International communism and the cult of the individual: leaders, tribunes and martyrs under Lenin and Stalin
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Palgrave Macmillan
[2017]
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | Contents
1 Introduction: Wherever a Communist Party is at Work... 1
2 Cult Developments 1917-1956 25
3 Cult Variations 71
3.1 Integrating and Enkindling 71
3.2 A Unifying Concept 80
3.3 cBy Desert and Accident*: The Enkindling Figure 93
3.4 Capital and Charisma 103
4 Leader Cults 127
4.1 A Leader Made of Filth 127
4.2 Maurice Thorez*s Party 140
4.3 Office Boys and Lifelong Fighters 158
5 Cults of Circumstance 185
5.1 Comintern People 185
5.2 Writers in Arms 203
5.3 The Red and the Grey 221
vii
CONTENTS
viii
6 Cult Representations 257
6.1 Remembering Stalin ys Pipe 257
6.2 The Impossible Cult Biography 277
6.3 The Cult of the Individual in History 293
7 Cult Reflections: No Saviour from on High 327
Select Bibliography 339
Index 349
Select Bibliography
This select bibliography lists archival sources and the principal scholarly texts
relating to communism and the cult of the individual consulted specifically
for this study. Full references will be found in the endnotes, and these include
extensive contemporary printed sources which are not separately listed here.
Principal Archival Sources
Archives Départmentales de la Seine-Saint-Denis
Parti communiste français archives including PCF secretariat and central commit-
tee; Fonds Jean-Richard Bloch; Fonds Marcel Cachin; Fonds André Marty
Archives Nationales, Paris
Fonds Maurice Thorez
Centre d’Histoire Sociale du XXe siècle, Paris
Fonds André Marty
National Archives, London
Security Service personal files (KV 2)
© The Author(s) 2017
K. Morgan, International Communism and the Cult
of the Individual, DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-55667-7
339
340 SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
Parti communiste français, Paws
Fonds Henri Barbusse
People’s History Museum, Manchester
Communist Party of Great Britain archives including CPGB central committee,
R. Palme Dutt papers, William Gallacher papers, Tom Mann papers, Harry
Pollitt papers
Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History
(RGASPI), Moscow
Comintern archives including Comintern personal files, Marty secretariat, CPGB
and Parti communiste beige opisi
Scholarly Books and Articles
Giinter Agde, Kämpfer Biographic eines Films und seiner Macher (Berlin: Das
Neue Berlin, 2001).
Aldo Agosti, Palmiro Togliatti. A biography (London: I.B. Tauris, 2008).
Gleb J. Albert, ‘“Esteemed Comintern!” The Communist International and
world-revolutionary charisma in early Soviet society’, TCC, 8 (2015), 10-39.
Balázs Apor, The invisible ShiningЛ* the cult of Mátyás Rákosi in stalinist Hungary,
1945-1956 (Budapest: Central European University Press, forthcoming 2017).
Balázs Apor, ‘Leader in the making: the role of biographies in constructing the
cult of Mátyás Rákosi’ in Apor et al., Leader Cult, pp. 63-82.
Balázs Apor, ‘National traditions and the leader cult in communist Hungary in the
early cold war years’, 1 (2009), 50-71.
Balázs Apor et al. (eds), The Leader Cult in Communist Dictatorships. Stalin and
the Eastern bloc (Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004).
Gilbert Badia, Clara Zetkin, feministe sans frontier es (Paris: Éditions Ouvrières,
1993).
Gilbert Badia, ‘Le comité Thaelmann’ in Badia et al., Les bannis de Hitler. Accueil
et lutte des exiles allemandsen France 1933-1939(Paris: Études et Documentation
Internationales, 1984), pp. 199-260.
James R. Barrett, ‘Revolution and personal crisis: communist politics and personal
narrative in the life of William Z. Foster’ in Morganet al., Agents of the
Revolution, pp. 111-32.
James R. Barrett, William Z. Foster and the Tragedy of American Radicalism
(Urbana Chicago, ILL: University of Illinois Press, 1999).
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY 341
Philippe Baudorre, Barbusse. Le pourfendeur de lu Grande Guerre (Paris:
Flammarion, 1995).
Jan C. Behrends, ‘Drei Gesichter der Führerkults. Eine vergleichende Skizze zu
Bolschewismus, Faschismus und Nationalsozialismus’ in Ennker and Hein-
Kircher, Der Führer im Europa des 20. Jahrhunderts, pp. 325-46.
Jan C. Behrends, ‘Exporting the leader: the Stalin cult in Poland and East Germany
(1944/5-1956)’ in Apor, Leader Cult, pp. 161-78.
Jean-Pierre A. Bernard, ‘La liturgie funèbre des communistes (1924-1983)’,
Vingtième Siècle. Revue d’histoire, 9 (1986), 37-52.
Jean-Pierre A. Bernard, Le Parti communiste français et la question littéraire
(Grenoble: Presses Universitaires de Grenoble, 1972).
Andrew G. Bonnell, ‘The Lassalle cult in German social democracy’, Australian
Journal of Politics and History, 35 (1989), 50-60.
Victoria E. Bonnell, Iconography of Power. Soviet political posters under Lenin and
Stalin (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1993).
Marie-Cécile Bouju, Lire en communiste. Les Maisons d’édition du Parti commu-
niste français 1920-1968 (Rennes: Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2010).
David Brandenberger, National Bolshevism. Stalinist mass culture and the forma-
tion of modern Russian national identity 1931-1956 (Cambridge, Mass.:
Harvard University Press, 2002).
David Brandenberger, Propaganda State in Crisis. Soviet ideology, indoctrination, and
terror under Stalin, 1927-1941 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2011).
D.L. Brandenberger and A.M. Dubrovsky, “‘The people need a tsar”. The emer-
gence of national bolshevism as stalinist ideology, 1931-1941’, Europe-Asia
Studies, 50 (1998), 873-82.
David Brandenberger, ‘Stalin as symbol: a case study of the personality cult and its
construction’ in Davies and Harris, Stalin: a new history, pp. 249-70.
Pierre Brocheux, Ho Chi Minh (Paris: Presses de Science Po, 2000).
Jeffrey Brooks, Thank You, Comrade Stalin! Soviet public culture from revolution to
Cold War (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000).
Peter Burke, The Fabrication of Louis XIV (Cambridge, MA: Yale University Press,
1992) .
Luciano Cavalli, ‘Considerations on charisma and the cult of charismatic leader-
ship’, Modem Italy, 3 (1998), 159-71.
William J. Chase, ‘Stalin as producer: the Moscow show trials and the construction
of mortal threats’ in Davies and Harris, Stalin: a new history, pp. 226^8.
Ian Christie, ‘Canons and careers: the director in Soviet cinema’ in Richard Taylor
and Derek Spring (eds), Stalinism and Soviet Cinema (London: Routledge,
1993) .
