Theory of rights: theory of human rights and fundamental freedoms - behavioral, social and normative approaches
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Format: | Buch |
Sprache: | Englisch |
Veröffentlicht: |
Nova Gorica
European Faculty of Law
2014
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Ausgabe: | 1st ed. |
Schriftenreihe: | Slovenia 1945-2015: sovereignity, constitutionality and the future of Slovenia's national system
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Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029046854&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029046854&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
Beschreibung: | 300 izv. - O avtorjih: str. 5 |
Umfang: | 400 Seiten 25 cm |
ISBN: | 9789616731102 9616731106 |
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490 | 0 | |a Slovenia 1945-2015: sovereignity, constitutionality and the future of Slovenia's national system | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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adam_text | TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE.................................................................. 13
PART ONE:
THE INDIVIDUAL IN ACTION SYSTEMS
RIGHTS AND MODES OF DISPUTE SETTLEMENT .................................. 17
Gratification of human needs......................................... 19
Redistribution of valued possessions ................................ 20
Conflicts resulting from normatively justified demands .............. 22
Rights, norms, and conflicts: behavioral, social, and normative approaches .... 24
Modes of third-party intervention in dispute settlement........... 28
THE NORMATIVE ORDER OF HUMAN RIGHTS ..................................... 33
On ‘natural’ human needs and values ................................. 34
Empirical assessment of the degree of human rights achieved.......... 36
Responsibilities: the location of the value needed................... 38
Dimensions of the legal validity of human rights norms .............. 39
Support for the implementation of human rights norms ................ 44
International redress of individual human rights complaints.......... 49
THE RIGHT TO PARTICIPATE................................................. 53
Participation as a legal and social scientific concept .............. 53
The colloquial meaning of the term ................................ 54
Behavioral connotation............................................. 54
Participation as the operationalization of the legal concepts...... 54
Participation in decision-making .................................. 54
Participation in work organizations................................ 55
A note on the methodology ......................................... 55
Participation as a human right....................................... 56
Institutional frameworks of individual participation .............. 58
Participation in group activities.................................. 59
The right to enjoy economic, social, and cultural benefits......... 60
7
Participation in decision-making processes.................................. 61
Sharing and enjoying property rights ....................................... 62
Consumer rights in an economic exchange..................................... 64
The right to participate in development .................................... 65
The human right to be active, to take part, and to share ..................... 68
The interdependence of the fields of human rights........................... 67
Measuring human rights achievements............................... 69
Sources of discrimination and inequality.................................... 70
Overview and summary: the rights of individuals and groups to be active,
to take part, to share and to enjoy respect with regard to their human
dignity and personal development.................................. 74
PART TWO:
AREAS AND MODES OF RIGHTS
HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE CITY AND LOCAL COMMUNITY..................................... 81
Key concepts ....................................................... 81
Fundamental human rights ........................................... 82
Genuine and manipulated involvement................................. 86
The ecology of urban deprivation ................................... 86
The city as a ‘natural phenomenon and as a ‘moral community ................. 87
INVOLVEMENT IN POLITICAL DEMOCRACY..................................... 89
Political participation ............................................ 89
Politics as a problem-solving process............................... 90
Direct and indirect participation .................................. 91
Dimensions, modes, and levels of political activity................. 94
The amount and type of influence and initiative .............................. 96
The scope of the issue and number of participants ............................ 97
The legality of political involvement............................... 98
THE FREEDOM TO OPPOSE AND THE FREEDOM TO TAKE PART
IN GOVERNMENT..........................................................101
Freedom of opinion and expression ..................................101
Freedom of opinion................................................101
Freedom of expression ........................................... 101
The case law of the European Court of Human Rights on freedom
of expression.....................................................102
Restrictions on freedom of the press and the rights to political expression.106
Balancing interests in the limitation of the freedom of the press...........107
The right to participate in public affairs..........................107
Freedom of assembly and association...............................107
8
The right to participate in and access to public service..............Ill
Free elections........................................................112
Individual rights in a totalitarian state.............................113
Political discrimination and inequality.................................114
The model: conditions and consequences of participation...............114
Socioeconomic status and rights ......................................116
Articulation of preferences...........................................116
Aggregation of interests .............................................117
Public disputes ......................................................118
Participation in political decision-making............................118
Consequences of involvement and policy implementation ................119
