Early computing in Britain: Ferranti Ltd. and government funding, 1948 - 1958
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cham
Springer
[2019]
|
| Schriftenreihe: | History of computing
|
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031497249&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | xv,392 Seiten Illustrationen und Portraits (teilweise farbig) 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9783030151027 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819350485049540608 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents 1 The Small Seeds of Innovation................................................................ 1.1 Post-war Britain.............................................................................. 1.2 Old-Style Computing .................................................................... 1.3 Ferranti Ltd. in the UK’s Industrial Context............................... 1.4 Ferranti: A Powerhouse of the Northwest................................... 1.5 A Baby Is Bom.............................................................................. 1.6 The Amazingly Brief MOS Contract.......................................... 1.7 The Wider Context......................................................................... References..................................................................................................... 1 1 2 4 7 9 14 18 18 2 Academic/Industrial Collaboration: From Chorlton-on-Medlock to Moston, and Back.................................................................................. 2.1 The University Waits: People and Places................................... 2.2 The Moston Team Gets to Work................................................. 2.3 The New Computing Machine Laboratory................................. 2.4 The Giant Arrives........................................................................... 2.5 The Laboratory Prepares for Serious Users................................. 2.6 External Users Arrive.................................................................... 2.7 Applications in Science, Engineering and Commerce.............. 2.8
Music, Games and Romance........................................................ 2.9 Getting Serious................................................................................ References..................................................................................................... 21 21 26 31 32 36 38 41 43 47 48 Canada Calling: Toronto Gets a Mark 1............................................... 3.1 The Ministry of Supply Needs Some Computers........................ 3.2 The Canadian Computing Scene................................................. 3.3 UTEC: Toronto’s Home-Grown Computer................................. 3.4 Toronto Orders a Ferranti Computer.......................................... 3.5 FERUT’s Sea Voyage from Manchester toToronto.................. 3.6 Continuing Links with Manchester............................................... 49 49 51 54 56 59 62 3 xi
xii Contents 3.7 The Saint Lawrence Seaway Calculations................................... 3.8 FERUT in Action........................................................................... 3.9 The End of FERUT...................................................................... References..................................................................................................... 64 66 69 70 4 A Star Is Born: Ideas and Upgrades...................................................... 4.1 The Tin Hut..................................................................................... 4.2 John Bennett Calls for Change ................................................... 4.3 Reactions from Chorlton-on-Medlock and Cheltenham........... 4.4 Christopher Strachey’s Rocket...................................................... 4.5 Moston’s Star Twinkles.................................................................. 4.6 London’s Star: A Different Galaxy............................................... References..................................................................................................... 73 73 78 79 81 84 87 93 5 Into the Market......................................................................................... 5.1 The Players and the Stage............................................................. 5.2 Indecisions and the Three MOS Installations............................ 5.3 The Wider Market: NRDC’s Encouragement............................ 5.4 The Dutch and the Italians Come Calling................................... 5.5 The
Competition............................................................................. 5.6 Ferranti’s Aerospace Sales Efforts............................................... 5.7 Commercial Data-Processing........................................................ 5.8 The Drift Away from Moston...................................................... References..................................................................................................... 95 96 98 99 103 105 108 112 117 121 6 The AVRO Mark I* Installation at Chadderton................................. 123 6.1 A. V. Roe at Chadderton, Manchester........................................ 123 6.2 Avro’s Computing Environment, Digital and Analogue............ 124 6.3 Personal Anecdotes of Computing at Chadderton..................... 127 6.4 The Silent Slave............................................................................. 132 6.5 System Software and Applications Programs............................ 134 6.6 The End of the Ferranti Mark I* at Avrò................................... 135 6.7 What came next at Chadderton and Woodford?....................... 140 References..................................................................................................... 142 7 The Mark I* at Armstrong Siddeley, Ansty, Coventry..................... 7.1 Reluctance at ArmstrongSiddeley Motors................................... 7.2 Enthusiasm Grows......................................................................... 7.3 Installation and Maintenance........................................................ 7.4
The Programmers at Armstrong Siddeley................................... 7.5 Integrating Computing Within the Company’s Activities............................................................... 143 143 144 146 150 152
