Odsłony codzienności: rzymskokatolickie duchowieństwo parafialne na prowincji Królestwa Polskiego na przełomie XIX i XX wieku : wybrane zagadnienia = Impressions of everyday : Roman Catholic parish clergy in the province of the Kingdom of Poland at the turn of the 20th century : selected issues
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Polish |
| Published: |
Gdańsk
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
2019
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| Subjects: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031493211&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031493211&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Item Description: | Enthält Tabellen |
| Physical Description: | 323 Seiten Illustrationen, Pläne, Diagramme 25 cm |
| ISBN: | 9788378656753 8378656756 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1819334793708437504 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Spis treści Wykaz skrótów................................................................................................................... 7 Wstęp.................................................................................................................................. 9 Wprowadzenie.................................................................................................................... 18 Rozdział 1. „Są i tacy, co mną gardzą, żem jest ze wsi, bom jest z chłopa. Patrzą koso - zbędą prędko”................................................................................................ 22 Rozdział 2. „Kto ma księdza w rodzie, temu bieda nie dobodzie”..................................................... 57 Rozdział 3. „Mieszkanie nasze niech będzie prawdziwie kapłańskie” ................................................. 85 Rozdział 4. . azali pasterz w domu swoim jest takim, jakim się publicznie okazuje”......................... 114 Rozdział 5. „Pasterzowi potrzebną jest nauka. Ślepi wodzowie nie potrafią szczęśliwie przewodniczyć”......................................................................................................................... 153 Rozdział 6. „Jestem człowiekiem - potrzebuję odpoczynku...”............................................................... 171 Rozdział 7. „Szlachetne zdrowie...”...........................................................................................................185 Rozdział 8. „Prochem jesteś i w proch się
obrócisz”...................................................................................195 Zakończenie..............................................................................................................................209 Aneksy....................................................................................................................................... 217 Bibliografia...................................................................................................................................295 Spis ilustracji, tabel i wykresów.................................................................................................318
Indeks osób..............................................................................................................................310 Impressions of everyday - Roman Catholic parish clergy in the province of the Kingdom of Poland at the turn of the 20th century. Selected issues (Summary).................................................................................................321 6
Impressions of everyday - Roman Catholic parish clergy in the province of the Kingdom of Poland at the turn of the 20th century. Selected issues Summary The author addresses several selected issues considered as essential for the initial research on everyday life of Roman Catholic parish clergymen in the provinces of the Kingdom of Poland at the turn of the 20th century. Those comprise: (Chapter I) The subject here is of social origin of the clergymen. Establishing fully the social origin of the parish clergy in the period discussed, with the use of nomenclature applied in the sources, poses certain problems, yet intensified genealogical and prosopographic research may provide satisfying answers to elemental issues. It is certain that an influx of people from lower and middle social classes to clergy occurred at some point. The phenomenon progressed with various dynamics and it is difficult to speak here of a definitely increasing tendency as far as people of peasant origin are concerned, since it is possible to acknowledge its occurrence only as late as the start of the 20th century. In an overwhelming part of the period in study, a phenomenon of increasing social variety of priesthood candidates is observed, which was a result of a broader process, namely an effect of the transformations in Polish society in the Kingdom influenced by economical, political and social changes which had increasingly been occurring particularly since the second half of the 19th century. For some, leaving out the aspect of vocation, choosing the clergy was an expression of aspirations and