An empirical account: racial discrimination and political activity .....120
Human rights preserving the security of persons.........................127
PARTICIPATION IN THE ECONOMY...............................................131
Macro-economic frameworks of participation .............................133
The market economy....................................................133
The centrally planned economy.........................................135
The socialist market economy’ ........................................138
The right to participate in decisions within work organizations ........141
Freedom of information and communication..............................143
Fundamental labor rights .............................................145
The right to strike and to organize ..................................147
Consultation and negotiation .........................................149
Formal participative structures.......................................150
The variety of participative institutions and rights ........ ........151
The theory and practice of industrial democracy.........................154
Rules, involvement, and the manipulation of workers ..................155
Conflicts between work-place democracy, consumer sovereignity,
and owners rights.....................................................157
CULTURAL ACTIVITIES AND RIGHTS.............................................163
The place of culture, the arts, and science in society..................163
Culture within the trichotomy of universal human rights...............163
The contribution of culture to societal development...................167
Cultural rights and standards of human rights achievement ............168
Participant groups and discrimination in cultural life ...............171
Sharing, enjoying, and creating cultural values ......................172
Involvement in decision-making in cultural institutions ................173
Institutional and regional organization of cultural activities........174
The formulation of cultural policies................................ 175
The freedom to participate in the arts, education, science,
and communication.................................................... 176
9
The freedom to create and enjoy works of art...........................177
The right to academic freedom .........................................179
The right to share in scientific advancement ........................179
The rights of scientists..........................................180
The freedom to teach and the right to education........................184
The rights of educators...........................................185
The right to education............................................188
Freedom of information and communication ...........................188
The contribution of mass media to human rights.......................189
Freedom to know and freedom to inform................................190
From capitalists of knowledge to the sharing of knowledge............190
PART THREE:
THE CENTRAL VALUE OF DIGNITY AND GROSS
VIOLATIONS OF HUMAN RIGHTS
THE PRINCIPLE OF RESPECT FOR HUMAN DIGNITY................................195
Hominum causa omne ius constitutum.....................................195
The inner core of the dignity domain...................................198
The reputation, name, and dignity of a person........................198
The right to personal identity.......................................199
Inhuman or degrading treatment of a person in violation of respect
for human dignity...................................................201
GROSS, STRUCTURAL AND LARGE-SCALE HUMAN RIGHTS
VIOLATIONS.............................................................205
Distinctions between structural and individual violations: persistence,
scale, and seriousness ........................................... 205
Towards collective responsibility to protect fundamental human rights .207
The horizontal application of human rights law.........................209
PREVENTION OF AND RESPONSES TO GROSS HUMAN RIGHTS
VIOLATIONS BY THE STRASBOURG COURT........................................215
The reactive role of the Court.........................................215
The effects of individual case adjudication..........................216
Preliminary objections to the hearing of an individual case involving
a structural or large-scale violation.............................216
Procedural obstacles and limitations .............................218
The proactive role of the Court.....................................218
The European Court of Human Rights as a constitutional court.........218
The preventative function of the Courts precedents ...............218
The hidden and unintended functions of dealing with individual complaints ... 219
10
PART FOUR:
REFLECTIONS ON EUROPEAN HUMAN RIGHTS CASE LAW
THE ROLE OF SEPARATE OPINIONS IN THE CASE LAW
OF THE STRASBOUR COURT
By Jernej Letnar Cernic...............................................223
Introduction: the Convention and the Court............................223
Separate opinions in the case law of the European Court of Human Rights .... 224
Judicial activism versus judicial restraint........................228
Overview and analysis of key separate opinions of Judge Jambrek
at the European Court of Human Rights..............................229
Overview and analysis ......................................... 229
Commentary on key opinions .....................................233
Separate opinions in the future of the Strasbourg Court...............238
SEPARATE OPINIONS OF JUDGE JAMBREK (1993-1998)
CLASSIFIED BY THE CONVENTION ARTICLE
Edited by Jernej Letnar Cernic........................................241
ARTICLE 2..........................................................241
McCann and others v. UK (27 September 95) - separate opinion....241
Guerra and Others v. Italy (19 February 98) - separate opinion .253
Osman v. the UK (28 October 98) - separate opinion .............256
ARTICLE 3..........................................................259
Chahal v. the United Kingdom (15 November 96) - separate opinion; .259
H.L.R. v. France (29 April 97) - separate opinion..................263
Ribitsch v. Austria (4 December 95) ........................... 265
ARTICLE 5........................................................ 268
Murray v. UK (28 October 94) - separate opinion ...................269
Aerts v. Belgium (30 July 98) - separate opinion ..................274
ARTICLE 6......................................................... 277
Fischer v. Austria (26 April 95) - separate opinion................278
Bellet v. France (4 December 95) - separate opinion ...............280