Katerina Clark, Moscow, the Fourth Rome. Stalinism, cosmopolitanism, and the evo-
lution of Soviet culture, 1931-1941 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press,
2011).
342 SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY
Katerina Clark, The Soviet Novel. History as ritual (Chicago, ILL: University of
Chicago Press, 1981).
Vanessa Codaccioni, Punir les opposants. PCF et procès politiques (1947-1962)
(Paris: CNRS Éditions, 2013).
Yves Cohen, ‘The cult of number one in an age of leaders’, Kritika: Explorations
in Russian and Eurasian History, 8 (2007), 597-634.
Yves Cohen, Le Siècle des chefs. Une histoire transnationale du commandement et de
Vautorité (1890-1940) (Paris: Éditions Amsterdam, 2013).
Alexander C. Cook (ed.), Mao^s Little Red Book. A global history (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 2014).
Alexander Courban, Gabriel Péri: un homme politique, un député, un journaliste
(Paris: La Dispute, 2011).
Sarah Davies, cThe “cult” of the Vozhd representations in letters from 1934 41’,
Russian History, 24 (1997), 131-47.
Sarah Davies, Popular Opinion in Stalinas Russia. Terror, propaganda and dissent,
1934-1941 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
Sarah Davies, ‘Stalin and the making of the leader cult in the 1930s’ in Apor et al.,
Leader Cult, pp. 29-46.
Sarah Davies and James Harris (eds), Stalin: a new history (Cambridge: Cambridge
University Press, 2005).
Isaac Deutscher, The Prophet Unarmed. Trotsky: 1929-1940 (Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1970 edn).
Isaac Deutscher, The Prophet Outcast. Trotsky: 1921-1929 (Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 1970 edn).
Isaac Deutscher, Stalin. A political biography (Oxford: Oxford University Press,
1949).
Judith Devlin, “‘Recreating history on film”. Stalin and the Russian revolution in
feature film, 1937-1939’, Media History, 13 (2007), 149-68.
Benno Ennker, Die Anfänge des Leninkults in der Sowjetunion (Cologne: Bohlau
Verlag, 1997).
Benno Ennker, ‘The origins and intentions of the Lenin cult’ in Ian D. Thatcher
(ed.), Regime and Society in Twentieth-Century Russia. Selected papers from the
Fifth World Congress of Central and East European Studies, Warsaw, 1995
(Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1995).
Benno Enkker, ‘The Stalin cult, Bolshevik rule and Kremlin interaction in the
1930s’ in Apor et al. (eds), Leader Cult, pp. 83-101.
Benno Ennker and Heidi Hein-Kircher (eds), Der Führer im Europa des 20.
Jahrhunderts (Marburg: Herder-Institut, 2010).
Orlando Figes and Boris Kolonitskii, Interpreting the Russian Revolution. The lan-
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Philippe Forest, Aragon (Paris: Gallimard, 2015).
SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY 343
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(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2013).
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tiques (Brussels: Editions Aden, n.d.).
José Gotovitch, ‘Construction and deconstruction of a cult: Edgar Lalmand and
the Communist Party of Belgium5, ТСС, 1 (2009), 129-52.
Jean-Marie Goulemot, Pour Pamour de Staline. La face oubliée du communisme
français (Paris: CNRS, 2009 edn).
Stephen Gundle, ‘The legacy of the prison notebooks: Gramsci, the PCI and
Italian culture in the post-war period5 in Christopher Duggan and Christopher
Wagstaff (eds), Italy in the Cold War. Politics, culture and society 1948-58
(Oxford: Berg, 1995), pp. 131-48.
Stephen Gundle, Christopher Duggan and Giuliana Peri (eds), The Cult of the
Duce. Mussolini and the Italians (Manchester: Manchester University Press,
2013).
Anssi Halmesvirta, ‘A foreign benefactor and a domestic liberator: the cults of
Lenin and Mannerheim in Finland5, Scandinavian Journal of History 34
(2009), 414-32.
Rolf Helle bust, ‘Reflections on an absence: novelistic portraits of Stalin before
19535 in Nina Kolesnikoff and Walter Smyrniw (eds), Socialist Realism
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Klaus Heller and Jan Plamper (eds), Personality Cults in Stalinism - Personenkulte
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Gina Hermami, Written in Red: the communist memoir in Spain, 2010 (Urbana,
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Brigitte Studer, The Transnational World of the Cominternians (Basingstoke:
Palgrave Macmillan, 2015).
Brigitte Studer and Heiko Haumann (eds), Stalinistische Subjekte. Individuum
und System in der Sowjetunion und Der Komintern 1929—1953 (Zurich:
Chronos, 2006).
Ronald Grigor Suny, ‘Stalin and his Stalinism: power and authority in the Soviet
Union, 1930-53’ in Kershaw and Lewin (eds), Stalinism and Nazism, pp. 26-52.
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G.R. Swain, ‘Tito: the formation of a disloyal Bolshevik’, International Review of
Social History, 34 (1989), 248-71.
Geoffrey Swain, Tito. A biography (London: Tauris, 2011).
Andrew Thorpe, ‘Communist MP: Willie Gallacher and British communism’ in
Morgan et al., Agents of the Revolution, pp. 133-58.
Alexey Tikhomorov, ‘The Stalin cult between center and periphery: the structures
of the cult community in the empire of socialism, 1949-1956 - the case of
GDR’ in Ennker and Hein-Kircher, Der Führer im Europa des 20, pp. 297-324.
Robert C. Tucker, ‘The rise of Stalin’s personality cult’, American Historical
Review, 84 (1979), 347-66.
Robert C. Tucker, Stalin in Rower.: The revolution from above 1928-1941 (New
York: W.W. Norton, 1992 edn).
Nina Tumarkin, Lenin Lives! The Lenin cult in Soviet Russia (Cambridge, MA:
Harvard University Press, 1983).
Tania Ünlüdag-Puschnerat, ‘A German communist: Clara Zetkin (1857-1933)’ in
Morgan et al., Agents of the Revolution, pp. 93-110.
G.R. Udey, Picasso: the communist years (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press,
2000).
Erik van Ree, The Political Thought of Joseph Stalin. A study in twentieth-century
revolutionary patriotism (London: Roudedge Curzon, 2002).
Olga Velikanova, Making of an Idol. On uses of Lenin (Gottingen: Muster֊ Schmidt
Verlag, 1996).
Eric D. Weitz, ‘“Rosa Luxemburg belongs to us!”’ German communism and the
Luxemburg legacy’, Central European History, 27 (1994), 27-64.
Annette Wieviorka, Maurice et Jeannette: biographie du couple Thorez (Paris:
Fayard, 2010).
Annette Wieviorka, ‘Picasso and Stalin’ in Lynda Morris and Christoph Grunenberg
(eds), Picasso: peace and freedom (London: Tate Publishing, 2010), pp. 26-33.
Serge Wolikow (ed.), Pierre Semard. Engagements, discipline et fidelité (Paris:
Cherche Midi, 2007).
