZLES) .............................................. 297 11.1.2 INTERNALLY HEATED HOT DROPS ............................................................... 298 11.1.3 HEAT CONDUCTING NOZZLES ..................................................................... 299 11.2 RESTRICTIVE/PIN POINT GATES ............................................................................... 300 11.3 GATE DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ............................................................................... 302 11.3.1 GATE FREEZE-OFF ..................................................................................... 302 11.3.2 STRINGING/DROOLING ............................................................................... 303 11.3.3 PACKING ................................................................................................. 304 11.3.4 NOZZLE TIPS FOR HOT RUNNER THERMAL GATES ....................................... 305 11.3.4.1 PORTED TIPS ........................................................................... 306 11.3.4.2 TORPEDO-STYLE TIPS ............................................................... 308 11.3.5 MECHANICAL VALVE GATES ....................................................................... 309 11.3.5.1 CONSIDERATION OF VALVE PIN FLOW RESTRICTIONS .................... 312 11.3.5.2 SEQUENTIAL VALVE GATES .......................................................... 313 11.3.5.3 VALVE PIN MOVEMENT CONTROL FOR SEQUENTIAL GATING .......... 315 11.3.6 THERMAL SHUT-OFF GATES ....................................................................... 321 11.3.7 HOT EDGE GATES ..................................................................................... 322 11.3.8 MULTI-TIP NOZZLES ................................................................................. 323 11.4 SPECIAL NOZZLE ARRANGEMENT ............................................................................. 324 12 THERMAL ISSUES OF HOT RUNNER SYSTEMS ............................................. 327 12.1 HEATING .................................................................................................................. 327 12.1.1 COIL (CABLE) HEATERS ............................................................................. 328 12.1.2 BAND HEATERS ......................................................................................... 328 12.1.3 TUBULAR HEATERS ................................................................................... 329 12.1.4 CARTRIDGE HEATERS ................................................................................. 330 12.1.5 HEAT PIPE TECHNOLOGY ........................................................................... 330 12.2 HEATER TEMPERATURE CONTROL ............................................................................. 331 12.2.1 THERMOCOUPLES ..................................................................................... 331 12.2.2 TEMPERATURE CONTROLLERS ..................................................................... 332 12.3 POWER REQUIREMENTS .......................................................................................... 334 12.4 THERMAL ISOLATION OF THE HOT RUNNER ............................................................... 335 12.5 GATE TEMPERATURE CONTROL ................................................................................. 338 12.5.1 GATE HEATING ......................................................................................... 340 12.5.2 GATE COOLING ......................................................................................... 340 13 THE MECHANICS AND OPERATION OF HOT RUNNERS ................................ 341 13.1 ASSEMBLY AND LEAKAGE ISSUES ........................................................................... 341 13.1.1 SYSTEM DESIGN ..................................................................................... 342 13.1.2 HOT RUNNER SYSTEM MACHINING AND ASSEMBLY .................................. 347 13.2 MOLD AND MACHINE DISTORTIONS ........................................................................... 353 13.3 STARTUP PROCEDURES ............................................................................................. 355 13.4 COLOR AND MATERIAL CHANGES ............................................................................... 355 13.5 GATES .................................................................................................................... 356 13.5.1 VESTIGE ................................................................................................... 356 13.5.2 CLOG ....................................................................................................... 356 13.5.3 WEAR ....................................................................................................... 357 13.6 * MAINTENANCE ....................................................................................................... 357 14 PROCESS OF DESIGNING AND SELECTING A RUNNER SYSTEM (GATE AND RUNNER) - A SUMMARY ......................................................... 359 14.1 NUMBER OF GATES ................................................................................................. 359 14.2 GATING POSITION ON A PART .................................................................................... 359 14.2.1 COSMETIC .................................................................................... 359 14.2.2 EFFECT ON SHRINKAGE, WARP, AND RESIDUAL STRESS ................................ 360 14.2.2.1 ORIENTATION ........................................................................... 360 14.2.2.2 VOLUMETRIC SHRINKAGE (REGIONAL) ........................................ 360 14.2.2.3 UNBALANCED FILLING ............................................................... 361 14.2.3 STRUCTURAL ISSUES .................................................................................. 361 14.2.3.1 GATE STRESS ............................................................................. 361 14.2.3.2 FLOW ORIENTATION ................................................................... 361 14.2.4 GATING INTO RESTRICTED, OR OTHERWISE DIFFICULT TO REACH LOCATIONS ... 362 14.3 CAVITY POSITIONING ............................................................................................... 362 14.4 MATERIAL ............................................................................................................... 362 14.5 JETTING ................................................................................................................... 362 14.6 THICK VS. THIN REGIONS OF THE PART ................................................................... 363 14.6.1 VOLUMETRIC SHRINKAGE ......................................................................... 