Mantovanelli v. France (18 March 97) - separate opinion.........282
Balmer-Schafroth and Others v. Switzerland (26 August 97).......285
Maillard v. France (9 June 98) - separate opinion............. 291
Twalib v. Greece (9 June 98) - separate opinion ................292
Omar v. France (29 July 98) - separate opinion .............. 296
ARTICLE 8......................................................... 299
Siissman v. Germany (16 September 96) - separate opinion............ 299
M.S. v. Sweden (27 August 97) - separate opinion ..................303
ARTICLE 9..........................................................305
Valsamis v. Greece (18 December 96) - separate opinion ............306
11
ARTICLE 10 ..........................................................308
Tolstoy v. UK (13 luly 95) - separate opinion......................308
Zana v. Turkey (25 November 97) - separate opinion.................313
Grigoriades v. Greece (25 November 97) - separate opinion..........317
Bowman v. the UK (19 February 98) ................................. 321
Schoepfer v. Switzerland (20 May 98) - separate opinion............326
Lehideux and Isorni v France (23 September 98) - separate opinion .328
ARTICLE 11 ................................................... 331
Vogt v, Germany (26 September 95) - separate opinion...............332
Gustafsson v. Sweden (25 April 96) - separate opinion .......339
ARTICLE 50 ........................................................... 344
Mentes and Others V. Turkey (28 November 97) - separate opinion ...344
Protocol 1 - Enforcement of certain Rights and Freedoms not included
in Section I of the Convention...............................349
ARTICLE 1......................................................349
Loizidou v Turkey (18.12.96) - separate opinion .............350
Protocol 1, Article 2.................................... 355
Efstratiou v. Greece (18.12.96) - separate opinion...........355
REFERENCES........................................................359
WORKS .........................................................359
INTERNATIONAL INSTRUMENTS .....................................371
INDEX......................................................... 375
12
INDEX
A
Abrams, Jason 146, 206
academic freedom 77, 179, 182, 187
access 35, 38, 39, 41, 44, 50, 53, 54, 57, 58, 64,
66, 69, 70-75, 81, 86, 87, 89, 92, 94, 95, 111,
112, 121-125, 135, 148, 160, 166, 169, 170,
172, 173, 175, 178, 181, 183, 184, 186, 190,
191, 197, 200, 212, 235, 236, 256-258, 269,
271, 280, 281, 287, 296-298, 304, 310-313,
323, 332, 337-339, 341, 347, 350, 351
- to court 236, 310-313
accessibility 284
achievement 40, 42, 43, 48, 66-70, 74, 96, 99,
112, 125, 151, 168, 170, 242, 328
- of human rights 66, 69, 96
AckofF, Russell Lincoln 91
act 20, 24-26, 33, 35, 38, 41, 42, 47, 48, 50,
53, 54, 58, 59, 64, 73-75, 77, 81, 82, 86, 89,
92,94-98, 101,107, 111, 112, 114-116, 121,
125, 127, 128, 139, 140, 142, 145, 146, 166,
168, 171, 173, 174, 185, 205, 207, 208, 216,
223, 228, 235, 237, 239, 247, 254-256, 260,
261, 263, 268, 269, 276, 280, 281, 285-289,
299, 304, 305, 307, 313, 318, 321-328, 330,
333, 353-356, 366, 372
- legal 25, 42, 92, 97, 99, 121, 353
- symbolic 33, 237, 321
- instantaneous 351, 353
action system 13, 19
action 13, 15, 17, 19, 24, 40-42, 53, 58, 60, 65,
67-70, 72,73,76,84,90-93,98,99,103,117,
124, 137, 147, 148, 170-175, 184, 186, 195,
197, 205, 208-212, 233, 241, 242, 244-246,
250-252, 256, 257, 259, 261, 268, 280, 281,
307, 316, 318, 324, 326, 330, 338-344, 350,
354, 356, 369, 371, 372, 374
- purposeful 19, 24, 41, 60
activism 228, 365
- judicial 228
activity 13, 55, 58, 59, 60, 67, 70, 74-76, 81, 86,
87, 89, 94, 95, 97- 99, 114, 115, 120, 122,
124, 126, 131, 143, 144, 152, 154, 161, 167-
170, 172, 177-180, 182, 189, 255
-creative 169, 170, 177, 179, 180, 182, 189
- political 89, 94, 97, 115, 120, 124
- level of 89, 115
- modes of 98
actor 17-20, 22, 28, 33, 34, 36, 46, 47, 58, 59,
61, 62, 65, 70, 82, 84, 85, 97, 122, 128, 139,
153, 171, 208-212, 228, 343
- deprived 22, 33, 36
- non-state 34, 82, 84, 85, 128, 209, 211
adjudication 23, 49, 209, 216, 218, 219, 257,
300, 332, 354
- of individual case 209
administration 23, 26, 29, 30, 45, 51, 57, 148,
202, 301, 302, 310, 326, 327, 331, 334, 348,
349, 353, 360
-of justice 30, 45, 51, 301, 302, 310, 326,
327, 348, 349
- public 57, 360
admissibility 51, 229, 238, 239, 257, 284, 294-
298, 351,352
- test 295
375
THEORY OF RIGHTS
adversarial principle 282, 283, 363
agency 5, 21, 28-30, 38, 39, 45, 49-51, 235,
255
- extra-legal 28
- international 49, 50
- legal 28
- non-legal 28
- public 38, 39
- specialized agencies 49, 51
agent 44, 64, 84, 139, 189, 190, 212, 242-244,
284, 324, 334, 335
- mediating 44
- of the Government 284, 335
aggregation 62, 89, 117, 131
- of interests 89, 117
aggressor 21
agreement 24, 30, 35, 41, 43, 44, 46, 50, 137,
143, 144, 149-151, 153, 157, 198, 206, 233,
246, 281, 289, 300-302, 305, 315, 325,
340-343, 345, 353, 373
AIDS 280, 281
allegation 51, 128, 217, 243, 246, 267, 272,
303, 306, 310, 320, 327, 341, 349, 351, 356
allocation 22, 33, 57, 91, 114, 119, 131, 134,
140, 141, 166, 303
- of resources 141
Alport, Gordon W. 72
alternative means 40, 61, 91, 340
appeal 46, 50, 82, 104, 129, 236, 257, 260,
264, 267, 269, 270, 274, 275, 278-282, 284,
288, 290, 292, 293-301, 303, 309-313, 317,
327-329, 332, 335
- system 288
- ordinary 290
- administrative 290
appearance 251, 328
applicability 118, 180, 255, 257, 288, 300, 338
applicant 84, 199, 202-203, 218, 226, 234-
236, 241-243, 246, 250, 253-261, 263-
272, 274-301, 303-306, 308-309, 311-320,
376
322-323, 325-329, 332-333, 335, 337-352,
354-356
application 13, 22, 37, 83, 103, 104, 127, 141,
164, 180, 183-185, 187, 195-198, 201, 202,
209-212, 216-218, 224, 225, 228, 235, 237-
239, 246, 257, 262, 264, 267, 274, 275, 277,
280, 281, 283, 285, 287, 290, 291, 301, 302,
305, 308-311, 313, 322, 325, 328, 337, 342,
345, 349, 350, 354, 362, 364, 369-371
- of law 237
- horizontal 209-212
- admissible 225
- inadmissible 225
appreciation 105-106, 110, 198-201, 234, 236,
247, 256, 309, 311, 313, 319, 323-327, 333,
336, 339, 341,344
arbitration 29, 31, 360
arbitrator 29, 31, 50
area 13, 26, 35, 36, 53-55, 59, 63, 67, 68-71,
73-79, 81, 84, 86, 87, 89, 93, 101, 116-119,
125, 131, 132, 136, 141, 147, 151, 153, 154,
158-161, 164-168, 174-177, 182, 183, 187,
200, 215, 225, 230, 238, 245, 248, 249, 288,
309, 327, 346, 347, 350, 362, 363
- of rights 68
arête 195
arrest 201, 241, 242, 244, 245, 248, 249, 251-
253, 257, 259, 260, 262-264, 266, 268-270,
272, 273, 276, 292, 296-298
- operation 244-245, 248, 252-253