Rashit Yangorov, ‘ Onwards and Upwards!: the origins of the Lenin cult in Soviet
cinema’ in Richard Taylor and Derek Spring (eds), Stalinism and Soviet Cinema
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Tovah Yedlin, Maxim Gorky. Apolitical biography (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1999).
INDEX
A
Abusch, Alexander, 201
Alliluyeva, Nadezhda, 89, 282
Alves, Castro, 88
Amado, Jorge, 88, 97-9,194, 218,
288-9, 304
The Cavalier of Hope, 97, 98, 108
Amendola, Giorgo, 237
anarchism/anarchists, 12, 48,193
Antikainen, Toivo, 197
Aragon, Louis, 145, 157, 214-18,
220,299
biographical details, 215-17
on Gabriel Péri, 146, 196, 292
and Les Lettres françaises, 275-6
and Thorez, 216-17
writings, 216, 217, 226, 280
Arbeiter Illustrierte Zeitung,
189,198,266
Arendt, Hannah, cited, 77, 92
Arma, Paul, 193
Arp, Hans, 192
Atatürk, Mustafa Kemal, 91
Australia
communist party, 55, 84, 89
B
Bakunin, Mikhail, 12,203
Baldwin, Stanley, compared to Stalin,
140,265
Barbusse, Henri, 27-8, 39,151, 166,
188, 192,210,219, 224
career details, 210-12
Clarté movement, 212
cult of, 139, 143,213-15
death, 212-15
Monde, 131, 188,212-13, 224
and PCF, 212-14
Stalin film scenario, 261-2, 285
and Thorez, 215-16
writings, 212, 285
Stalin biography, 18, 29, 36, 50, 71,
83, 131-3, 135,139, 140, 197,
214, 269-70, 278, 282-5, 288,
291,333
Note: Page numbers followed by “n” denote notes.
©The Author(s) 2017
K. Morgan, International Communism and the Cult
of the Individual, DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-55667-7
349
350 INDEX
Barbusse, Henri (cont.)
Thalmann pamphlet, 84, 139, 188,
191—4, 199, 214
Bebel, August, 28, 203, 205
Bedny, Demyan, 27, 28
Belgium, 74, 158, 296
communist party, 50, 113nl7,
165-9, 232
conference (Charleroi, 1935), 167
Parti ouvrier beige, 165—6
Trotskyism, 167
Bell, Tom, 130
on John Maclean, 303
Beloyannis, Nikos, drawn by
Picasso, 271
Benjamin, Walter, cited, 276
Berei, Andor, 165, 167
Beria, L.P., 306
Bernal, J.D., 82, 295, 296
Bernstein, Eduard, 12, 17, 18, 76, 77,
300,331,334
Bierut, Boleslaw, 40, 41, 293
Bihalji-Merin, Oto, 296
biography/biographies
cadre biographies, 107, 137,
158-60, 166, 168,289
of communist cult figures, 15, 27,
45, 78, 89, 105-6,277-93, 330
(see also individual authors and
subjects)
birthdays and anniversaries
of communist cult figures, 1-3, 16,
27, 34, 38-42, 50, 54-6, 82,
91-2, 102, 149-50, 154, 156,
193, 200, 222-3, 226-7,
229-30, 232, 263, 305, 327
of historical figures, 91
Blanqui, Auguste, 304
Bloch, Jean-Richard, 144, 287,294, 295
on Stalin, 286, 294
Bloor, Ella Reeve ‘Mother,’ 51, 231
Blum, Léon, 142-3, 147, 231
Bolívar, Simón, 98, 304
Bonaparte, Napoleon, 138, 298
Bonapartism, 10, 33, 110, 133
Borkenau, Franz, cited, 43, 100-1,
103, 107-9, 111, 163, 164
Bossuet, Jacques Bénine, 305—6
Bourke-White, Margaret, 268-9
Brazil, 47, 88, 97, 98, 108
communist party, 97
Brecht, Bertolt, 191
Bredel, Willi, 201,280
Brezhnev, Leonid, 333
Browder, Earl, 43, 130, 137, 222,
261,297
biography and family background, 88
as cult figure, 44, 48, 50, 111, 139,
162,231-2, 277, 304
expulsion and anathématisation, 44,
155-6, 232
radio broadcasts, 265
Buck, Tim, 296
as cult figure, 45, 48, 49
Bukharin, Nikolai, 33-5, 128, 207,
208,282, 297
Bulgaria, 49, 188, 191, 196, 200
communist party, 200, 202
Bunyan, John, 299
Burns, Emile, 169-70
Byron, George Gordon, Lord,
204, 214
C
Caballero, Largo, 51-2
Cachin, Marcel, 18, 25-6, 51,81,
101, 141, 146, 149,213, 223
biography and family background,
143, 148, 229
drawn by Picasso, 275-6
as foundation cult figure, 102,
142-3, 151, 187,212, 222,
224,228-31
INDEX 351
birthdays commemorated, (1934);
(1949), 42, 229, 230
in Second World War, 148
and Stalin cult, 81, 136-8
Campanella, Tomasso, 14, 203
Campbell, J.R., 161, 163
Cannon, James P., 231, 232
capital, human and biographical,
104-7, 110-12
as factors in cult construction, 53,
129, 140-2,145-7,151-2,154,
157-63,170,188,190-2,202,
203,216-17,222, 224,226,
233,236,271,279,287,292-3
Carlyle, Thomas, 13
ideal of the hero, 132, 293, 305
Carr, E.H., cited, 96
Carrillo, Santiago, 100, 108
Casanova, Danielle, 146
Ceau^escu, Nicolai and Elena, 91
executed, 327
Cervantes, Miguel de, 299
Chaintron, Jean, 2, 293
Chamberlin, W.H., 135, 267-8
Charisma, defined and discussed, 11,
38,74,75, 103-12, 136, 288,
296, 331, 333, 335
Chervenkov, Valko, 41
Chiang Kai֊shek, 9
Chiaureli, Mikhail
The Fall of Berlin (1949), 39, 88,
264,285-6
The Vow (1946), 39, 88
China, 187
communist party, 41, 56-7, 185
Cultural Revolution, 41, 106, 218,
327
Chopin, Frederic, 204
Christian imagery and analogies in
communist cults, 27, 30, 32, 52,
98,103,108, 197,213, 228,
231,279, 280
Churchill, Winston, 29, 38, 40,
165,265
class and social origin, as factor in cult
construction, 83-6, 89-90
Clemenceau, Georges, 221
Cogniot, Georges, 220
Cohen, Rose, 162
Cold War, 39, 53,215,235
as second phase of cult֊building, 4,
7-8, 43, 47, 49, 73-6, 79, 92,
94,135, 141,142, 148, 169,
170, 201, 215, 219, 264, 293,
306,328-9
Communist Information Bureau
(Cominform), 153, 237
Communist International
(Comintern), 27, 83, 96, 234,
265, 331
congresses, (1919); (1921); (1922);
(1928); (1935), 43, 106, 138,
223, 229,267,300-2
and cult of the individual, 9, 35, 38,
42-3,45,46, 107, 135-8,