Contents xiii 7.6 Applications..................................................................................... 7.7 Acquiring a Second Mark I*......................................................... 7.8 What Came Next?............................................................................ References..................................................................................................... 153 155 157 159 8 The Ferranti Mark I* Installation in Amsterdam.............................. 8.1 KSLA, the Shell Company’s Laboratories in Amsterdam .... 8.2 Shell’s Search for a Digital Computer........................................ 8.3 The MIRACLE Arrives.................................................................. 8.4 MIRACLE Gets to Work and Expands ..................................... 8.5 Lidy’s Story..................................................................................... 8.6 The End of MIRACLE and What Followed.............................. References..................................................................................................... 161 161 162 165 170 175 179 182 9 The Ferranti Mark I* Installation in Rome........................................ 9.1 The Italian Scenario...................................................................... 9.2 INAC and FINAC in Rome........................................................... 9.3 FINAC at Work.............................................................................. 9.4 The Wider Picture........................................................................... 9.5 How
Did It All End? .................................................................... References..................................................................................................... 183 183 184 190 196 197 199 10 GCHQ Cheltenham’s Mark I*............................................................... 10.1 US and UK SIGINT at the Start of the Cold War..................... 10.2 The Possibilities of General-Purpose Computers....................... 10.3 Comparing ATLAS and ABNER with the Ferranti Mark I*...................................................................... 10.3.1 The ERA ATLAS Project............................................... 10.3.2 The ASA ABNER Project............................................ 10.3.3 Technical Comparisons of the Three Computers......... 10.4 GCHQ’s Links with UK Industry, Especially Ferranti Ltd.... 10.5 Delivery of CLEOPATRA, GCHQ’s Ferranti Mark F............ 10.6 The Possible Applications of CLEOPATRA.............................. 10.7 Comparative Rates of Computation: Oedipus............................ 10.8 What Followed CLEOPATRA at Cheltenham?.......................... References..................................................................................................... 201 201 203 11 The Mark I* at the Armaments Research Development Establishment, Fort Halstead................................................................. 11.1 Armaments Research, Pre-war and Post-war.............................. 11.2 Arranging the Purchase of a Computer for Fort Halstead......... 11.3 Installation of AMOS; Early
Computing Activity..................... 11.4 The Maturing Applications of AMOS........................................ 207 207 208 210 212 215 218 221 222 223 225 225 226 227 230
xiv Contents 11.5 COSMOS, A Compatible Successor toAMOS........................... 232 11.6 Into the 1980s.................................................................................... 236 References....................................................................................................... 237 12 The Mark I* at the Atomic Weapons Research Establishment, Aldermaston..................................................................... 12.1 Preparing for the UK’s Nuclear Deterrent................................... 12.2 Aldermaston Acquires a Mark I*................................................... 12.3 The End of the Mark I* at Aldermaston....................................... 12.4 What Came Next? the Supercomputer Race............................... 12.5 Software Activity at AWRE......................................................... References....................................................................................................... 239 239 240 244 244 246 249 13 What Came Next?........................................................................................ 13.1 The New Life at Dover Street...................................................... 13.2 The Computer Becomes User-Friendly......................................... 13.3 Goodbye Mark I, Goodbye FC.................................................... 13.4 Ferranti and Supercomputers......................................................... 13.5 From Ferranti via ICT and ICL to Oblivion.............................. 13.6 Any Star Dust Left
Today?........................................................... References...................................................................................................... 251 251 255 259 263 267 269 272 14 Appendix A. Baby’s Conception:The BackStory............................. 273 14.1 Computer History: The Wider Context........................................ 273 14.2 Max Newman’s Plans for a Computing Machine Laboratory....................................................................... 276 14.3 Willis Jackson and Max Newman’s BP Hardware..................... 284 14.4 Alan Turing and the ACE Connection........................................ 287 14.5 Albert Uttley and the TRE Connection........................................ 289 14.6 Jack Good and the Princeton Connection................................... 290 14.7 Conclusions on Conceptions......................................................... 296 References...................................................................................................... 298 15 Appendix B. Mark I and Mark I*Software Details............................ 15.1 Notations and the 5-Bit Teleprinter Code................................... 15.2 Instruction Format and Programmer-Accessible Registers .... 15.3 Further Explanation of the Mark I Instruction Set..................... 15.4 Storage Organisation: Primary and SecondaryMemory............. 15.5 Basic System Software.................................................................. 15.6 Alan Turing’s Formal Mode: An Embryonic Operating
