Trans-Atlantic data privacy relations as a challenge for democracy:
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere beteiligte Personen: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge ; Antwerp ; Portland
Intersentia
[2017]
|
| Schriftenreihe: | European integration and democracy series
Volume 4 |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029826930&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Beschreibung: | Literaturangaben |
| Umfang: | xl, 567 Seiten 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9781780684345 1780684347 |
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MARC
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Trans-Atlantic data privacy relations as a challenge for democracy |c edited by Dan Jerker B. Svantesson, Dariusz Kloza |
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| 650 | 4 | |a Privacy, Right ofzEuropean Union countries | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Privacy, Right ofzUnited States | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Data protectionxLaw and legislationzEuropean Union countries | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Data protectionxLaw and legislationzUnited States | |
| 650 | 4 | |a National securityzEuropean Union countries | |
| 650 | 4 | |a National securityzUnited States | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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CONTENTS
FOREWORD BY DR WOJCIECH R. WIEWIDROWSKI V
PREFACE IX
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS XXXVII
PARTI
PRIVACY AND.
SECTION I
PRIVACY AND TRANSBORDER FLOWS OF PERSONAL DATA
1. TRANSNATIONAL DATA PRIVACY IN THE EU DIGITAL SINGLE MARKET STRATEGY
ROLF H.
WEBER
5
1. INTRODUCTION 5
2. TENSIONS BETWEEN FREE DATA FLOW AND DATA PRIVACY 6
2.1. FREE DATA FLOW AND DATA PRIVACY AS PARALLEL EU OBJECTIVES 6
2.2. DATA PRIVACY AS POLICY AND REGULATORY TOPIC 8
2.2.1. TENSIONS BETWEEN FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORKS 8
2.2.2. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE EU 8
2.2.3. CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE US 10
3. INCLUSION OF MORE ACTORS IN DATA PROTECTION RULE-MAKING 13
3.1. CONCEPT OF MULTI-STAKEHOLDERISM 13
3.2. IMPLEMENTATION IN THE DATA PRIVACY FIELD 15
4. TRANSBOUNDARY IMPACTS OF THE DATA PRIVACY FRAMEWORK 16
4.1. SOVEREIGNTY AND LEGAL INTEROPERABILITY 16
4.1.1. TRADITIONAL NOTION 16
4.1.2. CHALLENGES OF A GLOBAL CYBERSPACE 17
4.1.3. INTEROPERABILITY OF LEGAL FRAMEWORKS 18
4.1.4. ACHIEVING LEGAL INTEROPERABILITY 19
4.1.5. INCREASED LEGAL INTEROPERABILITY IN THE DATA PRIVACY FIELD 21
4.2. NEW PARTICIPATION MODELS FOR DATA PRIVACY RULE-MAKING 22
4.2.1. INCREASED QUALITY OF RULE-MAKING 24
5. OUTLOOK 25
INTERSENTIA XXIII
CONTENTS
2. PRINCIPLES FOR US-EU DATA FLOW ARRANGEMENTS
ERICH
SCHWEIGHOFER
27
1. INTRODUCTION 27
2. STATE SOVEREIGNTY AND THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR INTERNATIONAL
DATA TRANSFER 29
3. REQUIREMENT OF ESSENTIALLY EQUIVALENT LEVEL OF DATA PROTECTION 33
4. US-EU DATA TRANSFER REGIMES 35
4.1. INTELLIGENCE DATA 36
4.2. LAW ENFORCEMENT DATA 37
4.3. US-EU ADEQUACY ARRANGEMENTS: FROM SAFE HARBOUR