185-6,190-1, 200, 202-3, 222
executive (ECCI) and secretariats,
166, 224
International Lenin School, 83,
137, 166
press and publications, 44, 132
West European Bureau, 187-8
women’s secretariat, 224
congress ritual and ceremonial, as
examples of cult practices, 43-4,
53,109-10, 138,143-4, 162-3,
187,191,209-10,229,235-6,
266, 269, 303
Constant, Benjamin, 98
Cook, A.J.,46
Cornford, John, 99,138,199
Cromwell, Oliver, 298
cult community, concept of discussed,
6-7
352 INDEX
cult of the individual, defined, 10-11,
17-18
Czechoslovakia, 170
communist party, 40-1, 54, 266
D
Dahlem, Franz, 156
Daix, Pierre, 216
Dali, Salvador, 192
Darwin, Charles, 299
da Vinci, Leonardo, 33, 299
Davis, Angela, 332
Debs, Eugene, 47, 233
de Gaulle, Charles, 38, 147, 149, 152,
265, 296
De Leon, Daniel, 29
de Man, Hendrik, 296
Dennis, Eugene, 233
Deutscher, Isaac
Stalin biography, 279
Diaz, José, 43, 44, 50, 84-6, 100-1,
103, 109-10, 196
Dickens, Charles, 298
Dimitrov, Elena, 191, 193
Dimitrov, Georgi, 38, 45-6, 53-4,
86-7, 97, 107, 111, 128, 135,
138, 140, 151, 153, 170, 227,
229, 259, 292,304, 306
as cult figure, 9-10,46, 52, 107,
154, 185-203 passim, 261,
277, 304
biographies, 195, 200, 202
cult film Fighters (1936), 195, 200,
262,280
death (1949), 41, 152, 202, 215
family and domestic relations, 90,
191, 279-80
heads Comintern, 9, 42-3, 189-90,
199-200
heads post-war Bulgaria, 53^1,
200, 202
at Reichstag fire trial (1933), 9, 36,
96, 107,162, 185-8, 195, 202
writings works, 193, 195, 221
dress and appearance, cult conventions
and peculiarities, 44, 84, 103,
128, 138-40, 167-8,257
Duclos, Jacques, 4, 92, 146, 148,
213,220
Ducroux, Joseph, 154
Dun, Mao, 299
Duranty, Waiter, 39, 268
Dutt, R. Palme, 84, 161-3, 228, 283
on Lenin, 2, 206-7, 283
on Stalin, 2, 130, 306
E
Eastman, Max, 33, 110-11
Ebert, Friedrich, 295
Eisenstein, Sergei, 260
Ivan the Terrible, 14
October (1927), 34, 36, 197, 262
Eisner, Kurt, 11
elections, cults represented in, 47-8,
88, 143, 265
Éluard, Paul, 2, 148, 275
Engels, Friedrich, 208
anniversary (1935), 81, 300
as cult figure, 190, 206, 209-301
enkindling cult, defined and discussed,
8-9, 77-8, 93-103 passim
Ernst, Max, 192
Essad-Bey, Stalin biographer, 267, 281
F
family and domestic relations, in cult
construction, 88-91, 101, 109,
194, 266,279-80, 282
fascism
Institute for the Study of
(Paris), 296
INDEX 353
leader cults, 43, 134
communist attitudes to, 295-6
Feuchtwanger, Lion, 71, 134, 295
film and cinema, cults represented in,
2, 29, 36-7, 39-10, 48, 74,
88,90,192,195,200-1,
208,215,258-64, 269, 275,
279-80
Finland, 29, 53
communist party, 85-6
First World War, 28, 155, 163, 212
Flynn, Elizabeth Gurley, 288
Foot, Michael, cited, 96
Ford, James B., 88
Foster, William Z., 48, 88
as cult figure, 4, 41, 50, 231-3
writings, 232-3
autobiographies, 45, 233, 288-9
Fougeron, André, 275
founders and veterans, as cult figures,
221-37, 292
Tour Giants5 (Marx-Engels-Lenin-
Stalin), 81-2, 190, 219, 222
depicted by Klutsis, 206, 209,
266,269
Fourier, Charles, 204
Fox, Ralph, 213-14
on Dimitrov, 195-6
Lenin biography, 52, 283-4, 300
Frachon, Benoit, 146
France, 25, 72, 91
Association Republican des Anciens
Combattants, 152
Ciné-Liberté, 260, 261
communist party, 2-4, 7-9, 25-6,
42, 49, 50, 53, 82,90-2, 105,
140-58, 165, 203, 212-21,
229-31,266, 280, 282-8,
303-4
anniversaries, (1945); (1950),
150,230
Cold War isolation, 148-9
congresses, (1920); (1936); (1945);
(1950), 53, 143-4, 150, 154,
187, 229, 230, 303
as counter-community, 74, 76, 92
cult of Stalin, 1-2, 39
The Man We Love the Most (1949),
2,263-4,271
as parti des fusillés commemorated,
55,145-6
popular front and anti-fascism,
143,151-2
press and publications, 100, 142^1,
266, 299
occupation and resistance (1940-5),
2, 39, 100, 145-7, 151-5, 157,
215-17
popular front, 192, 213-14, 260
Union des femmes françaises,
90, 156
Freeman, Joseph, 34, 137
Fréville, Jean, 84-5, 89, 151,
212,214-15,230, 287,
294, 305
Fried, Eugen, 143
Friedmann, Georges, 217, 298
Frölich, Paul, 302, 303
funerals and obsequies, communist,
25-6, 143,152,167-8, 213,
224, 261
G
Gallacher, William, 104-5, 161-3,
165,304
autobiographical writings, 50, 94-6,
142,232, 292, 303
as cult figure, 93-6, 99, 102-3
and John Maclean, 302-3
as sole communist MP,
94-6, 166
Gandhi, Indira, 101
Gandhi, Mahatma, 27, 139
354 INDEX
Garibaldi, Guiseppc, 13, 76, 277
communist commemorations of,
13, 155-6, 299
Garveyism, 91
Gelovani, Mikhail, 88
genius, 99, 207-8, 300
discussed, 33-4, 81, 204, 276, 301
of Stalin (alleged), 38, 81-2, 219,
305-6
Gerasimov, Alexander, 209
Germanetto, Giovanni, 276
Memoirs of a Barber, 281
Germany, 208
communist party, 46-8, 191-2,
223, 301-2
‘March Action’ (1921), 223
German Democratic Republic
(GDR), 200-2, 263, 302
Nazism in, 9, 185-203 passim
political cults of, 296, 330 (see also
Hitler, Adolf)
social democracy, 223, 300
Socialist Unity Party (SED), 201
Spartacists, 304
Gheorghiu-Dej, Gheorghe, 41, 87, 293
Giacometti, Alberto, 100
Gide, André, 134, 192
Gladstone, W.E., visual images of,
267, 269, 277
Gomulka, Wladyslaw, 40, 45
Goodman, Richard, 199
Goring, Hermann, humiliated by
Dimitrov, 188
Gorky, Maxim, 195, 212, 224
as cult figure, literary career
commemorated (1932), 205,
209-10,213-15,263
death, 214-15
on Lenin, 31-3, 51