article 5, 35, 42, 56-64, 66-73, 85, 92-95, 98,
99, 101-112, 117, 119-122, 126-129, 132,
145-148, 150, 163, 164, 166-170, 175-
177, 180, 183, 186, 188-190, 198-203,
206, 207, 211, 215, 223, 225, 230, 231,
234-237, 241-247, 253-266, 268-279,
281- 288, 290-334, 337, 338, 340-351,
354-357, 372, 374
- convention 59, 186, 241
articulation 61, 89, 116, 195
assault 201,265, 267, 299
assessment 13, 36, 44, 45, 111, 186, 198, 241,
245, 248-252, 254, 258, 259, 265, 267, 269,
INDEX
280, 282, 283, 289, 291, 302, 303, 309, 314,
319, 335, 336, 342, 346, 349, 351
association 5, 23, 26, 31, 34, 38, 39, 58-60, 62,
67, 71, 74-77, 86, 89, 90, 93, 94, 98, 103,
107-110, 113-115, 117, 125, 131, 135, 141,
143, 147, 148, 150, 160, 171, 175, 176, 209,
233, 328, 329, 331, 333, 340-342, 344, 360,
365, 371
- external 31
- professional 23
-freedom of 59, 108-110, 113, 147, 148,
150, 233, 331, 333, 340-342, 344
- negative freedom of 233, 342, 344
assumption43, 56, 99, 111, 123,125, 163,198,
245, 249
attitude 21, 22, 36, 39, 72, 94, 101, 116, 199,
270, 320, 323, 333, 335
authority 26-29, 31, 39, 44, 51, 76, 92, 102,
112, 113, 118, 120, 122, 134, 137, 139,
140-143, 146, 148, 153, 155, 159, 161,
162, 179, 203, 209, 213, 215, 216, 231,
233, 255, 263, 266, 268, 273, 284, 285,
287, 299, 303, 304, 308, 318, 326, 327,
337, 344, 352
-political 27, 31
- public 102, 122, 140, 255, 299, 303, 308
award 216, 246, 257, 304, 308-312, 346, 347
B
balance 18, 31, 64, 68, 102-107, 152, 157, 162,
169, 178, 184, 190, 200, 203, 272, 273, 297,
322-324, 326, 327, 331, 333, 334
bargaining 76, 118, 132, 135, 138, 141, 149,
150, 157, 159, 233, 340-344, 361, 367
-collective 76, 132, 135, 138, 141, 149,
150, 157,233, 340-344
- striking the right 105
Bay, Christian 36, 37
behavioral 13, 24, 35, 36, 54, 58, 72, 75,86, 98,
119, 122, 123, 125, 132, 151, 154, 184
behavior 20, 22, 25-28, 39, 42, 43, 45, 53, 58,
60, 70, 72, 74, 81, 91, 98, 99, 119, 123, 126,
136, 152, 162, 171, 184, 189, 202
- corporate 39
- symbolic 22
- prescribed 25, 43
- deviant 26
belief 28, 29, 34, 38, 44, 46, 47, 60, 103, 104,
116, 121, 122, 165, 166, 170, 189, 195, 225,
228, 229, 232, 237, 239, 244, 250, 252, 271,
305-308, 336, 355-357
- religious 29, 306, 355, 357
benefits 17, 53, 58, 60, 61, 63, 65, 66, 70, 74,
81, 87, 137, 163, 164, 169, 170, 176, 180,
182, 183, 203
- economic 60
- cultural 60
board 29, 52, 139,144,149, 151-153, 155,159,
274-276, 321
- conciliation 29
Bognetti, Giovanni 197, 198
Bornstein, Morris 133, 135, 136, 138-140,
159
Bossuyt, Marc 120
Boussiakou, Iris 226, 227
breach 83, 84, 105, 202, 203, 205, 212, 216,
217, 235, 243, 245, 246, 253, 254, 258,
261, 262, 268, 271, 273-275, 281-283, 286,
298-300, 304-307, 314, 315, 327, 329, 330,
333, 335-338, 347, 352, 353, 356, 364
- instantaneous 352
briefing 248, 249, 271
Brittan, Samuel 64, 133, 134, 137
Brudner, Alan 83
bureaucracy 29, 30, 51, 112, 133
case 13, 14, 17, 19-21, 23-26, 28-31, 34-39,
41, 42, 44, 45, 49, 54-56, 58, 60, 64-66, 72,
74,75, 84, 86, 90, 96, 102, 103-105, 107,
110, 111, 114, 119, 120, 122, 124, 128, 129,
133, 137-142, 146, 149, 151-153, 158, 159,
161, 163-165, 167, 173, 177, 179, 190, 196-
203, 205, 208-213, 216-241, 243, 244, 246,
247, 249, 250, 252-298, 300-307, 309-311,
377
THEORY OF RIGHTS
313-315, 317-319, 321, 323, 325, 327-343,
345-357, 359, 361, 362, 366
- case law 14, 102, 107, 196, 197, 200, 202,
217,223-225,235,239,255,258,259,262-
264,276,280, 283,285-287,289,290,292,
295, 297, 301, 309-311, 314, 318, 330, 333,
338, 341, 347, 353
- filtering case 303
- focused in a monocentric way 216, 354
- “flag burning” 237, 321
- repetitive 238
Cassese, Antonio 206
catalogue 196, 215, 257
- of human rights 215
change 18, 37, 46, 57, 65-68, 82, 83, 87, 90,
111, 122, 126, 131, 135, 136, 154, 158, 167,
200, 207, 216, 227, 229, 238, 260, 276, 290,
292, 305, 321, 327, 335, 339, 353, 364, 374
-social 37, 65, 122, 154
charge 247, 260, 263, 268, 273, 275-277, 293,
295, 296, 299, 300, 312-314, 316, 317, 322,
332
charisma 23, 29
checks and balances 162, 322, 324, 326
church 48, 87, 104
- Catholic Church 104
circumstance 61, 105, 137, 147, 216, 218,
242-244, 246-249, 252-258, 261, 263-265,
269, 270, 272, 275, 277, 280, 282-284, 293,
297, 298, 301, 309, 314-316, 318, 322, 323,
327-330, 334, 337, 342, 344, 349, 350
civil servants 233, 291, 301, 327, 332-334,
336
civil service 234, 332, 333, 335-339
claim 13, 18, 19, 21-32, 27, 28, 30, 31, 33,
35-39, 43, 44, 46, 48-50, 60, 68, 74, 84, 101,
104, 117, 122, 127, 135, 137, 140, 146, 161,
162, 164, 165, 170, 205, 208, 210, 216, 246,
257, 258, 260, 264-266, 268, 271, 280, 281,
288, 292, 303-306, 309, 310, 316, 317, 319,
320, 327, 336, 337, 344-347, 350, 352, 356,
366
- subjective 33
- to make a claim 38, 74
Clark, Terry N. 37, 361
class
- struggle 18
- social 23, 123
Claude, Richard R 37, 60, 119, 120, 122, 123,
125, 154
co-determination 76, 144, 151, 152, 160, 162,
343
coercion 27, 49, 133
- legal 27, 37
- coercive apparatus 22, 33, 34, 37
- coercive means 24, 37, 41, 42
communication 38, 49, 51, 52, 60, 75-77, 86,
87, 94, 95, 114, 132, 143, 149, 160, 161,
163-165, 167, 168, 170, 171, 173, 174, 176,
177, 182, 188-191, 212, 285, 303, 304, 322,
323, 336, 365, 366, 373
- audio-visual methods of 189
Community 23, 24, 27, 28, 31, 34, 37, 42, 45,
46, 50, 57, 59-61, 66, 69, 81-87, 116, 141,
153, 163-165, 167, 168, 173, 174, 177, 178,
180-183, 197, 206-208, 211, 225, 260, 305,
307, 331, 336, 350, 354, 356, 360, 361, 368
- local 69, 81
- moral 87
- religious 23
compensation 49, 104, 181, 257, 268, 271,
280-282, 303-305, 307, 323, 345-347, 356
competition 56, 113, 118, 134, 161
compliance 21, 46, 84, 90, 98, 105, 109, 157,
223, 228, 233, 268, 274, 280, 282, 283, 285,
305, 328, 330, 347
complaint 49, 51, 52, 93, 157, 199, 202, 218,
219, 229, 238, 261, 265, 266, 271, 278, 279,
286, 291, 300, 302, 304, 306, 309, 310, 320,
326, 327, 332, 335, 339, 341, 342, 346, 348,
349, 356, 361
- individual 218, 219
- constitutional 278, 300, 335
conciliation 29-31
378
INDEX
conciliator 29
conflict 13,17-24,28,29, 31,45, 51, 62,70, 85,
98, 105, 118, 121, 128, 149, 157, 162, 216,
227, 248, 294, 317, 322, 327, 344, 353-355,
359-361,368, 369, 371,373
- group 18
- indirect 29
- resolution 13, 17, 21, 29, 51
- situation 31
-social 17-20
- structural 18
- legal 19, 28
- non-legal 18
- normatively regulated 23
concept 13, 17, 24, 26, 35, 38, 41, 43, 53-58,
64, 65,70, 72, 75,81, 83, 84, 92, 93,96,110,
111, 121, 131, 135, 141, 161, 184, 195-198,
207, 208, 212, 223, 237, 243, 253, 271, 283,
293, 318, 320, 353, 360, 367, 369
- social scientific 53
-legal 35, 54, 56, 195, 223, 320
- semi-legal 56
conclusion 26, 30, 37, 44, 85, 108, 113, 114,
148, 158, 197, 224, 236, 243, 246, 251, 253,