TO PRIVACY SHIELD 40
4.4. PROTECTION OF THE NEGOTIATION PROCESS BY THE ESTOPPEL PRINCIPLE 43
5. AN INTERNATIONAL TREATY AS A BETTER SOLUTION FOR THIS DILEMMA? 44
6. USE OF DEROGATIONS AS ADDITIONAL SAFEGUARDS FOR DATA EXCHANGE
DUE TO THE INSUFFICIENTLY SOLVED DATA EXCHANGE QUESTION 46
7. CONCLUSIONS 47
3. THE ROLE OF PROPORTIONALITY IN ASSESSING TRANS-ATLANTIC FLOWS
OF PERSONAL DATA
DAVID
LINDSAY
49
1. INTRODUCTION 49
2. PROPORTIONALITY UNDER EU LAW 51
3. PROPORTIONALITY AND EU DATA PRIVACY LAW 54
4. THE SNOWDEN REVELATIONS AND THE PRISM PROGRAMME 59
5. THE SCHREMS DECISION 61
5.1. BACKGROUND 61
5.2. THE CJEU RULING 63
6. LEGAL EVALUATION OF THE SCHREMS DECISION 68
7. PROPORTIONALITY, PRIVACY RIGHTS AND DEMOCRACY 69
8. PROPORTIONALITY, TRANS-ATLANTIC AND TRANSBORDER DATA FLOWS 72
9. THE 'PRIVACY SHIELD' AND PROPORTIONALITY 74
10. CONCLUSION 82
4. US SURVEILLANCE LAW, SAFE HARBOUR AND REFORMS SINCE 2013
PETER SWIRE 85
1. INTRODUCTION 85
2. THE FUNDAMENTAL EQUIVALENCE OF THE UNITED STATES AND EU MEMBER
STATES AS CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACIES UNDER THE RULE OF LAW 86
2.1. THE UNITED STATES IS A CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY
UNDER THE RULE OF LAW 88
XXIV INTERSENTIA
CONTENTS
2.2. FUNDAMENTAL PROTECTIONS RELATED TO LAW ENFORCEMENT
SURVEILLANCE 89
2.3. FUNDAMENTAL PROTECTIONS RELATED TO NATIONAL SECURITY
SURVEILLANCE 91
2.4. CONCLUSION 93
3. THE SECTION 702 PRISM AND UPSTREAM PROGRAMMES ARE REASONABLE
AND LAWFUL RESPONSES TO CHANGING TECHNOLOGY 94
3.1. THE LEGAL STRUCTURE OF SECTION 702 96
3.2. THE PRISM PROGRAMME IS NOT A BULK COLLECTION PROGRAMME 98
3.3. THE UPSTREAM PROGRAMME ACCESSES FEWER ELECTRONIC
COMMUNICATIONS THAN PRISM 101
3.3.1. HOW THE UPSTREAM TECHNOLOGY WORKS 102
3.3.2. JUDGE BATES' DECLASSIFIED OPINION ABOUT SECTION 702
ILLUSTRATES JUDICIAL OVERSIGHT OF NSA SURVEILLANCE 105
3.4. CONCLUSION 106
4. THE US HAS TAKEN MULTIPLE AND SIGNIFICANT ACTIONS TO REFORM
SURVEILLANCE LAWS AND PROGRAMMES SINCE 2013 106
4.1. INDEPENDENT REVIEWS OF SURVEILLANCE ACTIVITIES 106
4.1.1. REVIEW GROUP ON INTELLIGENCE AND COMMUNICATIONS
TECHNOLOGY 107
4.1.2. PRIVACY AND CIVIL LIBERTIES OVERSIGHT BOARD 108
4.2. LEGISLATIVE ACTIONS 109
4.2.1. INCREASED FUNDING FOR THE PCLOB 109
4.2.2. GREATER JUDICIAL ROLE IN SECTION 215 ORDERS 109
4.2.3. PROHIBITION ON BULK COLLECTION UNDER SECTION 215
AND OTHER LAWS 110
4.2.4. ADDRESSING THE PROBLEM OF SECRET LAW - DECLASSIFICATION
OF FISC DECISIONS, ORDERS AND OPINIONS 110
4.2.5. APPOINTMENT OF EXPERTS TO BRIEF THE FISC ON PRIVACY
AND CIVIL LIBERTIES ILL
4.2.6. TRANSPARENCY REPORTS BY COMPANIES SUBJECT TO COURT
ORDERS 112
4.2.7. TRANSPARENCY REPORTS BY THE US GOVERNMENT 114
4.2.8. PASSAGE OF THE JUDICIAL REDRESS ACT 115
4.3. EXECUTIVE BRANCH ACTIONS 115
4.3.1. NEW SURVEILLANCE PRINCIPLE TO PROTECT PRIVACY RIGHTS
OUTSIDE OF THE US 117
4.3.2. PROTECTION OF CIVIL LIBERTIES IN ADDITION TO PRIVACY 117
4.3.3. SAFEGUARDS FOR THE PERSONAL INFORMATION OF ALL
INDIVIDUALS, REGARDLESS OF NATIONALITY 117
4.3.4. RETENTION AND DISSEMINATION LIMITS FOR NON-US PERSONS
SIMILAR TO US PERSONS 118
INTERSENTIA XXV
CONTENTS
4.3.5. LIMITS ON BULK COLLECTION OF SIGNALS INTELLIGENCE 119