on ‘socialist individuality’, 296-7
not on Stalin, 214, 282
Gottwald, Klement, 43, 87
as cult figure, 4, 40-2, 54, 57, 89,
138,170
Gramsci, Antonio, 13, 48, 99, 187
as cult figure, 86, 234-7
prison writings, 193, 202, 221,
234,236
Great Britain
communist party, 2, 36, 42-4, 46,
84,93-6, 102-3, 130, 150,
151, 158-65, 169-70, 188,
191-5, 199, 221,226-8,
289-92, 302-4
cult of Stalin, 137, 139, 270, 277
press and publications, 50, 264,
266-7, 281
Greene, Graham, cited, 37, 140
Griffin, Dick, 296
Grotewohl, Otto, 201
Guéhenno, Jean, 31
Guesde, Jules, 54, 229, 300
commemorated, 303^1
Guevara, Ernesto Che, 49, 157, 332
H
hagiography, characteristics of, 279
Hardie, James Keir, 28, 29, 31, 304
Haywood, ‘Big Bill,’ 281
Heartfield, John, photomontages,
188-9,197-8,266
Heckert, Fritz, 223, 224
Heine, Heinrich, 204, 299
Hemingway, Ernest, For Whom the Bell
Tolls (19A0), 144
Heslop, Harold, on Dimitrov, 195
Hitler, Adolf, 38, 40, 139, 191-2,
197, 298
as cult figure, 36, 38, 46, 71-2, 91,
103, 263,268, 294-5
Ho Chi Minh, 41, 218, 332
Hugo, Victor, 91, 204, 216, 299
Hurwitz, Leo, 260
INDEX 355
I
Ibärruri, Dolores, 57, 100-1, 106,
137-8
biography and family background,
101,111
charisma ascribed to, 107
oratory and platform presence,
108-9
radio broadcasts, 109, 265-6
as cult figure, 40, 41, 101-2, 164
Ingersoll, Ralph, 268
integrating cult, discussed, 8-9, 71-4,
78-92
intellectuals, 89, 130, 210-12
as cult figures, 99, 213-14,
216,235
International Brigades, 141, 144, 145,
148, 152, 155, 156, 163
Ireland
communist party, 43, 55, 89
Italy, 264
communist party, 41, 53, 55, 74,
76, 86, 221,234-7
congress (1951), 41
press and publications, 236
fascist regime, 71, 295, 330
Ivens, Joris, 195
J
Jacquemotte, Joseph, 224
biography and family background,
165-7
cadre autobiography, 166, 168
as cult figure, 50, 167-9
death (1936) and memorialisation,
168-9, 267
and Parti ouvrier belge, 166
Japan, 74, 185, 223-4, 281
Jaurès, Jean, 298
commemorated by communists, 28,
203, 205, 298, 303, 304
Jews and Jewishness, 87
anti-Semitism, 87
Joannes, Victor, 54
Joan of Arc, commemorated by
communists, 157, 299
Jordan, Maggie, 137
K
Kaféngauz, B.R, 298
Kaganovich, Lazar, 80, 81, 213
Kamenev, Lev, 33, 34
Kaplan, Fanny, 26
Katayama, Sen, 222, 224, 226, 229,
231,304
seventieth birthday (1929), 223
Kerensky, Alexander, 109, 129
Khrushchev, Nikita, 10-11, 17, 38,
57, 306, 327, 328
Kim Il-sung, 327
Kim Jong il, 327
Kirkwood, David, 95
Kirov, Sergei, 49, 92, 209
Klutsis, Gustav, 33, 206, 209, 259,
264, 266, 269
Knorin, Vilhelm, 190
Koltsov, Mikhail, 139,140
Korea
cults in communist North, 327
war in (1950-3), 155
Kotane, Moses, 89
Kriegel, Annie, 275-6
Kropotkin, Peter, 12
Krupskaya, Nadezhda, 31, 52, 55, 89,
282, 285
memories of Lenin, 285
Kun, Béla, 86-7, 132-3,
135, 286
Kurella, Alfred, 132, 172n20-2, 190,
195, 200, 262,284-5
Kuusinen, Otto Wille, 35, 190
cult of, 41, 85-6
356 INDEX
Լ
Lahaut, Julien, assassinated (1950),
113nl7
Lalmand, Edgar, 41, 169, 170
Langevin, Paul, 214
Lansbury, George, 25, 29, 30, 227
Lassalle, Ferdinand, 12, 17, 33,
76-7, 331
Le Bon, Gustave, 11-13
concept of prestige, 104
Lecoeur, Auguste, 220
Le Corbusier, 100
Ledel, Doif, 168, 169
Leger, Fernand, 192
Lenin, V.I., 2, 35, 96, 202, 204-6,
258,259
attempted assassination (1918),
26-7, 197
biographies, 27, 30, 31, 51-2,
281-5, 300
birthdays and anniversaries, 27, 48,
51,91,265
charisma ascribed to, 75, 104, 106,
109-10
as cult figure, 12, 14, 25-33, 37,
40, 71-2, 80-1, 85, 130,
132-3, 139, 161,197,205-8,
210, 220-2,236, 282, 285,
300-1, 305, 329-30, 333
international character, 27-32, 37,
51-2, 134-5,138,153,262,
276-7, 280, 304, 306
death (1924), 25, 36, 48, 55, 261
family and domestic relations, 86
and Krupskaya, 89, 282, 285
film and stage representations, 29,
36, 37, 39,51,208,260-2,
265, 269
mummification, 26, 30-1, 33
painted and photographic
representations, 29, 264, 267,
269-70, 287
writings, 33-4, 51, 205
What Is To Be DomP, 11-12, 294
4works,; 207-8
Lenski, Julian, 42, 43
Lesseps, Ferdinand de, 294
Le Troquer, André, 147
Levi, Paul, 223, 301-3
Liebknecht, Karl, 25, 29, 48, 51, 194,
202,301, 302
Lincoln, Abraham, 299, 304
Lizzani, Carlo, 263
Ludwig, Emil, 35, 36, 39, 128, 131,
132, 257-8, 267-8, 281-2, 293,
296, 298
Lunacharsky, Anatoly, 204, 207
Luxemburg, Rosa, 28, 29, 111, 201,
219,223,301-3
‘Luxemburgism,’ 81, 133, 302-3
Luxemburg֊Liebknecht and 43 Ls5
campaigns, 25, 48, 301-2
Lyons, Eugene, 257, 267
M
MacColl, Ewan, Ballad of Stalin, 277
MacDiarmid, Hugh, 52, 102, 303
MacDonald, Ramsay, 161
Macfie, Ronald Campbell, cited, 28-9
Maclean, John, 302-3
Malatesta, Errico, 12
Malraux, André, 192
Mandela, Nelson, 333-4
Manner, Rullervo, 85
Mann, Tom, 51, 336
as foundation cult figure, 223,
226-8, 230, 232, 304
birthdays commemorated, 223, 226,
227
and Pollitt, 162, 226-8
prosecutions and imprisonments,
162
Manuilsky, Dmitri, 35, 140, 190, 300
Marat, Jean-Paul, 304
Marcos, Subcomandante, 334-5
INDEX 357
Martin, Henri, drawn by Picasso, 271
Martin, Kingsley, cited, 164
Marty, André, 92, 100-1, 142, 146,
153-8,212, 263,281,292
biography and family background,
144,152
Black Sea mutiny (1919), legend
and writings, 141, 144, 145,
153-7, 280-1
on cult of the individual,
141,156, 221
expulsion and anathématisation