pursues of social promotion, whereas for others it constituted a way to remain at an appropriate level of the social ladder. Whereas the emerg ing opinions linking the influx of candidates from lower levels of society with decreasing moral standards of the clergy, with disregard of their validity, need to be examined with tight reference to the context and motivations of persons formulating those claims. (Chapter II) The issue of parish clergy remuneration is presented extensively here. When the state seized parish estates as sanctioned on the basis of an ukase of the tsar issued on 14/26 December 1865, a land endowment of 6 morgen was to be inhered, whereas parish administrators and employed vicars were inhered with a salary; yet in reality they were able to gain considerable revenues from iura stolae fees, mass inten tions, perks from pastoral visits or other tributes paid by means of tradition. Conflicts among parsons and vicars over sharing the income from such fees and tributes show that these were not small amounts. The source of financial shortages and dissatisfaction resulting from them most often lay in those parishes which were sparsely populated or challenging in terms of pastoral duties, as well as in personal debts or extensive support given to family. Perceiving the issue of parish clergy endowment from the perspective of their complaints over its level which appeared in church press, among others, may create an impression of clergy living a poor life. However, the material status of clergy men in gremio can hardly be considered as low. 321
(Chapter III) Separate space is dedicated to the issue of parsonage understood as a place of residence. More often than not, in the period in question, parsonages required repairs or renovations, especially those whose main building material was wood. Instances of the need to build a new parsonage were also common. In such cases it was decided to erect brick buildings in the hope to relatively decrease costs of their maintenance. An essential factor which minimised construction costs and later also costs of parsonage maintenance was its proper location, quality and durability of building materials as well as the reliability of its execution. The basic principle, still not always followed, was the pursue of moderation and functionality of a priests residence, particularly in terms of its size, number of rooms and interior decoration. Moreover, the main resident of the parsonage had to remember that he was only its temporary user and as such should look after it having in mind his successor and his parishioners who usually participated in its renovation or repairs. All was well if parsons ambitions for the flat matched the aspirations of parishioners as in such a case he could count on their assistance, otherwise conflicts, disputes or even divisions among parishioners were imminent. While designing and building the parsonage, most recommendations concerning the layout of rooms occupied by clergymen and their service were implemented. The basic set comprised a living room, a bedroom, a dining room (saloon), a kitchen, a room for servants and a room serving as a parish
administrative office. Moreover, a hallway, a lobby or a corridor served as main traffic route. The flat taken by the parsons assistant, the vicar, was a separate issue. It would often amount to the alternative of whether to live together or separately. Shared accommodation for the parson and the vicar was postulated and recommended, yet in practice the latter was preferred. (Chapter IV) The parsonage is also a place where people who accommodate it „meet”. Within the framework of this aspect, the issue of relations between the manor and the parsonage was undertaken. The parsonage constituted, above all, a place of residence for the priest, the parson of a parish, sometimes also shared with his assistants, vicars. Often, the clergymans parents or siblings, other relatives or servants would also accommod ate the place. The person taking care of the parsons household, a female housekeeper, almost always occupied the place as well. Pastoral works and the canon law described what the relations among the aforementioned occupants of the parsonage should be like, always dedicating a suitable report to that issue. In practice, such relations diverged from the postulated ones to a certain extent, sometimes considerably, which does not necessary mean fragrantly. One may rather speak of a situation where the practice and the conditions and necessities of everyday life verified the theory. It ought to be acknowledged here that the lack of precise legal regulations concerning the position of the vicar, particularly in terms of remuneration and duties conducted in the parish, and with no
systemic regulations in the sphere of pension scheme, espe cially as far as parsons were concerned, constituted substantial sources of conflicts in the relations between the parson and his curate. As a rule, the discontent and objection of the parish community was triggered by too many members of the parsons family liv ing in the parsonage, who overextended material support from the parishioners, which would in turn weaken parsons authority. It was a similar case when members of family 322