254, 258, 265, 267, 271, 273-275, 281, 282,
284, 290, 294-296, 304, 310, 312, 313, 315,
323, 325, 326, 329, 330, 331, 333, 334, 336,
337, 339, 340, 341,352, 353
confidentiality 262, 263, 273, 304, 305
confidence 28, 44, 95, 124, 181, 284, 301, 308
- in law requirement 284
consultation 57, 76, 132, 144, 149, 150, 186,
187, 373
consumer 53, 59, 60, 63-65, 77, 91, 127, 133,
134, 136-139, 142, 157, 158, 161, 162, 166,
168, 173
- goods 53, 59, 60, 63, 136, 137, 139, 142,
166, 168
- rights 64
participation 64, 134
- sovereignty 137, 142, 157, 158, 161
Conseil dC Etat 281, 283-285, 290, 291
consent 21, 50, 57, 62, 299, 300
consistency 25-27, 43, 218, 238
constitution 5, 24, 25, 30, 41, 42, 50, 57, 62,
120, 127, 145, 148, 166, 177, 195, 196,
210, 211, 228, 242, 278, 286, 302, 303, 317,
333-335, 338, 350, 351, 359, 367, 369, 371
- US 196
constituency 321, 323-325
constitutionality 196, 302, 317
constraint 45, 83, 236, 247, 312
- constrant of the law 247
consultation 57, 76, 132, 144, 149, 150, 186,
187, 373
cooperation 42, 59, 64, 98, 103, 133, 144,
149-151, 170, 180, 187, 196, 206, 208, 366,
373
- noncoercive 64
contestation 76, 89, 114, 118, 137, 161, 289
contract 34, 50, 153, 157, 281, 287, 288
- social 50
control 20, 24,29, 39, 41, 56, 61, 63, 64, 74-76,
92, 93, 112, 113, 117, 119, 124, 126, 128,
129, 131-137, 139-142, 145, 146, 152, 156,
157, 159, 161, 162, 167, 198, 205, 212, 234,
241, 242, 244-248, 250, 252, 253, 259, 261,
262, 264, 303, 309, 310, 312, 337, 349,
350-352, 354
- social 20, 24, 41
conviction 84, 104, 165, 172, 225, 234, 241,
260, 262, 268, 269, 272, 294, 299, 306, 307,
314, 315, 317-320, 324, 325, 328-330, 355,
356
- religious 306, 356
- philosophical 306, 307, 355, 356
Corporation 38, 39, 47, 48, 63, 82, 85, 86, 121,
126-128, 142, 145-147, 208, 210-212
Coser, Lewis 18, 361
Covenant 40, 41, 43, 51, 56-60, 64, 68, 69, 82,
83,93,98,147,164,169, 175, 180, 183,188,
189, 195, 212, 360, 361, 372-374
-on Civil and Political Rights 40, 41, 51,
379
THEORY OF RIGHTS
56, 58, 59, 60, 93, 169, 175, 189, 195, 373,
374
~ on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
40, 41, 59, 68, 69, 98, 147, 164, 169, 175,
180, 183, 188, 361,372
Convention 19, 43, 59, 71, 72, 85, 102-106,
110, 128, 145-148, 165, 168-171, 176, 177,
186, 188, 196, 199-203, 207, 209, 212,
215-218, 223, 235, 237, 238, 241-243, 246,
247, 253, 255, 258, 260, 263, 265, 266,
268-271, 275-277, 279-284, 286, 288-291,
293, 294, 298, 300, 301, 304-307, 309, 311,
312, 314, 315, 320-326, 328, 330-332, 334,
337, 338, 340-342, 344, 345-351, 354, 356,
360, 363, 364, 366, 370-374
- the European Convention of Human
Rights 19, 103-105, 196, 201, 215, 217,
223, 235, 290, 330, 360, 363, 364, 370,
372
country 20, 25, 37, 42, 46, 58, 63, 71, 77, 86,
92-96, 98, 99, 110-112, 120, 125, 131, 135,
147, 148, 153, 158, 175, 182, 185, 190, 191,
201, 260, 264, 268, 299, 303, 320, 327, 329
court 5,13,14,17,23,24,28-31,36,41,49,51,
83, 102-107, 109-111, 121, 128, 129, 133,
146, 179, 196-200, 202, 203, 206, 208-212,
215-218, 223-231, 234-239, 241-248, 252,
255-341, 344-357, 359-361, 364-366, 370,
374
- appelate 267, 294, 295, 310, 311
- arbitration 29
- constitutional 5, 196, 197, 210, 211, 218,
223, 224, 229, 237, 266, 267, 278, 279,
300-303, 332, 335, 337, 361
- European Court of Human Rights 5,
13, 14, 49, 102, 103, 110, 196, 216, 218,
223-231, 242, 258, 260, 265, 269, 274,
280, 292, 296, 302, 326, 331, 359, 360,
365, 366, 370
- ordinary 301, 302, 304
- regular 24, 28, 29, 41
crime 66, 99, 102, 109, 127-129, 184, 202,
205-209, 241, 257, 262, 266, 272-274, 295,
299, 308, 313, 317, 328-331, 363, 373
-war 127-129, 205, 206, 208, 328, 330,
363
criterion 22, 24, 27, 33, 42, 43, 55, 64, 134,
153, 174, 264, 301,302,
Cruz, Hernán S. 92, 93, 94, 99, 112, 116, 120,
121, 126, 361
culture 28, 38, 55, 61, 66, 69, 72-74, 77, 78, 86,
98, 99, 101, 110, 116, 124, 163-173, 175-
177, 184, 189, 195, 200, 227, 231, 359-361,
363, 366
- political 98, 99, 101, 116, 124
-cultural activity 72, 77, 163, 165-167,
171-174, 178, 179
-cultural values 77, 166, 172-174, 176,
179
- cultural institutions 59, 77, 78, 173, 176,
176,189
custody 248, 260, 264-266, 268, 297, 298, 315,
317
- police 264-266, 268
custom 23, 29, 110, 126, 164, 185
D
Dahl, Robert A. 91, 92, 114, 361
damage 236, 246, 256, 268,281, 287, 288, 290,
293, 304, 308-310, 312, 315, 323, 329, 340,
345-347, 356
- non-pecuniary 287, 293, 310, 315, 323,
329, 345, 347
- pecuniary 345, 346
Danilenko, GennadyM. 84, 361
dealer 64, 266
decentralization 138, 174
Decision 23, 25-28, 31, 35, 37, 39, 42, 44, 52,
54, 55, 57-59, 61-64, 66-69, 75-78, 81, 82,
84, 87, 89-92, 96, 97, 101, 103-105, 112-
119, 125-127, 131-139, 141-146, 148-162,
173- 175, 179, 184, 185, 191,211,215,216,
224-232, 234, 235, 238, 239, 244, 245, 247,
248, 256, 258, 260-262, 267, 269, 274, 275,
278, 279, 285-289, 294, 295, 297, 300, 301,
303-306, 309, 311, 313, 319, 325-327, 330,
337, 338, 344, 345, 350, 352-356, 361, 370
- binding authoritative 30, 44
- decision-making powers 75, 152,155
380
INDEX
- legal Decision-making 27
-political 90, 92, 97, 117, 118, 125, 136,
288
- process of decision making 55, 58, 59,61,
62, 75-77, 81, 87, 114, 125, 131, 141, 149,
150, 156, 174, 179, 191, 226, 228
-judicial 25, 224, 225, 228, 229, 231, 232,
235, 238, 239, 297, 306, 326, 356
decision-making 25, 27, 37, 39, 64, 55, 58,
59, 61, 62, 64, 66-68, 75-77, 81, 87, 90,
112, 114, 117, 118, 125-127, 131, 132, 134,
136, 141-143, 149, 150, 152-157, 159-162,
173-175, 179, 184, 185, 191, 215, 224-229,
231,235, 238, 239, 361
- approach 37
- collective 61, 64, 125, 126, 159, 226
-formal 62, 76, 143, 155
- in development 66, 67
- individual 64
declaration 34, 35, 40, 42, 47, 59-64, 66-73,
82, 85, 92-95, 98, 99, 101, 102, 105, 108,
111, 112, 116, 117, 119, 120, 122, 125, 126,
150, 158, 163, 164, 167-170, 175, 177, 180,
184, 189, 190, 195, 207, 215, 275, 315, 350,
353, 372, 374
- Declaration on Social Progress and
Development 59, 60, 63, 66-69, 72, 73,
126, 167, 169, 175, 372
- Declaration on the Elimination of all
Forms of Racial Discrimination 70
defamation 103-106, 198, 237, 308, 320
- of the military 237, 320
defence 48, 82, 242, 243, 245, 253, 254, 257,
267, 269-271, 278, 292, 294, 295, 297-299,
313, 314, 317, 318, 320, 328-330, 336, 339
Demand 13, 19, 20-22, 27, 30, 31, 33, 36, 38,
39, 43-45, 49, 56, 60, 64, 73, 76, 82, 103,
114, 125, 126, 136-139, 171, 178, 190, 255,
263, 288,318, 340
- justified 13, 21, 22, 27
- normatively unjustified 21
democracy 5, 35, 37, 39, 53, 57, 61, 62, 68, 76,
89-92, 96, 102-104, 106-108, 110, 111, 120,
132, 133, 137, 140-142, 151-161, 195, 196,
215, 288, 328, 331, 333, 334, 336, 360, 363,
365, 366, 370