(1952) , 141, 202,280, 304
legends and cult of, 144-5
as political prisoner, 187
martyr, figure of, 26-7, 48-9, 146,
185, 196-7, 291,330
Marx, Eleanor, 228, 331
Marx-Engels(-Lenin) Institute, 209,
228, 283, 300
Marx, Karl, 11-12, 17, 205, 283
anniversaries, (1933); (1943);
(1953) , 81,206, 208
as cult figure, 29, 51, 206-9,
299-301
contested with social democrats,
208, 299-300
writings and works, 206—9, 219
Maxton, James, 46, 302-3
Mayakovsky, Vladimir, 29, 31, 205-7
meneur, figure of, 11-14
invoked by Marty, 156
Méray, Tibor, 107
Merkurov, Sergnei, 37
Mezhdunarodnaya Organizatsiya
Pomoshchi Bor^tsam Kevolyutsii
(MOPR) (International Red Aid),
48,224
Mezhrabpom-Fiim, 260-2
Michel, Louise, 299
Michel, Rosa, 145
Michels, Robert, 11-13
Mickiewicz, Adam, 299
Miles, Jack, 84, 89
Minor, Robert, 232
modesty, as cultlike attribute,
1,29-30, 80, 128
Molotov, V.M., 213, 219
Monmousseau, Gaston, 152-3
Montagnana, Mario, 236
MOPR See Mezhdunarodnaya
Organizatsiya Pomoshchi Borítsam
Kevolyutsii (MOPR)
(International Red Aid)
More, Thomas, 203, 298
Morizet, André, 267
Morris, William, 336
Moscow
palace of the soviets, 37
Shukov’s radio tower, 264-5
Moussinac, Leon, 261
Mukhina, Vera, Worker and Collective
Farm Girl (1937), 37
Münzenberg, Willi, 65nll3,192,
266,281
Münzer, Thomas, 14, 204
Murphy, J.T., 137
Murray, Sean, 43, 89
music and song, cults represented in,
38,138-9, 193, 277
Mussolini, Benito, 229, 234, 281
as cult figure, 36, 71, 91,
263, 278
N
national and ethnic identities, as factor
in cult construction, 86-9
Neruda, Pablo, 98, 194, 304
Nietzsche, Friedrich and
Nietzscheanism, 31, 213, 285,
296-7
Nizan, Paul, 214, 296
slandered by PCF, 217
Norway
communist party, 55
358 INDEX
օ
O’Connor, Feargus, 335
oratory and platform presence, as
factors in cult production,
46, 106, 109, 133, 138-9
Ordzhonikidzhe, Sergo, 261
Orwell, George, 131, 266
Owen, Robert, 14, 203, 228
P
paintings and drawings, cults
represented in, 270-6
Paris, 1-2, 37, 90, 100, 111, 142-3,
152, 192-4, 201,213,296,
333-4
as art centre, 192, 270
Commune (1871), 25, 304-5
Ivry, 2, 147
Pantheon, 30, 298, 303
Saint-Denis, 25, 30
Villejuif, 144
Pasionaria. See Ibárruri, Dolores
Pauker, Ana, 87, 197, 202
peace campaigns, communist, 90,
153-5,215,271
World Peace Committee, 299
Péri, Gabriel, 145
autobiography, 292-3
death and memorialisation, 25, 100,
146, 194, 196, 291
Peri, Peter, 270
Peter the Great, commemorated,
157, 298
Petrovsky, D.E., 162
photography, cults represented in,
266-9
Piatnitsky, Osip, 130, 190, 281
Picasso, Pablo, 2, 289-91
joins PCF, 148
Stalin drawing,
271-6, 290
Pieck, Wilhelm, 191-2, 194, 201,
293,304
Plekhanov, Georgi, 223, 300-1, 305
Role of the Individual in History
(1898), 294
poetry and verse, cults represented in,
2, 28-9, 50, 52, 98, 191, 194,
199,217, 304
Pogodin, Nikolai, 262
Pokrovsky, M.N., 129-30, 133, 298
‘Pokrovsky school’, 298
Poland, 105
communist party, 40, 42
Pollitt, Harry, 46, 51, 54, 57, 96, 106,
226-8, 265, 283
biography and family background,
90,159-61,163-4
cadre autobiography, 158-60, 166
as cult figure, 41-6 passim, 49-50,
84, 89, 102, 161-5, 167,
169-70, 221, 304
in eastern Europe, 170, 233
labour movement associations, 84,
99, 160, 163-1
oratory and platform presence,
139, 227
removed as CPGB general secretary
(1939^1), 44, 160, 163
Serving My Time (1940), 57, 164,
170,289-91
as unsuccessful parliamentary
candidate, 93-5, 164
Pollitt, Mary Louisa, 160, 164
Popov, Blagoy, 188, 196
Pouget, ¿mile, 334
Prestes, Leocadia, 194
Prestes, Luis Carlos, 51, 304
as cult figure, 4, 45-8, 88, 90, 96-9,
101-2, 138, 194, 202,218,
288-9,304
Prestes, Olga, 90
Priacel, Stefan, 197
INDEX 359
prisons and imprisonment, as factor in
cult construction, 42, 48, 86-7,
90,97, 145,162, 185-203
passim, 226, 234-7, 332
Pritt, D.N., 164
Prokofiev, Sergei, 38, 88, 277
Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph, 203
Pudovkin, Vsevolod, 210, 260
Pushkin, Alexander, 218
centenary (1937), 212, 299
R
Radek, Karl, 36,130, 206, 208, 297
radio and sound recordings, cults
represented in, 48, 101, 109,
147,258-9, 264-6
Rákosi, Mátyás, 57, 266
as cult figure, 9, 41, 52, 55, 86-8,
99, 202, 263, 277, 293
as political prisoner, 48, 86,
185,187,194, 197,
234,296
Ransome, Arthur, 29, 30
Ray, Mán, 192
Razin, Stenka, 14, 135
Red International of Labour Unions
(RILU) (Profintern), British
section, 226
Reed, John, 204
Relecom, Xavier, 165, 169
Renoir, Jean, 260
Riazanov, David, 209, 283, 300-1
Rice, Elmer, 195, 295
Riefenstahl, Leni, Triumph of the Will
(1935), 263
RILU. See Red International of
Labour Unions (RILU)
(Profintern), British section
Robeson, Paul, 231
Robespierre, Maximilien, 11, 14, 298
Rochet, Waldeck, 296
Rolland, Romain, 28, 35, 99, 133-4,
192, 193, 204, 210, 212, 213,
234-5, 291
Romania
communist party, 87, 91, 327
Romm, Mikhail
Lenin in 1918 (1939), 39, 263
Lenin in October (1937), 37, 39,
140, 262-3, 285
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 35, 38, 40,
265
Rosenberg, Julius and Ethel, drawn by
Picasso, 275
royal personalities, cults of,
72, 305-6
Roy, Claude, 216-18
Ruskin, John, 228
Russia/USSR, 12, 31-2, 204-5, 208
communist party (Bolsheviks), 80,
85, 131, 136-7, 220, 298
congresses (1934); (1956), 4,
10-11,36, 42,81,131,137,
138