4.3.6. LIMITS ON SURVEILLANCE TO GAIN TRADE SECRETS
FOR COMMERCIAL ADVANTAGE 120
4.3.7. NEW WHITE HOUSE OVERSIGHT OF SENSITIVE INTELLIGENCE
COLLECTION, INCLUDING OF FOREIGN LEADERS 120
4.3.8. NEW WHITE HOUSE PROCESS TO HELP FIX SOFTWARE FLAWS
RATHER THAN USE THEM FOR SURVEILLANCE 121
4.3.9. GREATER TRANSPARENCY BY THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
ABOUT SURVEILLANCE ACTIVITIES 122
4.3.10. CREATION OF THE FIRST NSA CIVIL LIBERTIES AND PRIVACY
OFFICE 123
4.3.11. MULTIPLE CHANGES UNDER SECTION 215 123
4.3.12. STRICTER DOCUMENTATION OF THE FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE
BASIS FOR TARGETING UNDER SECTION 702 124
4.3.13. OTHER CHANGES UNDER SECTION 702 124
4.3.14. REDUCED SECRECY ABOUT NATIONAL SECURITY LETTERS 125
4.4. CONCLUSION 126
INVITED COMMENTS
5. THE PAPER SHIELD: ON THE DEGREE OF PROTECTION OF THE EU-US PRIVACY
SHIELD AGAINST UNNECESSARY OR DISPROPORTIONATE DATA COLLECTION
BY THE US INTELLIGENCE AND LAW ENFORCEMENT SERVICES
GERT
VERMEULEN
127
1. BACKGROUND: INADEQUACY OF THE US DATA PROTECTION REGIME:
CLEAR TO EVERYONE AFTER SNOWDEN 127
2. SAFE HARBOUR UNSAFE 130
3. SAFE HARBOUR IS DEAD 132
4. LONG LIVE THE PRIVACY SHIELD! 135
5. LIMITATIONS AND SAFEGUARDS REGARDING DATA COLLECTION IN THE INTEREST
OF NATIONAL SECURITY 137
5.1. COLLECTION AND ACCESS VERSUS ACCESS AND USE: ONE BIG
AMALGAMATION 137
5.2. BULK COLLECTION REMAINS POSSIBLE 140
5.3. ACCESS AND USE DO NOT COMPLY WITH STRICT NECESSITY
AND PROPORTIONALITY REQUIREMENTS 142
5.4. OMBUDSPERSON 145
6. LIMITATIONS AND SAFEGUARDS REGARDING DATA COLLECTION IN THE INTEREST
OF LAW ENFORCEMENT OR PUBLIC INTEREST 146
7. CONCLUSION 147
XXVI INTERSENTIA
CONTENTS
6. INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS IN BRAZIL
DANILO DONEDA 149
1. INTRODUCTION 149
2. THE SITUATION IN BRAZIL AND LATIN AMERICA 149
3. ELEMENTS OF REGULATION OF INTERNATIONAL DATA TRANSFERS IN BRAZIL 152
4. CONCLUSION 155
SECTION II
PRIVACY AND INTERNATIONAL TRADE
7. FROM ACTA TO TTIP: LESSONS LEARNED ON DEMOCRATIC PROCESS
AND BALANCING OF RIGHTS
TRISHA
MEYER
AND AGNIESZKA
VETULANI-CEGIEL
159
1. INTRODUCTION 159
1.1. ANTI-COUNTERFEITING TRADE AGREEMENT 160
1.2. TRANSATLANTIC TRADE AND INVESTMENT PARTNERSHIP 162
2. PARTICIPATORY TURN 164
2.1. PROBLEM DEFINITION 164
2.2. EUROPEAN COMMISSION PRINCIPLES OF GOOD GOVERNANCE 165
2.2.1. ANTI-COUNTERFEITING TRADE AGREEMENT 166
2.2.2. TRANSATLANTIC TRADE AND INVESTMENT PARTNERSHIP 168
3. BALANCING OF RIGHTS 170
3.1. PROBLEM DEFINITION 170
3.2. MAX PLANCK PRINCIPLES FOR INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROVISIONS
IN BILATERAL AND REGIONAL AGREEMENTS 171
3.2.1. ANTI-COUNTERFEITING TRADE AGREEMENT 172
3.2.2. TRANSATLANTIC TRADE AND INVESTMENT PARTNERSHIP 175
4. CONCLUSION 177
8. FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS AND DATA PRIVACY: FUTURE PERILS
OF FAUSTIAN BARGAINS
GRAHAM
GREENLEAF
181
1. INTRODUCTION - BARGAINING WITH PRIVACY RIGHTS 181
1.1. THE USA'S FORUM-SHIFTING ON PERSONAL DATA EXPORTS 182
1.2. DATA PRIVACY AGREEMENTS: NOT BANANAS 183
2. FTAS AND DATA PRIVACY PRIOR TO 2016 - A QUIESCENT PAST 185
2.1. GATS EXCEPTION AND UNPREDICTABLE WTO JURISPRUDENCE 185