-‘capable of defending itself” 331, 333,
334
- industrial 39, 57, 141, 151-161, 363
- political 68, 76, 89,96, 140,157,159,160,
331
-work-place 76, 142, 157, 158, 159
- participatory 53, 132, 159
deportation 259-261, 264, 265, 268, 296, 329
deprivation 18, 19, 36, 37, 49, 51, 60, 62, 66,
69, 70, 86, 90, 116, 123, 126, 241, 242, 246,
297
- urban 86
detainee 263, 272, 273
detention 127, 201, 245, 248, 259, 261,
265-268, 271, 274, 275, 276, 304, 317
deterrent 249, 322, 325, 347
development 37, 43, 54, 57, 59, 60, 63, 65-69,
72-74, 77, 82, 87, 102, 110, 119, 121, 124-
126, 136, 138, 144, 150, 156, 158, 164, 167-
171, 175-185, 187, 191, 195, 197, 199, 200,
209, 211, 212, 219, 227, 262, 289, 331, 359,
360-362, 364, 366, 368-370, 372
- decision-making in development 66, 67
-economic 37, 43, 68, 125, 150, 169, 360,
361
- personal 74, 200
- process 67
- social 37, 65, 67, 68, 169, 366
- societal 77, 167
- socioeconomic 37, 183
Dickson, Brice 209, 362
dignity 13, 34, 35, 38, 47, 66, 67, 69-71, 73,
74, 82,85,108,150,170,193, 195-203, 205,
266, 327, 360, 362, 363, 370, 373
- human 13, 69, 71, 74, 85, 195-198, 200-
203, 205, 266, 360, 362, 363, 370
- inherent 47, 82
differentiation 26, 125
- functional 26
381
THEORY OF RIGHTS
disciplinary measures 234, 339
discretion 110, 111, 217, 252, 269, 278, 288,
304, 305, 309, 319, 333, 336, 337
discrimination 45, 47, 70-73, 75, 83, 89, 92-
94, 99, 107, 108, 112, 114, 116, 117, 119-
126, 148, 154, 170-172, 179, 181, 184, 186,
188, 191, 201, 205, 212, 237, 359, 361, 366,
371-373
- degrees of 72
- forms of 73, 120, 126, 372
-political 114, 117, 188
-racial 70-72, 83, 120, 123, 125, 148, 201,
372
- social 72, 73
dispute 13, 17,19,22, 27-31, 33,44,45,49,51,
118, 137, 209, 211, 217, 256, 265, 266, 272,
283, 284, 286-292, 300, 305, 309, 310, 318,
322, 337, 341,348,353, 370
- disputing parties 30, 33, 44
- dispute settlement 13, 17, 19, 22, 27, 28,
29,44,45,348
- means of 28
- mode of 17
- process 44
-public 118
dissemination 67, 77, 125, 143, 164, 167, 168,
170, 173, 176, 190, 234, 339
- of knowledge 190
DKP - German Communist Party 332, 333,
335-337, 339
Dominguez, Jorge I. 35, 362
doubt 36, 76, 91, 110, 247, 250, 253, 265, 267,
286, 293, 311, 318, 322, 324, 328, 334, 335,
342, 349,351
- reasonable 265, 267, 349
Drewnowski, Jan 135, 136, 138
Drittwirkung doctrine 342
duty 34, 41, 84, 170, 178, 199, 206, 210, 218,
234, 235, 243, 258, 280, 302, 304, 332-336,
338, 339, 341
- of care 235, 258
- of loyalty to the Constitution 335
Ecology 86, 141
Economic and Social Council 51, 84, 372
Economy 22, 27, 29, 33, 39, 55-57, 62, 64, 74,
78, 124, 131-133, 135-143, 147, 153, 159,
161, 162, 165, 166, 205, 361, 367, 370
- market 133, 135, 137-141, 161, 162, 370
- centrally planned 133, 135-138
- socialist market 133, 138-141, 162
education 31, 36, 38, 49, 55, 58, 59, 61, 66, 69,
71, 72, 74, 77, 95, 117, 122, 123, 136, 146,
147, 159, 161, 163-171, 175-179, 181, 184,
186-189, 197, 306, 307, 321, 332, 355, 357,
359,366, 371-373
-right to 61, 69, 72, 165, 179, 184, 185,
188, 306, 355
- educator 176, 185, 186, 306, 355
Elections 71, 76, 81, 86, 89, 90, 92, 94, 96, 97,
112-114, 126, 137,215, 321,322, 324
-free 89, 112, 322, 324
- genuine 76, 92, 112, 126
- competitive 112
equal treatment 26, 120-122, 301
emergency 30, 205, 209, 212, 254, 262, 269,
272, 287, 367
- law 262, 272
empathy 116
enforcement 19, 23, 40, 41, 44, 46, 49, 61, 62,
83, 118, 119, 137, 210, 211, 245, 252, 297,
349, 360
- means 41, 49
- law 41, 44, 49, 137, 245, 252
enjoyment 35, 68, 71, 82, 85, 86, 90, 99, 126,
129, 179, 206, 233, 275, 340-342, 344, 346,
349, 350, 351
- peaceful of possessions 346, 349, 351
environment 14, 73, 75, 86, 87, 125, 156, 159,
174, 175, 185, 237, 254, 255, 274, 289, 290,
345, 365, 370
equality 21, 26, 34, 35, 37, 38, 46, 47, 58, 60,
64, 85, 92, 96, 97, 115, 120-124, 150, 151,
382
INDEX
159, 184, 186, 190, 195, 283, 291, 322-326,
363, 369
- juridical 46
- of arms 283, 324, 326
- between candidates 322, 323, 325
equity 228, 304
examination 53, 56, 144, 216, 219, 226, 239,
242, 243, 246, 247, 271, 272, 278, 301, 305,
316,350, 351,352
- preliminary 53, 352
- cross-examination 247
Exchange 19, 20, 44, 53, 59, 63, 64, 77, 102,
133, 137-139, 143, 144, 149, 160, 166, 169,
170, 174, 177, 189, 190, 191, 351, 354, 360
-economic 64, 133, 137
-voluntary 19, 20
- social 19, 20, 53
exemption 84, 348
experts 29, 147, 242, 245, 247, 250, 254
expression 39, 71, 75, 77, 86, 89, 90, 92, 93,
97, 99, 101-110, 117, 132, 144, 160, 161,
163-167, 169, 172, 174, 176-178, 180, 183,
189, 198, 227, 234, 236, 237, 308, 309, 312,
314-324, 326-330, 332, 333, 336, 337, 341,
357,365
-political 104, 106, 107, 109
expropriation 346, 351
- irreversible 351
European Commission of Human Rights 224,
229, 258, 302
European Convention on Human Rights
- as a living instrument 104, 105, 196, 201,
215, 217, 235, 290, 330, 363, 364
European Court of Human Rights 5, 13, 14,
49, 102, 103, 110, 196, 216, 218, 223-230,
242, 258, 260, 265, 269, 274, 280, 292, 296,
302, 326, 331, 359, 360, 365, 366, 370
European Institute of Human Rights and
Peace 13
European Law Faculty 14
evidence 27,43,55,98,111,124,159,181,202,
211, 217, 218, 226, 235, 241-244, 246-250,
252, 253, 260-265, 267, 269, 270, 272, 273,
277, 282-284, 292, 294, 297, 314, 339-341,
346, 348, 349, 370
F
Faculty of Government and European Studies
14
fact-finding 49, 218
Falk, Richard A. 45, 46, 48
Finnis, John 47, 48, 50, 83, 199, 363
Fitzgerald, Sarala 145, 362
force 18, 20, 40, 41, 49-51, 56, 57, 68, 69, 71,
96, 113, 115-119, 124, 126, 128, 129, 131,
133, 136, 139, 142, 145-148, 152, 164, 169-
171, 176, 180, 186, 188, 189, 196, 205, 207,
208, 223, 228, 241-248, 251, 253, 260, 266,
270, 279, 307, 313, 317-320, 331, 344-346,
350, 356, 363, 367, 368, 371-374
- lethal 242, 243, 245, 251, 253
Foreseeability 218, 259, 284, 309, 318, 319
Friedman, Milton 133, 134, 135, 138, 362
frustration 18, 31, 91
Function 18, 19, 21, 25, 28-30, 40, 42, 44, 45,
54, 60, 61, 63, 65, 69, 70, 76, 77, 90, 94,
106-108, 110, 120, 124, 134, 144, 148, 150,
153, 154, 158, 159, 163, 167, 173-175, 183,
196, 198, 218, 219, 225-227, 229, 230, 237,
284, 306, 319, 320, 334, 348, 349, 355, 360,
361,367
- social 18, 60, 63
framework 13, 19, 21, 29, 35, 42, 46, 58, 62,
64, 77, 83,108,113, 119, 121, 132-134,138,
141, 142, 145, 146, 156, 157, 173, 187, 209,
215, 360, 369
- Lasswell-Kaplan 35
Freedom 13, 19, 21, 34-38, 40, 42, 46, 47, 51,
59, 60, 66-68, 70, 71, 75-77, 83, 85, 86,
89, 90, 92-94, 98, 101-111, 113, 116-118,
120-122, 124-127, 133, 135, 139, 143, 144,
146-148, 150, 160, 161, 163, 165, 168-172,
176-190, 197, 198, 205, 218, 223, 233-237,
239, 254, 258, 259, 284, 299, 302, 305, 306,