history of (‘Short Course’) (1938),
81-2, 278,291,294
‘Old Bolsheviks,’ 32, 110, 281
Pravda, 1,16, 34-9 passim, 219,
259, 269
Great Patriotic War (1941-5)
(see Second World War)
historiography, 5-6, 330-1
revolution, 110, 203^4, 264,
301,305
anniversaries (1927); (1937), 34,
37-9,51
History of the Civil War in the
USSR, 270
trials and purges, 79, 134, 136,
140-1, 197, 280
tsarism, 26, 72, 203
Ruthenberg, Charles E., 194, 231
Rykov, Akexei, 34
360 INDEX
S
Sacco and Vanzetti campaign (1920s),
48, 193
Sadoul, Georges, 264
Saint-Simon, Claude-Henri, comte
de, 204
Schmitt, Carl, 295
Scriabin, Alexander, 204
Sculpture and statuary, cults
represented in, 29, 37, 54, 100,
110, 139, 168,221,270
Second International, 208, 300, 336
Second World War, 38-9
Seigneur, André, 192
Semard, Pierre, 104, 105, 152-3,
165,291
Semprun, Jorge, 108
Serge, Victor, 230
Shaw, George Bernard, 35
Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 214
Sheridan, Clare, 29
Shumyatsky, Boris, 259, 261, 262, 264
socialist realism, 52, 269
soldiers and the military
as cult figures, 2, 33, 38, 46-7,
81-2, 97-9,218, 227
Solomon, Jacques, 143
South Africa, 89
Souvarine, Boris, 26, 30, 31, 33, 106,
139,140, 167, 279
Spain
civil war, 54
communist party, 13, 138, 306
Spartacus, 14, 135
‘Stalin generation’ of communist
leaders, 43, 46, 84-7
stalinisation, discussed, 42, 43, 328-9
‘stalinist,’ term discussed, 54
Stalin, Joseph, 33, 40, 93, 163,
189-90, 196, 197,199-200,
202, 204, 210-13, 230-1, 298
biographies, 50, 71, 83, 95, 127,
131-7, 214, 215,269-70,
277-87, 291
birthdays, (1929); (1934); (1939);
(1949), 1-2, 34, 38, 39, 56,
81,92, 107, 266, 286, 306
charisma ascribed to, 38, 104
constitution (1936), 79, 218
as cult figure, 5, 11, 13-14, 18,
26-7, 30, 34, 71-5, 78, 80-2,
98, 127-40,212, 258, 301,
305-6, 328-30
condemned (1956), 4, 10-11
internationally, 2-4, 8-9, 35^10,
43-1, 46-7, 50-7, 106-7,
131-8, 152, 187, 201,202,
264,294-7, 336
within USSR, 7-8, 34-5, 38-9, 217
death (1953), 2, 79, 206, 221, 306
on Engels, 302
entertains western literati, 35, 39,
133-4,281,293
film representations, 39-40, 88,
259, 261-4
Georgian origins and identity, 34,
38, 88
and Lenin, 37, 39, 81, 132, 140,
207,214,220-2, 236, 262,
285
letter to Proletarskaya Revolyutsiya
(1931), 81,282-3, 302
oratory and platform presence,
136-7
painted and photographic
representations, 37, 266-76
personal life and history, 89-90,
282-3, 285-6
as pipe-smoker, 139^0, 257-8
as polymath, 81-2, 218-19
radio broadcasts, 259, 265
social origins, 83
statues and busts, 37, 270, 278
writings, 206-8, 233
‘works 35-6, 219, 221
Stepanov, Ivan, 156
Stetsky, Alexei
and Barbusse, 131, 284—6
INDEX 361
Strachey, John, 206, 296
suicide, communist disapproval of, 196
Sverdlov, Yakov, 263
Switzerland, 88-9
communist party, 55
T
Tanev, Vassil, 188, 196
Tardieu, André, 265
Tarie, Eugene, 298
Tasca, Angelo, 143, 224
Thälmann, Ernst, 51, 302
biography and family background,
193-4
as cult figure, 9, 42-4, 46, 52, 84-6,
93, 108, 135, 139,185-202,
226,229,277,296,298
birthdays as commemoration
(1936); (1941), 42, 193, 200,
227
cult biography, 45, 201, 280, 284
cult film, 192, 201, 215, 261, 263
posthumous, 56, 200-1, 235
Thälmann campaign and campaign
committee, 45, 188, 191-2,
197,234
KPD presidental candidate, (1925);
(1932), 48, 147, 224
oratory and platform presence, 84,
139
as political prisoner, 197-9
Thälmann, Rosa, 194, 201
Thompson, E.P., and ‘decade of
heroes,’ 49, 332-3, 336
Thompson, Frank, 49
Thorez, Maurice, 40, 73, 163, 164,
229-30, 265, 275
biography and family background, a
coal-miner by upbringing, 85,
89,111,144,158,271
cadre autobiography, 158-9, 166
as cult figure, 3-4, 7, 9, 43-4,
49-50, 53-5, 74-6, 82-5,
89-92,108,110-12, 139-58,
170, 199, 202, 215-17, 266-7,
277, 327
ascription of youthfiilness, 142-3
birthdays commemorated, 2-3, 41,
55, 92, 148, 155, 295, 305
personal history and relations
(see Vermeersch, Jeannette)
Son of the People, 45, 49, 51, 57,
84-6, 90, 93, 96, 142, 143,
149, 151, 157, 158,194, 220,
230, 271, 287-93,296
stroke (1950), 86, 149
in USSR (1939-14); (1950-3),
145-7,149-50, 196, 216-17,
236, 266, 291
cworks*, 149, 219-21
Tillon, Charles, 141, 142,
152,157
Tito, Josip Broz, 51, 53
anathématisation of, 54, 85, 293
as cult figure, 41, 309n40
Togliatti, Palmiro, 4, 53, 57, 138,
152,156, 266
attempted assassination (1948),
74, 236, 263
as cult figure, 41,45, 55-6, 74, 76,
86, 93, 236, 271
and Gramsci, 86, 234-7
‘works*, 221
Tokuda, Kyçichi, 113nl7
Tolstoy, Alexei, Bread (1937), 263
Tolstoy, Leo, 32, 204
Torgler, Ernst, 188, 191
Torr, Dona, 228
totalitarianism, concept of, 77
Tovstukha, Ivan, 281-4
trials and court proceedings, as factors
in cult construction, 9, 36, 86-7,
107, 187-91, 193, 195, 197,
202, 262,334
Triolet, Elsa, 216
Trotskyism, 200, 201,283, 302
in Belgium, 166-7
362 INDEX
Trotsky, Leon
anathematised and denounced,
34-5, 140-1,280, 330
autobiography, 129-30,281
and Lenin, 26-8, 31, 33, 197, 281,
283,305
and Stalin, 81, 109, 110, 127-35,
229,281
U
USA, 131, 195, 231, 265, 282
communist party, 50, 231-3, 288,
332
as ‘Negro party,’ 88
Workers’ Film and Photo League,
260
USSR. See Russia/USSR
USSR in Construction, The^ 266, 268
V
Vaillant-Couturier, Paul, 54, 100,
142-5, 151, 194, 261,269, 291,
297-9, 304