2.2. REGIONAL TRADE AGREEMENTS - EXAMPLES 187
2.2.1. SAARC TRADE AGREEMENTS 188
2.2.2. ASEAN TRADE AGREEMENTS (ASEANFAS AND AANZFTA) . 188
2.2.3. LATIN AMERICA - THE PACIFIC ALLIANCE AGREEMENT 189
INTERSENTIA XXVII
CONTENTS
2.3. THE IMPACT OF MULTILATERAL FTAS ON PRIVACY PRIOR TO 2016 190
3. THE TRANS-PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP (TPP) AGREEMENT (2016) -
PRESENT DANGER 190
3.1. THE PARTIES, NOW AND FUTURE: NEARLY ALL OF APEC, PERHAPS
BEYOND 191
3.2. SCOPE INCLUDES ANY MEASURES AFFECTING TRADE 193
3.3. VAGUE AND UNENFORCEABLE REQUIREMENTS FOR PERSONAL INFORMATION
PROTECTION 193
3.4. DIRECT MARKETING LIMITATIONS 196
3.5. RESTRICTIONS ON DATA EXPORT LIMITATIONS 196
3.6. PROHIBITIONS ON DATA LOCALISATION 197
3.7. DISPUTE SETTLEMENT 198
3.8. THE SPECTRE OF ISDS 199
3.9. THE TPP AS AN ANTI-PRIVACY PRECEDENT 200
4. FTAS IN PROGRESS: THE VEIL OF SECRECY, LIFTED IN PART 202
4.1. TRADE IN SERVICES AGREEMENT (TISA) - POTENTIALLY
THE BROADEST FTA 203
4.2. FTAS INVOLVING THE EU - UNUSUAL OPENNESS AND PRIVACY
CONSTRAINTS 205
4.2.1. TRANSATLANTIC TRADE AND INVESTMENT PARTNERSHIP (TTIP) -
THE EU/USA FTA 206
4.2.2. EU-CANADA COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC AND TRADE
AGREEMENT (CETA) 208
4.3. REGIONAL COMPREHENSIVE ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP (RCEP) -
A TPP ALTERNATIVE OR COMPLEMENT 209
4.4. PACIFIC AGREEMENT ON CLOSER ECONOMIC RELATIONS (PACER)
PLUS - A PRIVACY OPPORTUNITY? 209
5. CONCLUSIONS: FUTURE FTAS, THE FOG OF TRADE AND NATIONAL PRIVACY
LAWS - FAUSTIAN BARGAINS? 210
INVITED COMMENT
9. NINE TAKEAWAYS ON TRADE AND TECHNOLOGY
MARIETJE SCHAAKE 213
1. NO OLD-SCHOOL TRADE - VIEWS TO ADDRESS THE DIGITAL ECONOMY
OF THE FUTURE 213
2. TRADE NEGOTIATIONS CAN LEARN FROM INTERNET GOVERNANCE 214
3. DON'T PANIC! PROPOSALS IN NEGOTIATIONS ARE NOT FINAL TEXTS 215
4. DATA FLOWS HAVE A LEGITIMATE PLACE IN 2L
ST
-CENTURY TRADE AGREEMENTS,
BUT THIS DOES NOT MEAN OUR PRIVACY WILL BE DESTROYED 215
5. TRADE AGREEMENTS CAN IMPROVE DIGITAL RIGHTS 216
6. STRENGTHENING DIGITAL TRADE IS NOT JUST A QUESTION OF DATA FLOWS 216
XXVIII INTERSENTIA
CONTENTS
7. THE POSSIBILITY OF SETTING INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS
TECHNOLOGIES STANDARDS IN TRADE AGREEMENTS SHOULD BE EXPLORED 217
8. DISCUSSIONS AT BILATERAL AND MULTILATERAL LEVELS ARE MOVING, MORE
SHOULD BE DONE AT THE WTO 217
9. LESSONS FROM ACTA ARE STILL RELEVANT 218
SECTION III
PRIVACY AND TERRITORIAL APPLICATION OF THE LAW
10. EXTRATERRITORIALITY IN THE AGE OF THE EQUIPMENT-BASED SOCIETY:
DO WE NEED THE 'USE OF EQUIPMENT' AS A FACTOR FOR THE TERRITORIAL
APPLICABILITY OF THE EU DATA PROTECTION REGIME?
MICHAL CZERNIAWSKI 221
1. INTRODUCTION 221
2. TERRITORIAL SCOPE OF THE DATA PROTECTION DIRECTIVE 224
3. ROLE OF EQUIPMENT' CRITERION IN PRACTICE 231
4. ARTICLE 3(2) OF THE GENERAL DATA PROTECTION REGULATION 234
4.1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION 234
4.2. POSSIBLE IMPACT ON THE EU-US DATA PRIVACY RELATIONSHIPS 236
5. CONCLUSION 239
11. JURISDICTIONAL CHALLENGES RELATED TO DNA DATA PROCESSING
IN TRANSNATIONAL CLOUDS
HEIDI BEATE
BENTZEN
AND DAN JERKER B.