308, 309, 312, 314-316, 318-334, 337, 338,
383
THEORY OF RIGHTS
340-344, 348, 349, 355, 356, 360, 362, 363,
365, 367-369,371-373
- academic 77, 179, 182, 187
- creative 77, 182
- fundamental freedoms 19, 40, 42, 51, 68,
71, 75, 86, 103, 104, 124, 126, 168, 170,
223, 331,360, 372, 373
-of assembly 89, 98, 107, 110, 117, 161,
176
- of association 59, 108-110, 113, 147, 148,
150, 233, 331, 333, 340-342, 344, 360,
365, 371
- of communication 77
- to oppose 101
- to take part 101
-of opinion 71, 77, 89, 93, 101, 105, 116,
117, 160, 161, 165, 169, 176, 189
-of expression 89, 92, 93, 101-110, 163,
172, 176, 178, 198, 234, 236, 237, 308,
309, 312, 323, 324, 326-330, 332, 333,
337
-of information 94, 143, 144, 168, 171,
176, 188, 190,372
- of the press 93, 102-107, 323, 325
- to know 190
- to inform 190
- to teach 184, 185
Freedom of Association and Protection of
the Right to Organize Convention 59, 147,
148, 371
generality 25, 27, 42, 47
Geneva Conventions 128, 373
German Federal Constitutional Court 196,
300-302
- Bundesverfassungsgerichtshoff 197, 211
German reunification 301, 302
Giakoumopoulos, Christos 196, 197, 202,
362, 363
Gibraltar 241-250
goods 19, 20, 35, 37, 38, 48, 53, 58, 59, 63, 64,
91, 136, 137, 139, 142, 161, 162, 166, 167,
181
- consumer 53, 59, 63, 137, 139
- human 48
Gossip 23, 29
government 5, 14, 33, 38-40, 43, 46, 49, 50,
52, 54, 57, 58, 61-63, 69, 71, 75-77, 81, 84,
86, 87, 89-99, 101, 111-114, 117-120, 122,
124-126, 128, 129, 131, 134-142, 158, 160,
166, 171, 173-175, 178, 186, 205, 208, 209,
215, 216, 234, 235, 237, 242, 243, 254, 255,
257, 259, 260, 262, 265-267, 271, 272, 274,
279, 284, 286-290, 294, 307, 315, 316, 318,
320, 321, 323, 326, 328, 332-335, 339, 340,
341,344-356, 365
- democratic 57
- state 39, 62, 174, 175, 186, 208, 209
- respondent 267, 326, 348, 351
Gratification 19, 60
- of human needs 19
Group 13, 18, 20, 23, 29, 36, 43-46, 48, 50-52,
56, 58-63, 65, 66, 69, 70, 72-77, 81, 86, 87,
89-91, 95-98, 102-104, 106-108, 111-113,
115-118, 121, 123-126, 131, 132, 135, 137,
139, 140, 144, 147-149, 152-157, 159, 165,
166, 170-176, 180, 183-185, 190, 191, 205,
230, 231, 248, 253, 264, 299, 301, 310, 324,
326, 335, 362, 363, 368, 373
guarantee 22-27, 33, 40, 42, 62, 63, 66, 71, 77,
92, 96, 112, 113, 122, 133, 148, 157, 160,
171, 173, 182, 186, 190, 196, 200, 201, 202,
235, 258-261, 268, 275, 284, 292, 295, 297,
311, 312, 314, 318, 332, 340, 342, 344
H
habeas corpus 261, 262
hearing 216, 219, 236, 243, 246, 263, 271,
277-279, 284, 292, 293, 295, 297, 302, 309,
312-316,335, 351
Higgins, Rosalyn 83, 84, 363
hindsight 247
Holocaust 329, 330
honour 258, 320
384
INDEX
- personal 320
hypothesis 38, 154, 155, 180
Human Rights Committee 5, 51, 56, 117, 368
I
Idea 34, 50, 56, 58, 60, 76, 77, 91, 94, 96,
101-104, 117, 126, 137, 139, 141, 143, 144,
160, 161, 163-167, 170, 173, 174, 177, 182,
189, 191, 195, 200, 207, 218, 255, 292, 308,
316, 318, 320, 326, 331, 353, 354
- ideas that offend, shock or disturb 316
Ideology 23, 123
Identity 26, 30, 165, 167, 172, 199-201, 205
- personal 199
impartiality 28, 44, 102, 259, 295, 308
Implementation 27, 30, 40-42, 44, 48, 49, 57,
62, 67, 68, 74, 89, 107, 119, 121, 152, 162,
165, 171, 175, 179, 216, 235, 273, 337, 366
- mode of 49
- norm-implementation 30
- of human rights norms 44, 48
- policy 89, 119
- implementability 24
imprisonment 23, 35, 103, 104, 197, 198, 203,
264, 267, 269, 293, 295-297, 299, 315, 317
imputability 351
- of the interference 351
incrimination 269, 272
independence 5, 75, 86, 113, 148, 161, 185,
259, 295, 320, 326
Individual 13, 15, 18-20, 24-26, 29, 33, 35,
38-52, 56-69, 72, 74, 75, 77, 81-86, 90, 91,
93,95-97,101, 102, 104-107, 113, 115-118,
121, 128, 129, 131, 133, 135-137, 139, 142,
145, 147, 149, 152, 153, 159, 164, 166, 167,
172-174, 176, 178, 179, 183, 184, 188, 190,
191, 197, 198, 201, 205-211, 216-219, 224,
226-228, 230, 231, 235, 237-239, 242, 243,
248, 254, 256, 258, 259, 261, 262, 266, 272,
273, 288, 291, 302, 303, 318, 320, 324, 331,
333, 340, 342, 343, 348, 349, 351, 353-355,
367, 368, 370
- in action systems 13, 15
Inequality 63, 66, 70, 89, 114, 122, 126, 154
-social 66, 70, 122, 154
Influence 40, 44, 65, 87, 89, 93, 96-98, 106,
107, 109, 114, 116, 125, 131, 132, 134, 136,
138, 140-142, 149, 152, 153, 156, 157, 162,
173, 174, 179, 181, 231, 282, 283, 327, 333,
337, 340, 341, 362
Information 30, 35, 36, 38, 44, 49, 53, 60, 61,
64, 67, 71, 72, 75-77, 86, 92, 94, 95, 101-
104, 106-108, 116, 117, 125, 134, 143, 144,
149, 150, 153, 160, 161, 163, 165, 167-171,
173, 174, 176, 182, 184, 188-191, 200, 235,
239, 242, 243, 245-249, 251-255, 261-264,
271-273, 283, 303-305, 308, 316, 318, 322,
323, 325, 326, 340, 347, 372
Informant 266
infringement 24, 42, 113, 161, 286, 306, 314,
356
Initiative 28, 31, 44, 49, 61, 67, 75, 86, 89, 93,
96-98, 151, 167, 174, 177, 187, 226, 243,
266
Injustice 216, 288, 303
Injunction 274, 275, 277, 308, 309, 310
- application 277
inquest 242-250, 252, 253
inquiry 18, 58, 61, 90, 99, 114, 123, 159, 266,
267, 360, 367
insult 237,317-321
- collective 237, 320, 321
inspection 65, 187, 242, 251, 254
instance 20, 21, 29, 36, 46, 48, 58, 104, 127,
145, 167, 190, 218, 226, 242, 274-276,
279-282, 285, 292-295, 301, 307, 312, 334,
349, 356
- first 104, 274-276, 292-295, 349
- first-instance court 104, 294, 295
integrity 102, 109, 197, 201, 203, 234, 255,
266, 286, 287, 308, 334, 339
- physical 197, 203, 255, 266, 286, 287
intelligence 241, 245, 249, 250, 261, 272
385
THEORY OF RIGHTS
- intelligence information 249, 261
interaction 18-20, 37, 53, 65, 123, 185, 190,
191
interdependence 18, 26, 58, 68, 352
interference 101-103, 109, 110, 115, 117, 160,
189, 199, 202, 207, 210, 218, 235, 237, 254,
255, 259, 273, 299, 300, 303, 306, 308-310,
312, 314-316, 318-321, 325-328, 332-334,
336, 337, 342, 350, 351, 353, 356
- by public authority 102, 255, 308
International Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights 40, 41, 51, 56, 58-60, 93, 169, 175,
189, 195, 373, 374
International Labour Organization 77, 132,
143, 144, 151, 158, 177, 371, 373
International law 5, 21, 34, 38-41, 45, 52, 64-
66, 69, 82-85, 110, 121, 127, 129, 145, 146,
153, 157, 165, 205, 206, 209, 211, 215, 244,
289-291, 349, 350, 353, 354, 360-370
- general priciples of 349, 353
Intervention 24, 28, 29, 31, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48,
131, 135, 178, 207, 208, 219, 300, 329, 342,
350, 363
- coercive 24, 42
- costs of the intervention 31
- extra legal 29
- intervening party 29
- legal 29
- outside 48
- third party 28, 29, 31
institution 5, 17, 22-31, 33, 39, 41-43, 45, 53-
55, 59, 62, 75, 77, 78, 81, 86, 87, 92, 98, 99,