Vaillant, Edouard, 205
Van Overstraeten, War (Edouard), 166
Vergneau, Gustave, 148
Vermeersch, Jeannette, 89-90
criticised by Marty, 156
as cult figure, 90-1
Vertov, Dziga, 260-1
Three Songs of Lenin (1934), 36, 51,
208,260,261,265,268
Vietnam, 154, 332
Voroshilov, Kliment, 38, 209
W
Wallon, Henri, 82
Wangenheim, Gustav von, 195, 200
Washington, George, 192, 299
Webb, Sidney and Beatrice, 134, 280
Soviet Communism (1935), 278,
295,330
Weber, Max, 6, 11, 42, 103-4, 108.
See also Charisma, defined and
discussed
Weinert, Erich, 185, 193
Weils, H.G., 206
meets Lenin, 29, 35
meets Stalin, 35, 39, 133
Werth, Alexander, 268, 277-9
Willard, Marcel, 199, 219
The Defence Accuses, 202
Wilson, Woodrow, 27
Workers’ International Relief, 260
workers, working class, as cult figures,
45, 50, 80, 83-7, 89, 99, 104-5,
107, 111, 130, 139, 140, 153,
161-3, 190, 196, 287
4 works , as cult production, 219-21
World Committee Against War and
Fascism, 213
writers
as cult figures, 203-21
as engineers of human souls, 204,
205,212
Soviet Writers’ Congress (1934),
209, 269, 296-7
Y
Yaroslavsky, Emelyan, 33, 286
Z
Zapata, Emiliano, 335
Zapatistas, 334, 335
Zedong, Mao, 4
as cult figure, 9, 17, 41, 56-7, 71,
218, 258, 267,327-8, 332-3
Little Red Book, 7, 218, 277
Zetkin, Clara, 51, 197
INDEX 363
birthdays commemorated, 222-4
disillusionment with Stalinism,
224-5
as foundation cult figure, 222-6,
228-30, 289
and Rosa Luxemburg, 223, 302
Zhdanov, Andrei, 49, 54
Zhdanovism, 271
Zhukov, Georgy, 209
Zinoviev, Grigory, 26, 27, 33, 35,
128, 207, 224, 282
V
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Morgan, Kevin 1961- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1121144616 |
| author_facet | Morgan, Kevin 1961- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Morgan, Kevin 1961- |
| author_variant | k m km |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV044008508 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)983477393 (DE-599)DNB1104388634 |
| dewey-full | 900 |
| dewey-hundreds | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-ones | 900 - History & geography |
| dewey-raw | 900 |
| dewey-search | 900 |
| dewey-sort | 3900 |
| dewey-tens | 900 - History & geography |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 1917-1956 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1917-1956 |
| format | Book |
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| id | DE-604.BV044008508 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T17:51:09Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9781349717781 9781349953370 1349717789 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029416269 |
| oclc_num | 983477393 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-Bo133 |
| owner_facet | DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-12 DE-Bo133 |
| physical | xii, 363 Seiten Illustrationen |
| publishDate | 2017 |
| publishDateSearch | 2017 |
| publishDateSort | 2017 |
| publisher | Palgrave Macmillan |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Morgan, Kevin 1961- International communism and the cult of the individual leaders, tribunes and martyrs under Lenin and Stalin Stalin, Josif Vissarionovič 1878-1953 (DE-588)118642499 gnd Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹič 1870-1924 (DE-588)118640402 gnd Personenkult (DE-588)4173916-4 gnd Kommunistische Partei (DE-588)4031900-3 gnd Kommunismus (DE-588)4031892-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)118642499 (DE-588)118640402 (DE-588)4173916-4 (DE-588)4031900-3 (DE-588)4031892-8 |
| title | International communism and the cult of the individual leaders, tribunes and martyrs under Lenin and Stalin |
| title_auth | International communism and the cult of the individual leaders, tribunes and martyrs under Lenin and Stalin |
| title_exact_search | International communism and the cult of the individual leaders, tribunes and martyrs under Lenin and Stalin |
| title_full | International communism and the cult of the individual leaders, tribunes and martyrs under Lenin and Stalin Kevin Morgan |
| title_fullStr | International communism and the cult of the individual leaders, tribunes and martyrs under Lenin and Stalin Kevin Morgan |
| title_full_unstemmed | International communism and the cult of the individual leaders, tribunes and martyrs under Lenin and Stalin Kevin Morgan |
| title_short | International communism and the cult of the individual |
| title_sort | international communism and the cult of the individual leaders tribunes and martyrs under lenin and stalin |
| title_sub | leaders, tribunes and martyrs under Lenin and Stalin |
| topic | Stalin, Josif Vissarionovič 1878-1953 (DE-588)118642499 gnd Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹič 1870-1924 (DE-588)118640402 gnd Personenkult (DE-588)4173916-4 gnd Kommunistische Partei (DE-588)4031900-3 gnd Kommunismus (DE-588)4031892-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Stalin, Josif Vissarionovič 1878-1953 Lenin, Vladimir Ilʹič 1870-1924 Personenkult Kommunistische Partei Kommunismus |
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| work_keys_str_mv | AT morgankevin internationalcommunismandthecultoftheindividualleaderstribunesandmartyrsunderleninandstalin |