SVANTESSON
241
1. INTRODUCTION 241
2. DNA IN THE CLOUDS - THE BASICS 242
2.1. HOW AND WHY DNA DATA IS USED 242
2.2. WHY CLOUD? 244
3. WHY IT IS SO IMPORTANT TO FIND LEGAL SOLUTIONS IN THIS FIELD 246
4. ENTERING THE INTERNATIONAL ARENA - PUBLIC, AND PRIVATE,
INTERNATIONAL LAW 250
4.1. PUBLIC INTERNATIONAL LAW: THE NOT SO GOLDEN TRIANGLE:
SOVEREIGNTY, TERRITORIALITY AND JURISDICTION 251
4.2. PRIVATE INTERNATIONAL LAW 253
4.2.1. WHERE DISPUTES SHOULD BE SETTLED 253
4.2.2. APPLICABLE LAW 254
5. CONTOURS OF A SOLUTION 256
5.1. THE LIMITS OF TERRITORIALITY 256
5.2. HARMONISATION 257
5.3. BETTER RELATION BETWEEN REGULATION AND TECHNOLOGY 258
5.4. RISK MITIGATION 258
INTERSENTIA XXIX
CONTENTS
5.5. EDUCATION 259
5.6. BALANCE OF RESPONSIBILITIES 259
6. CONCLUDING REMARKS 260
SECTION IV
PRIVACY AND CRIME
12. REGULATING ECONOMIC CYBER-ESPIONAGE AMONG STATES
UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW
MASA KOVIFI
DINE
263
1. INTRODUCTION 263
2. LEGALITY OF ESPIONAGE UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW 264
2.1. TRADITIONAL ESPIONAGE AND INTERNATIONAL LAW 264
2.2. DEFINITION OF ECONOMIC CYBER-ESPIONAGE/EXPLOITATION 268
3. SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF ECONOMIC CYBER-EXPLOITATION 270
4. ECONOMIC CYBER-EXPLOITATION AND PRIVACY CONSIDERATIONS
AT THE INTERNATIONAL LEVEL 272
5. ECONOMIC CYBER-ESPIONAGE AND THE TRIPS AGREEMENT 276
6. ACT OF PILLAGE 279
7. ECONOMIC CYBER-EXPLOITATION AMONG STATES 282
8. CONCLUSION 285
INVITED COMMENTS
13. TERRORISM AND PAEDOPHILIA ON THE INTERNET: A GLOBAL AND BALANCED
CYBER-RIGHTS RESPONSE IS REQUIRED TO COMBAT CYBERCRIME,
NOT KNEE-JERK REGULATION
FELICITY GERRY QC 287
1. INTRODUCTION 287
2. CYBER-COMMUNICATION 288
3. CYBER RIGHTS 290
4. CYBER FREEDOM 292
5. CYBER REGULATION 294
6. CYBER SURVEILLANCE 295
7. CYBER CHANGE 296
8. CYBER LAW 297
9. CYBER PROTECTION 301
10. CONCLUSION 302
14. UNDERSTANDING THE PERPETUATION OF'FAILURE': THE 15TH ANNIVERSARY
OF THE US TERRORIST FINANCE TRACKING PROGRAMME
ANTHONY
AMICELLE
305
XXX INTERSENTIA
CONTENTS
SECTION V
PRIVACY AND TIME
INVITED COMMENTS
15. DOES IT MATTER WHERE YOU DIE? CHANCES OF POST-MORTEM PRIVACY
IN EUROPE AND IN THE UNITED STATES
IVAN
SZEKELY
313
1. THE LEGAL LANDSCAPE 314
2. CONVERGING TECHNOLOGIES, DIVERGING POLICIES 316
3. PROSPECTS FOR THE FUTURE DECEASED 319
16. THE RIGHT TO BE FORGOTTEN, FROM THE TRANS-ATLANTIC TO JAPAN
HIROSHI
MIYASHITA
321
1. THE TRANS-ATLANTIC DEBATE 321
2. JUDICIAL DECISIONS IN JAPAN 322
2.1. FOR THE RIGHT TO BE FORGOTTEN 322
2.2. AGAINST THE RIGHT TO BE FORGOTTEN 323
3. DELISTING STANDARD 323
3.1. TORTS AND RIGHT TO BE FORGOTTEN 323
3.2. BALANCING 324
3.3. STANDARD-MAKING 325
4. TECHNICAL ISSUES 326
5. LEGISLATIVE DEBATE 327
6. TIME AND PRIVACY 328
PART II
THEORY OF PRIVACY
17. IS THE DEFINITION OF PERSONAL DATA FLAWED? HYPERLINK AS PERSONAL
DATA (PROCESSING)
JAKUB MISEK 331
1. INTRODUCTION 331
1.1. DEFINITION OF PERSONAL DATA 332