363 14.6.2 HESITATION ............................................................................................. 363 14.7 NUMBER OF CAVITIES ............................................................................................. 363 14.8 PRODUCTION VOLUME ............................................................................................. 363 14.9 PRECISION MOLDING (PRECISION SIZE, SHAPE, WEIGHT, MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, AND CONSISTENCY) ................................................................................................. 364 14.10 COLOR CHANGES ................................................................................................... 364 14.11 MATERIAL CHANGE ................................................................................................. 365 14.12 REGRIND OF RUNNERS ............................................................................................. 365 14.13 PART THICKNESS ..................................................................................................... 365 14.13.1 THIN PART ............................................................................................... 365 14.13.2 THICK PART ............................................................................................. 366 14.14 PART SIZE ............................................................................................................... 366 14.15 LABOR SKILL LEVEL ................................................................................................. 366 14.16 POST MOLD HANDLING ............................................................................................. 367 14.17 PARF/GATE STRESS ISSUES ..................................................................................... 367 14.18 HOT AND COLD RUNNER COMBINATIONS ................................................................. 367 14.19 TWO-PHASE INJECTION PROCESSES ......................................................................... 367 15 TROUBLESHOOTING ..................................................................................... 369 15.1 FLOW GROUPING MOLD DIAGNOSTICS ..................................................................... 369 15.1.1 SHEAR-INDUCED FLOW IMBALANCE DEVELOPED IN A GEOMETRICALLY BALANCED RUNNER ................................................................................. 370 15.1.2 STEEL VARIATIONS IN THE MOLD ............................................................... 371 15.1.3 COOLING EFFECTS ..................................................................................... 371 15.1.4 HOT RUNNER SYSTEMS ......................... 371 15.1.5 SUMMARY OF TEST DATA ......................................................................... 371 15.1.6 FLOW GROUPING: METHOD OF APPLICATION .............................................. 372 15.2 INJECTION MOLDING TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDELINES FOR SCIENTIFIC INJECTION MOLDING ............................................................................................................... 375 15.3 INJECTION MOLDING PROCESS DEVELOPMENT ......................................................... 418 15.3.1 THE MOLDING PROCESS ............................................................................ 418 15.3.1.1 MOLD COOLING ......................................................................... 419 15.3.1.2 CLAMP UNIT - INITIAL SETTINGS ............................................... 420 15.3.1.3 INJECTION UNIT - INITIAL SETTINGS ............................................ 422 15.3.1.4 FILL TIME SCAN - EVALUATING FIRST STAGE FLOW RATE ............ 424 15.3.1.5 PACK SCANS - EVALUATING SECOND STAGE PACK PRESSURE AND PACK TIME ....................................................................... 430 15.3.1.6 EVALUATE CUSHION, COOLING TIME, AND CYCLE TIME .............. 434 15.3.2 PROCESS MONITORING AND PROCESS DOCUMENTATION .............................. 436 15.4 LIST OF AMORPHOUS AND SEMI-CRYSTALLINE RESINS ............................................. 440 INDEX ................................................................................................................... 443
any_adam_object	1
author	Beaumont, John P. 1952-
author_GND	(DE-588)124071295
author_facet	Beaumont, John P. 1952-
author_role	aut
author_sort	Beaumont, John P. 1952-
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classification_tum	CIT 735f
ctrlnum	(OCoLC)1119745881 (DE-599)DNB1194486258
discipline	Chemie / Pharmazie Werkstoffwissenschaften / Fertigungstechnik
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id	DE-604.BV046218456
illustrated	Illustrated
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language	English
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owner	DE-91G DE-BY-TUM DE-210 DE-12 DE-1050 DE-703 DE-83
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physical	XX, 450 Seiten Illustrationen, Diagramme 25 cm
publishDate	2019
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publisher	Hanser Publishers Hanser Publications
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spellingShingle	Beaumont, John P. 1952- Runner and gating design handbook tools for successful injection molding Heißkanalverfahren (DE-588)4730959-3 gnd Anguss (DE-588)4226633-6 gnd Werkstoffgerechtes Konstruieren (DE-588)4233887-6 gnd Spritzgießwerkzeug (DE-588)4056563-4 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4730959-3 (DE-588)4226633-6 (DE-588)4233887-6 (DE-588)4056563-4
title	Runner and gating design handbook tools for successful injection molding
title_auth	Runner and gating design handbook tools for successful injection molding
title_exact_search	Runner and gating design handbook tools for successful injection molding
title_full	Runner and gating design handbook tools for successful injection molding John P. Beaumont
title_fullStr	Runner and gating design handbook tools for successful injection molding John P. Beaumont
title_full_unstemmed	Runner and gating design handbook tools for successful injection molding John P. Beaumont
title_short	Runner and gating design handbook
title_sort	runner and gating design handbook tools for successful injection molding
title_sub	tools for successful injection molding
topic	Heißkanalverfahren (DE-588)4730959-3 gnd Anguss (DE-588)4226633-6 gnd Werkstoffgerechtes Konstruieren (DE-588)4233887-6 gnd Spritzgießwerkzeug (DE-588)4056563-4 gnd
topic_facet	Heißkanalverfahren Anguss Werkstoffgerechtes Konstruieren Spritzgießwerkzeug
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031597180&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
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