System?............................................................................................ 15.7 The Mark I Operator’s Console.................................................... 15.8 Instruction Speeds for the Ferranti Mark I................................. 15.9 Automatic Coding and Autocodes............................................... 15.10 Instruction-Set Differences Between the Ferranti Mark I and Mark I* 299 299 301 307 310 312 315 316 318 318 319
Contents xv 15.11 Number Representation and the Instruction Set for the Ferranti Mark I*.............................................................................. 15.12 The Input Routine for the Ferranti Mark I*............................... 15.13 Other Systems Software for the Ferranti Mark I*..................... References..................................................................................................... 320 325 326 330 16 Appendix C. Mark I and Mark I* Hardware Details........................ 16.1 Physical Layout of Sub-units in the Ferranti Mark I................. 16.2 Register-Level Architecture........................................................... 16.3 Circuit Technology......................................................................... 16.4 Storage Technology....................................................................... 16.5 Input/Output Equipment................................................................ 16.6 Power Supplies................................................................................ 16.7 Reliability......................................................................................... 16.8 Later Hardware Modifications...................................................... References..................................................................................................... 331 331 334 335 336 340 341 342 343 344 17 Appendix D. Naming Names.................................................................... 17.1 Ferranti Engineers Working on the Mark I and Mark I*......... 17.2 Ferranti
Programmers.................................................................... 17.3 Comparison with Other UK Industrial Programming Groups.................................................................... 17.4 Relevant Manchester University Staff.......................................... 17.4.1 The Early Days of Ferranti Collaboration..................... 17.4.2 Later Collaborations with Ferranti Ltd.......................... References....................................... 345 346 352 18 Appendix E. Performance, Cost and Delivery Details of Other Computers.................................................................................. 18.1 Analysis of UK Computer Deliveries, 1955-1957..................... 18.2 American and British High Performance Computers, 1954-1964 ....................................................................................... 358 361 361 364 366 367 367 367 Picture Credits.................................................................................................... 373 References............................................................................................................. 377 Name Index.......................................................................................................... 383 Subject Index........................................................................................................ 387
|
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| author | Lavington, Simon H. 1939- |
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| author_facet | Lavington, Simon H. 1939- |
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| author_sort | Lavington, Simon H. 1939- |
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| bvnumber | BV046116756 |
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| discipline | Informatik |
| era | Geschichte 1948-1958 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1948-1958 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Großbritannien (DE-588)4022153-2 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Großbritannien |
| id | DE-604.BV046116756 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T18:43:35Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9783030151027 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031497249 |
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| physical | xv,392 Seiten Illustrationen und Portraits (teilweise farbig) 24 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20210421 |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | History of computing |
| spellingShingle | Lavington, Simon H. 1939- Early computing in Britain Ferranti Ltd. and government funding, 1948 - 1958 Ferranti Limited (DE-588)7609230-6 gnd Computerindustrie (DE-588)4148256-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)7609230-6 (DE-588)4148256-6 (DE-588)4022153-2 |
| title | Early computing in Britain Ferranti Ltd. and government funding, 1948 - 1958 |
| title_auth | Early computing in Britain Ferranti Ltd. and government funding, 1948 - 1958 |
| title_exact_search | Early computing in Britain Ferranti Ltd. and government funding, 1948 - 1958 |
| title_full | Early computing in Britain Ferranti Ltd. and government funding, 1948 - 1958 |
| title_fullStr | Early computing in Britain Ferranti Ltd. and government funding, 1948 - 1958 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Early computing in Britain Ferranti Ltd. and government funding, 1948 - 1958 |
| title_short | Early computing in Britain |
| title_sort | early computing in britain ferranti ltd and government funding 1948 1958 |
| title_sub | Ferranti Ltd. and government funding, 1948 - 1958 |
| topic | Ferranti Limited (DE-588)7609230-6 gnd Computerindustrie (DE-588)4148256-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ferranti Limited Computerindustrie Großbritannien |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031497249&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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