1.2. HYPERLINK AND PERSONAL DATA 336
1.2.1. HYPERLINK AS PERSONAL DATA 337
1.2.2. HYPERLINK AS PERSONAL DATA PROCESSING 338
1.2.3. COMPARISON OF THE TWO APPROACHES AND THEIR
CONSEQUENCES 340
1.2.4. PRACTICAL EXAMPLE 342
1.3. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION 343
INTERSENTIA XXXI
CONTENTS
18. BIG DATA AND 'PERSONAL INFORMATION' IN AUSTRALIA, THE EUROPEAN
UNION AND THE UNITED STATES
ALANA
MAURUSHAT
AND DAVID
VAILE
347
1. INTRODUCTION 347
2. BIG DATA, DE-IDENTIFICATION AND RE-IDENTIFICATION 349
3. DEFINITIONS OF INFORMATION CAPABLE OF IDENTIFYING A PERSON 351
3.1. 'PERSONAL INFORMATION (PI) IN AUSTRALIA 352
3.1.1. OAIC AUSTRALIAN PRIVACY PRINCIPLES GUIDELINES 353
3.1.2. FACTORS AFFECTING 'IDENTIFIABILITY' AND REASONABLENESS 354
3.1.3. 'NOT REASONABLY IDENTIFIABLE' - GUIDANCE? 357
3.1.4. CONSIDERATION OF THE SCOPE OF'PERSONAL INFORMATION 358
3.2. "PERSONAL INFORMATION' (PI) IN THE APEC PRIVACY FRAMEWORK 360
3.3. 'PERSONALLY IDENTIFYING INFORMATION' (PII) IN THE US 361
3.3.1. HIPAA 363
3.3.2. OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET 364
3.3.3. DATA BREACH 365
3.3.4. CHILDREN'S ONLINE PRIVACY PROTECTION ACT 365
3.4. DE-IDENTIFICATION 366
3.5. 'PERSONAL DATA (PD) IN EUROPE AND THE OECD 367
3.5.1. COE CONVENTION 108 367
3.5.2. OECD PRIVACY FRAMEWORK 368
3.5.3. EU DATA PROTECTION DIRECTIVE 368
3.5.4. EU E-PRIVACY DIRECTIVE 370
3.5.5. ARTICLE 29 DATA PROTECTION WORKING PARTY GUIDANCE 370
3.5.6. NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION EXAMPLE: UK DATA PROTECTION
ACT 1998 373
3.5.7. NEW EU GENERAL DATA PROTECTION REGULATION 374
4. COMPARING THE FRAMEWORKS 376
4.1. AUSTRALIA AND US 376
4.2. AUSTRALIA AND EU 376
4.3. US AND EU 377
5. CONCLUDING REMARKS 378
19. BLENDING THE PRACTICES OF PRIVACY AND INFORMATION SECURITY
TO NAVIGATE CONTEMPORARY DATA PROTECTION CHALLENGES
STEPHEN WILSON 379
1. INTRODUCTION 379
2. WHAT ENGINEERS UNDERSTAND ABOUT PRIVACY 380
3. REORIENTATING HOW ENGINEERS THINK ABOUT PRIVACY 382
3.1. PRIVACY IS NOT SECRECY 383
3.2. DEFINING PERSONAL INFORMATION 384
XXXII INTERSENTIA
CONTENTS
3.3. INDIRECT COLLECTION 385
4. BIG DATA AND PRIVACY 386
4.1. 'DNA HACKING' 387
4.2. THE RIGHT TO BE FORGOTTEN 388
4.3. SECURITY MEETS PRIVACY 389
5. CONCLUSION: RULES TO ENGINEER BY 390
20. IT'S ALL ABOUT DESIGN: AN ETHICAL ANALYSIS OF PERSONAL DATA MARKETS
SARAH
SPIEKERMANN
391
1. A SHORT UTILITARIAN REFLECTION ON PERSONAL DATA MARKETS 393
1.1. FINANCIAL BENEFITS 393
1.2. KNOWLEDGE AND POWER 393
1.3. BELONGINGNESS AND QUALITY OF HUMAN RELATIONS 394
2. A SHORT DEONTOLOGICAL REFLECTION ON PERSONAL DATA MARKETS 396
3. A SHORT VIRTUE-ETHICAL REFLECTION ON PERSONAL DATA MARKETS 400
4. CONCLUSION 403
PART III
ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO THE PROTECTION OF PRIVACY
21. EVALUATION OF US AND EU DATA PROTECTION POLICIES BASED
ON PRINCIPLES DRAWN FROM US ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