or the housekeeper entered the prerogatives of the parish administrator and considerably influenced the administration of its affairs. It was the same when a clergyman, oblivious of the pledged commitment to life in chastity, overstepped boundaries in relations with his housekeeper. The scale of reprehensible incidents in the life of parsonage residents was not dominant, however. The issue of relations between the manor and the parsonage described above shows that they often diverged from an image where full harmony and understanding among the residents prevailed. It is difficult to determine the scale of this phenomenon. However, it seems that in the discussed period, leaving out minor or third-rate factors present at any time, conditions resulting from a changing social and economical situation moved to the foreground, both in the case of the manor and the parsonage. Apart from that, consequences of the transition of parts of demesnes into the hands of new owners influenced the quality of those relations. For some of them bonds with the parsonage were a continuation, for others they did not have such or any meaning. (Chapter V) The content of private or parish libraries and book collections provokes a statement that many of the clergy, having graduated from seminar, discarded books and committed themselves to domestic activities. Most of the parish clergy did not pay much attention to educational upgrade and thus, as a rule, would only collect a handy collection of books useful in current pastoral work. The belief is justified by frequent opinions point ing at the
necessity of educational improvement of the parish clergy in order to deepen individual vocation as well as to enhance the conducted pastoral services. (Chapter VI) The conducted analysis of the source material does not easily provide an answer to the question of: what forms of leisure or free time activities were preferred or dominated in the environment of the parish clergy? Among the frequently postulated and promoted pastimes were gardening, beekeeping, uplifting reading, intellectual work or learning, enjoying and relaxing while attending events with an appropriate company. Pastoral compilations in their character would rather focus on how not to relax or spend free time. An entertainment set of pastimes in disaccord with priestly dignity emerges there. It comprised mainly playing cards, active participation in hunting, dancing and attending public shows or performances. Each of those forms would not do without a secular company of people, apparently, who themselves could pose a threat, too, thus their proper selection was of utmost importance. Practically, however, leisure activities and forms of spending free time from the set were not actually avoided. As for some of them, the opinions were divided even among the clergy. That meant a considerable dose of tolerance was shown towards those forms, yet with a certain reservation that when executing those, an appropriate level of modesty and prudence should be applied, mostly due to the church followers. Journeys around the country or taking part in escapades abroad, as forms of holiday pastime, were not rare at the
time. Although, omitting the fact that not everybody pre ferred such a form of active leisure, financial or health factors were arguably a significant brake in undertaking those. On the other hand, the need to regain the weakened strength and boost health, as well as curiosity for the world induced or even forced some of the priests to stay in domestic or foreign resorts, which would often be merged with day trips, also. Most certainly, a significant number of clergymen used to spend their holiday 323
time at their families’, acquaintances’ or simply remained in their parishes and devoted more time to their passions and interests. (Chapter VII) Health condition of the clergy did not especially diverge from the general situation of the rest of society, neither did the care for one’s own health differ from treatments made by those levels of society which represented a similar social position. Naturally, similarly to other groups of occupational hazards, the specificity of the office held, particularly tasks connected with pastoral activities, put the clergy at certain given health and life risks, those concerning ministry to the sick, hearing confession or vocal strain, in particular. (Chapter VIII) Personal material situation of the parish clergy was diverse and depended on various factors, among which were the social origin, family relations or one’s own foresight and prudence. The principle of evangelical poverty did not mean that on the celibate’s death nothing was left, yet such cases occurred. As for the inheritance of the personal property of the deceased priest, the parish church was first in line there, with creditors next and family as well as the housekeeper queuing behind. The latter ones would often attempt to move up to the head of the line. Legal solutions concerning the so-called fourth piece resulted, among others, in trying to dispose the property while still being alive with a notarial act, a last will and testament, a written or oral contract or even simply by giving it away in anticipation of an imminent death. The author hopes that his work will
become an inspiration for undertaking in-depth studies on the history of parish clergy in the Kingdom of Poland in the 19th and 20th centuries, that it will prove useful to future researchers of everyday life of clergy and will, most of all, trigger a discussion over the necessity of introducing subject research.