MARY JULIA
EMANUEL
407
1. INTRODUCTION 407
1.1. A BRIEF HISTORY OF US PRIVACY POLICY 409
1.2. A BRIEF HISTORY EUROPEAN PRIVACY POLICY 411
1.3. THE DANGERS OF SURVEILLANCE 412
1.4. RECOGNISING PRIVACY AS A SOCIETAL CONCERN 413
2. THREE PROPOSALS BASED ON CONCEPTS OF AMERICAN ENVIRONMENTAL
POLICY 415
2.1. RIGHT-TO-KNOW 416
2.1.1. THE EMERGENCY PLANNING AND COMMUNITY RIGHT-TO-KNOW
ACT OF 1986 416
2.1.2. ESTABLISHING THE RIGHT-TO-KNOW IN THE DATA PROTECTION
ARENA 417
2.1.3. EVALUATION OF RELEVANT US POLICY 418
2.1.4. EVALUATION OF RELEVANT EU POLICY 418
2.2. IMPACT ASSESSMENTS 419
2.2.1. THE NATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ACT OF 1970 419
2.2.2. NEPA AS A MODEL FOR PRIVACY IMPACT ASSESSMENT 420
2.2.3. EVALUATION OF RELEVANT US POLICY 421
INTERSENTIA XXXIII
CONTENTS
2.2.4. EVALUATION OF RELEVANT EU POLICY 421
2.3. OPT-IN PRIVACY POLICY 422
2.3.1. MINERAL RIGHTS AND THE VALUE OF'OPTING IN 422
2.3.2. CONSUMER BENEFITS FROM DATA COLLECTION 423
2.3.3. EVALUATION OF RELEVANT US POLICY 425
2.3.4. EVALUATION OF RELEVANT EU POLICY 425
3. CONCLUSION 426
22. FLAGRANT DENIAL OF DATA PROTECTION: REDEFINING THE ADEQUACY
REQUIREMENT
ELS DE BUSSER 429
1. POINT OF DEPARTURE 429
2. REASONS FOR USING EXTRADITION IN REDEFINING ADEQUACY 431
2.1. INTERSTATE COOPERATION 432
2.2. PROTECTED INTERESTS AND HUMAN RIGHTS 433
2.3. TRUST 436
2.4. JURISPRUDENCE 436
3. USING THE PERIMETERS OF EXTRADITION FOR DATA PROTECTION 437
3.1. AVOIDANCE STRATEGIES 438
3.1.1. NEGATED AND ASSUMED ADEQUACY 438
3.1.2. ASSURANCES 439
3.1.3. LEGAL REMEDIES 442
3.1.4. EVIDENCE 442
3.2. REAL RISK 443
3.3. NEW LIMIT FOR THE ADEQUACY REQUIREMENT 446
4. CONCLUSION: A FLAGRANT DENIAL OF DATA PROTECTION 447
23. A BEHAVIOURAL ALTERNATIVE TO THE PROTECTION OF PRIVACY
DARIUSZ KLOZA 451
1. INTRODUCTION 451
2. TOOLS FOR PRIVACY PROTECTION 459
2.1. REGULATORY TOOLS 459
2.1.1. LEGAL TOOLS 459
2.1.2. NOT ONLY LAW REGULATES 466
2.2. BEYOND REGULATION 467
2.2.1. ORGANISATIONAL PROTECTIONS 467
2.2.2. TECHNOLOGICAL PROTECTIONS 471
3. INADEQUACIES OF CONTEMPORARILY AVAILABLE TOOLS FOR PRIVACY PROTECTION
. 473
3.1. INTRODUCTION: IRREVERSIBILITY OF HARM 473
3.2. INADEQUACIES 476
3.2.1. REGULATORY TOOLS 476
XXXIV INTERSENTIA
CONTENTS
3.2.2. ORGANISATIONAL TOOLS 487
3.2.3. TECHNOLOGICAL TOOLS 489
4. THE BEHAVIOURAL ALTERNATIVE 491
4.1. HISTORY 491
4.2. TYPOLOGY 493
4.3. IMPLICATIONS 498
4.3.1. CHARACTERISTICS 498
4.3.2. CONDITIONS 499
4.3.3. PROBLEMS 502
5. CONCLUSION 504
24. THE FUTURE OF AUTOMATED PRIVACY ENFORCEMENT
JAKE
GOLDENFEIN
507
1. CHARACTERISING CONTEMPORARY LAW ENFORCEMENT SURVEILLANCE 508
2. THE UTILITY OF EXISTING LEGAL MECHANISMS 509
3. ARTICULATION INTO INFRASTRUCTURE 510
4. AUTOMATED PRIVACY ENFORCEMENT 511
5. QUESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH 517
6. CONCLUSION 519
25. MOVING BEYOND THE SPECIAL RAPPORTEUR ON PRIVACY WITH THE
ESTABLISHMENT
OF A NEW, SPECIALISED UNITED NATIONS AGENCY: ADDRESSING THE DEFICIT
IN GLOBAL COOPERATION FOR THE PROTECTION OF DATA PRIVACY
PAUL
DE HERT
AND VAGELIS
PAPAKONSTANTINOU
521
1. INTRODUCTION 521
2. THE DEFICIT IN GLOBAL COOPERATION FOR THE PROTECTION OF DATA PRIVACY
523
3. PAST AND RECENT UN INITIATIVES IN THE DATA PRIVACY FIELD 526
4. SUGGESTING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A NEW, SPECIALISED UN AGENCY
ON DATA PRIVACY 527
5. THE WIPO MODEL AS USEFUL GUIDANCE TOWARDS THE ESTABLISHMENT
OF A UN SYSTEM FOR THE GLOBAL PROTECTION OF DATA PRIVACY 529
6. CONCLUSION 531
INVITED COMMENT
26. CONVENTION 108, A TRANS-ATLANTIC DNA?
SOPHIE KWASNY 533
1. CONVENTION 108, TRANS-ATLANTIC AT BIRTH 534
2. DEFINITELY MORE TRANS-ATLANTIC 30 YEARS LATER 535
2.1. CANADA 535
INTERSENTIA XXXV
CONTENTS
2.2. MEXICO 535
2.3. URUGUAY 536
2.4. UNITED STATES 536
2.5. THE IBERO-AMERICAN NETWORK OF DATA PROTECTION AUTHORITIES
(RED IBEROAMERICANA DE PROTECTION DE DATOS) 537
3. A NEW LANDSCAPE: THE COMMITTEE OF CONVENTION 108 538
4. TO ULTIMATELY TRANSCEND ALL BORDERS 538
5. CONCLUSION 540
CONCLUSION
27. LANDSCAPE WITH THE RISE OF DATA PRIVACY PROTECTION
DAN JERKER B. SVANTESSON AND DARIUSZ KLOZA 545
1. INTRODUCTION 545
2. GENERAL OBSERVATIONS 546
2.1. NOVELTY OF THE CONCEPT OF DATA PRIVACY AND A GROWING NATURE
THEREOF 546
2.2. THE RAPID AND CONTINUOUS CHANGE OF DATA PRIVACY, ITS DIAGNOSES
AND SOLUTIONS 548
2.3. ENTANGLEMENT OF DATA PRIVACY IN THE ENTIRETY OF TRANS-ATLANTIC
RELATIONS 553
2.4. INTERMEZZO: AUDIATUR ET ALTERA PARS 553
3. SPECIFIC OBSERVATIONS 554
3.1. REGULATION OF CROSS-BORDER DATA FLOWS 554
3.2. TERRITORIAL REACH OF DATA PRIVACY LAW 557
3.3. FREE TRADE AGREEMENTS AND DATA PRIVACY 559
3.4. REGULATION OF ENCRYPTION 561
3.5. REGULATION OF WHISTLE-BLOWING 562