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| geographic_facet | Polen |
| id | DE-604.BV046112645 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T18:43:29Z |
| institution | BVB |
| institution_GND | (DE-588)1029940-3 |
| isbn | 9788378656753 8378656756 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-031493211 |
| oclc_num | 1119030949 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 323 Seiten Illustrationen, Pläne, Diagramme 25 cm |
| psigel | BSB_NED_20200417 |
| publishDate | 2019 |
| publishDateSearch | 2019 |
| publishDateSort | 2019 |
| publisher | Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Lewalski, Krzysztof 1965- Odsłony codzienności rzymskokatolickie duchowieństwo parafialne na prowincji Królestwa Polskiego na przełomie XIX i XX wieku : wybrane zagadnienia = Impressions of everyday : Roman Catholic parish clergy in the province of the Kingdom of Poland at the turn of the 20th century : selected issues Katholische Kirche (DE-588)2009545-4 gnd Pfarrei (DE-588)4115544-0 gnd Geistlicher (DE-588)4137184-7 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)2009545-4 (DE-588)4115544-0 (DE-588)4137184-7 (DE-588)4046496-9 |
| title | Odsłony codzienności rzymskokatolickie duchowieństwo parafialne na prowincji Królestwa Polskiego na przełomie XIX i XX wieku : wybrane zagadnienia = Impressions of everyday : Roman Catholic parish clergy in the province of the Kingdom of Poland at the turn of the 20th century : selected issues |
| title_alt | Rzymskokatolickie duchowieństwo parafialne na prowincji Królestwa Polskiego na przełomie XIX i XX wieku Impressions of everyday |
| title_auth | Odsłony codzienności rzymskokatolickie duchowieństwo parafialne na prowincji Królestwa Polskiego na przełomie XIX i XX wieku : wybrane zagadnienia = Impressions of everyday : Roman Catholic parish clergy in the province of the Kingdom of Poland at the turn of the 20th century : selected issues |
| title_exact_search | Odsłony codzienności rzymskokatolickie duchowieństwo parafialne na prowincji Królestwa Polskiego na przełomie XIX i XX wieku : wybrane zagadnienia = Impressions of everyday : Roman Catholic parish clergy in the province of the Kingdom of Poland at the turn of the 20th century : selected issues |
| title_full | Odsłony codzienności rzymskokatolickie duchowieństwo parafialne na prowincji Królestwa Polskiego na przełomie XIX i XX wieku : wybrane zagadnienia = Impressions of everyday : Roman Catholic parish clergy in the province of the Kingdom of Poland at the turn of the 20th century : selected issues Krzysztof Lewalski |
| title_fullStr | Odsłony codzienności rzymskokatolickie duchowieństwo parafialne na prowincji Królestwa Polskiego na przełomie XIX i XX wieku : wybrane zagadnienia = Impressions of everyday : Roman Catholic parish clergy in the province of the Kingdom of Poland at the turn of the 20th century : selected issues Krzysztof Lewalski |
| title_full_unstemmed | Odsłony codzienności rzymskokatolickie duchowieństwo parafialne na prowincji Królestwa Polskiego na przełomie XIX i XX wieku : wybrane zagadnienia = Impressions of everyday : Roman Catholic parish clergy in the province of the Kingdom of Poland at the turn of the 20th century : selected issues Krzysztof Lewalski |
| title_short | Odsłony codzienności |
| title_sort | odslony codziennosci rzymskokatolickie duchowienstwo parafialne na prowincji krolestwa polskiego na przelomie xix i xx wieku wybrane zagadnienia impressions of everyday roman catholic parish clergy in the province of the kingdom of poland at the turn of the 20th century selected issues |
| title_sub | rzymskokatolickie duchowieństwo parafialne na prowincji Królestwa Polskiego na przełomie XIX i XX wieku : wybrane zagadnienia = Impressions of everyday : Roman Catholic parish clergy in the province of the Kingdom of Poland at the turn of the 20th century : selected issues |
| topic | Katholische Kirche (DE-588)2009545-4 gnd Pfarrei (DE-588)4115544-0 gnd Geistlicher (DE-588)4137184-7 gnd |
| topic_facet | Katholische Kirche Pfarrei Geistlicher Polen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031493211&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=031493211&sequence=000003&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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