4. A FEW MODEST SUGGESTIONS AS TO THE FUTURE SHAPE OF TRANS-ATLANTIC
DATA PRIVACY RELATIONS 564
XXXVI INTERSENTIA |
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| id | DE-604.BV044425418 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-11T16:59:21Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781780684345 1780684347 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029826930 |
| oclc_num | 1004313403 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-M382 |
| owner_facet | DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-M382 |
| physical | xl, 567 Seiten 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateSearch | 2017 |
| publishDateSort | 2017 |
| publisher | Intersentia |
| record_format | marc |
| series | European integration and democracy series |
| series2 | European integration and democracy series |
| spelling | Trans-Atlantic data privacy relations as a challenge for democracy edited by Dan Jerker B. Svantesson, Dariusz Kloza Cambridge ; Antwerp ; Portland Intersentia [2017] xl, 567 Seiten 24 cm txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier European integration and democracy series Volume 4 Literaturangaben Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd rswk-swf Privacy, Right ofzEuropean Union countries Privacy, Right ofzUnited States Data protectionxLaw and legislationzEuropean Union countries Data protectionxLaw and legislationzUnited States National securityzEuropean Union countries National securityzUnited States Datenschutz (DE-588)4011134-9 gnd rswk-swf Privatsphäre (DE-588)4123980-5 gnd rswk-swf Sicherheitspolitik (DE-588)4116489-1 gnd rswk-swf Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 b Privatsphäre (DE-588)4123980-5 s Datenschutz (DE-588)4011134-9 s Sicherheitspolitik (DE-588)4116489-1 s DE-604 Svantesson, Dan Jerker B. edt Kloza, Dariusz (DE-588)1026926475 edt European integration and democracy series Volume 4 (DE-604)BV044771377 4 SWB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029826930&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Trans-Atlantic data privacy relations as a challenge for democracy European integration and democracy series Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Privacy, Right ofzEuropean Union countries Privacy, Right ofzUnited States Data protectionxLaw and legislationzEuropean Union countries Data protectionxLaw and legislationzUnited States National securityzEuropean Union countries National securityzUnited States Datenschutz (DE-588)4011134-9 gnd Privatsphäre (DE-588)4123980-5 gnd Sicherheitspolitik (DE-588)4116489-1 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)5098525-5 (DE-588)4011134-9 (DE-588)4123980-5 (DE-588)4116489-1 |
| title | Trans-Atlantic data privacy relations as a challenge for democracy |
| title_auth | Trans-Atlantic data privacy relations as a challenge for democracy |
| title_exact_search | Trans-Atlantic data privacy relations as a challenge for democracy |
| title_full | Trans-Atlantic data privacy relations as a challenge for democracy edited by Dan Jerker B. Svantesson, Dariusz Kloza |
| title_fullStr | Trans-Atlantic data privacy relations as a challenge for democracy edited by Dan Jerker B. Svantesson, Dariusz Kloza |
| title_full_unstemmed | Trans-Atlantic data privacy relations as a challenge for democracy edited by Dan Jerker B. Svantesson, Dariusz Kloza |
| title_short | Trans-Atlantic data privacy relations as a challenge for democracy |
| title_sort | trans atlantic data privacy relations as a challenge for democracy |
| topic | Europäische Union (DE-588)5098525-5 gnd Privacy, Right ofzEuropean Union countries Privacy, Right ofzUnited States Data protectionxLaw and legislationzEuropean Union countries Data protectionxLaw and legislationzUnited States National securityzEuropean Union countries National securityzUnited States Datenschutz (DE-588)4011134-9 gnd Privatsphäre (DE-588)4123980-5 gnd Sicherheitspolitik (DE-588)4116489-1 gnd |
| topic_facet | Europäische Union Privacy, Right ofzEuropean Union countries Privacy, Right ofzUnited States Data protectionxLaw and legislationzEuropean Union countries Data protectionxLaw and legislationzUnited States National securityzEuropean Union countries National securityzUnited States Datenschutz Privatsphäre Sicherheitspolitik |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029826930&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV044771377 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT svantessondanjerkerb transatlanticdataprivacyrelationsasachallengefordemocracy AT klozadariusz transatlanticdataprivacyrelationsasachallengefordemocracy |