105, 112-116, 123, 126, 135, 139, 150-152,
159, 173, 174, 176, 183, 185, 187-189,195,
198, 205, 217, 237, 274, 275, 283, 289, 290,
298, 303, 319, 320, 330, 335, 342, 343, 348,
349, 374
interests 5, 17, 19, 22, 25, 26, 33, 39, 42, 48,
51, 59, 61,62, 68, 75, 76, 82-87,89, 91, 101-
105, 107-109, 116-118, 125, 132, 134, 137,
143, 147-149, 158, 159, 161, 162, 164, 167-
169, 174, 180, 183, 196, 200, 202, 203, 217,
236, 272, 277, 278, 288, 293, 299, 304, 306,
308, 312, 326, 331, 334, 336, 342, 343, 348,
363, 372
- national 83, 105, 272
- public 202
interpretation 22, 33, 37, 40, 41, 54, 99, 112,
142, 163, 178, 196, 199, 201, 235, 237-239,
246, 258, 281, 330, 342, 350, 366
involvement 54, 75, 77, 81, 86, 89, 95, 98, 114,
116, 119, 124, 125, 153-155, 160, 171-175,
182, 191, 231, 234, 335, 339, 370
- genuine 75, 86
- in decision-making 77, 160,173
- manipulated 75, 86
- political 95, 98, 234, 339
IRA 241, 244, 245, 248-251, 262, 270
issue 13, 22, 23, 34, 35, 37, 39, 40, 44, 45, 49,
52, 54-57, 61, 63, 64, 65, 68-70, 74-77, 81,
84, 86, 89, 91, 96, 97, 101, 108, 113, 119,
131, 132, 137, 140-142, 144, 146, 149-151,
154, 157, 159-162, 165, 169, 178, 183, 190,
191, 197, 199, 200, 207, 210, 216, 217, 226-
229, 231, 232, 235, 237, 238, 242, 246, 247,
252, 253, 258, 261, 262, 271-273, 275, 279,
281, 283, 287, 289-292, 294-297, 300, 301,
304, 305, 307, 312, 314, 320-322, 324-326,
328, 329, 332, 337-339, 341, 343, 345, 349,
351, 352, 354, 355, 357, 361, 368-370
International Labor Organization 132, 148, 151,
186
International Criminal Court 5, 206, 374
ius natural 34
J
Jaklic, Klemen 224, 228, 364
Jambrek, Peter 5,14,37,81,223,224,229-236,
238, 239, 241, 243, 245, 246, 255, 258, 261,
264, 266, 271, 276, 279, 281, 283, 286, 291,
294, 298, 300, 304, 307, 311, 315, 320, 323,
327, 329, 334, 341, 348, 350, 356, 364
journalist 77, 104, 108, 166, 171, 173, 176,
189-191,266, 313-316, 330
judgement 197
Judicial activism 228, 365
386
INDEX
Judicial restraint 217, 228, 352
Judge 5, 29, 50, 83, 187, 198-200, 202, 203,
217, 218, 223-241, 244, 246, 255, 256, 258,
259, 261, 263-271, 274, 276, 279-281, 283,
286, 291, 292, 294, 296, 298-300, 303, 304,
307-309, 311, 315, 320, 322, 323, 327, 329,
332, 334, 336, 341, 348-350, 352-354, 356
Jurisdiction 40, 41, 63, 82, 97, 127, 128, 141,
164, 206, 210, 223, 238, 259, 267, 275, 278,
284, 290, 295, 300, 313, 315, 319, 341, 348,
350, 352, 353
- domestic 40, 223
- full 290, 295, 300
- international 40
- ratione temporis 315, 352
- United Nations 41
Jurisprudence 17,19, 36, 50,67, 111, 117,197,
211,331, 364, 365, 368
Jury 29, 242, 246, 247, 269, 299, 308-310, 312
Justice 5, 24, 26, 29, 30, 34, 38, 45, 47, 50, 51,
63, 105, 127, 164, 165, 170, 179, 195, 196,
198, 199, 209, 211, 228, 242, 257, 261, 262,
269, 277, 278, 293, 298, 301, 302, 310, 321,
326, 327, 348, 349, 362, 367, 369
- formal 26
- procedural 261, 262
- substantive 26
- fundamental 127
Justiciability 118, 157, 217, 361, 367
K
Kamminga, Menno T. 217, 364
Kant, Immanuel 47, 197
Kaplan, Abraham 35, 59, 61, 90, 92, 96, 364
killing 127, 212, 242, 243, 245-247, 249
Knox, John H. 85, 211, 364
knowledge 188-191
- transfer of 189
- carriers of 189
Kommers, Donald P. 197, 364
Lasswell, Harold D. 35, 59, 61, 67, 69, 90, 92,
96, 365, 365
laymen 29
Law 5, 14, 18, 19, 21-31, 33, 34, 36, 38-42, 44,
45, 47-50, 52, 55-57, 62, 64-67, 69, 70, 73,
74, 76, 82-85, 98, 99, 101-103, 106, 107,
109, 110, 117-122, 127-129, 137, 143, 145-
147, 153, 155, 157-159, 165, 185, 195-202,
205- 207, 209-212, 215-218, 221, 223, 224,
226, 228, 235, 237-239, 241, 242, 244, 245,
247, 252, 253, 255, 257-259, 261-264, 268,
270, 272, 273, 275-277, 279-314, 317-322,
324-334, 338, 341, 342, 344, 347, 349, 350,
352, 353, 356, 359-370
- blue laws 24
- case law 14, 102, 107, 196, 197, 200, 202,
217, 218, 221, 223, 224, 235, 239, 255,
258, 259, 262-264, 276
- customary 83, 145, 147
- domestic 40, 122, 127, 145, 235, 280-282,
295, 342, 362
- highest law 25, 42
- humanitarian 5, 41, 127
-international 5, 21, 34, 38-41, 45, 52,
64-66, 69, 82-85, 110, 121, 127, 129, 145,
146, 153, 157, 165, 205, 206, 209, 211,
215, 244, 289-291, 349, 350, 353, 354,
360-370
-judge-made 303
- municipal 45
-national 76, 101, 109, 117, 143, 145, 242,
270, 284, 290, 304, 305, 309, 310, 318
- natural 36, 47, 48, 50, 366
- of the United Nations 40, 41, 50, 153
- positive 26, 34, 83, 85
- lawmaking 22
law-enforcement 245, 252
lawfulness 243, 256, 268, 273, 305, 350
lawyer 49, 83, 243, 270, 271, 275, 292, 294,
296,314, 326, 327, 363
- ex officio 327
Labor 23, 28, 31, 59, 63, 67, 83, 126, 131, 132,
387
THEORY OF RIGHTS
134, 136, 137, 139, 140, 144-148, 151, 153,
159, 161, 162, 166, 186, 367, 368, 370
- force 126, 131, 136, 139, 367, 368
-forced 145-147
Legality 23, 26, 89, 98, 152, 242
legal means 27, 28, 39, 44, 126
legal nature 17, 25, 39, 40, 42, 43, 118
legal positivism 34
legally binding 40, 41, 225
Legislative process 25
- legislator 50, 258
legitimacy 19, 20, 23, 28, 29, 35,43-48, 85,99,
134, 137, 138, 140, 142, 152, 154, 226, 311,
329, 342
- general 28, 44
- legal-rational 26, 29
-legitimate aim 106, 109-111, 273, 296,
299, 304, 309-311, 314, 315, 318-320,
322, 323, 325, 326, 328, 330, 332-334,
342, 344
- legitimate violence 40
Letnar Cernic, Jernej 5, 13, 14, 44, 47, 49, 82,
102, 103, 106-108, 120, 127, 145, 207, 209,
223, 241, 365
Locke, John 34, 47, 50, 195
liability 282, 290, 312
libel 105, 308-310,312
liberties 37, 39, 47, 113, 159, 176, 363
- basic 39, 47
-civil 37, 113, 159, 363
liberty 34, 35, 46, 47, 127, 170, 182, 200, 266,
268, 297, 344
license 97
life 20, 34-36, 48, 58, 59, 61, 64-67, 69, 71,
75, 77, 78, 86, 93, 114, 116, 118, 119, 124,
126, 127, 129, 144, 148, 163-181, 183, 185,
187, 189, 197-200, 202, 228, 234, 235, 237,
241-246, 248, 253-257, 272, 273, 277, 286,
293, 295, 299, 303, 319, 320, 332, 336, 339,
343, 345, 347, 360-362, 374
- right to 127, 202, 235, 241, 243, 245, 253,
255, 256, 286
- private 198, 200, 202, 234, 277, 299, 303,
339
- familty 199, 200, 254, 255, 273, 299, 345
limitation 93, 98, 99, 107, 120, 218, 296, 304,
305, 309, 321-324, 330, 344
Lip set, Seymour Martin 37, 365
litigation 29, 31, 211, 368
Manipulation 76, 155, 161, 324, 326
- of workers 155
margin 105, 106, 110, 111, 198-201, 234, 236,
245, 251, 309, 311, 313, 319, 323-327, 333,
336, 339, 341, 344, 360
- of appreciation 105, 106, 110, 198-201,
234, 236, 309, 311, 313, 319, 323-327,
333, 336, 339, 341,344
-of error245, 251
market 58, 59, 64, 65, 133-135, 137-142, 150,
161, 162, 166, 178, 183, 361, 370
-free 135, 139
Marks, S. 66, 165, 169, 366
Martinez, Miguel Alfonzo 84
Marx, Karl 18, 37, 68, 126
McClosky, Herbert 115
means 13, 18, 22, 24-29, 33, 39-49, 51-53, 57-
64, 67, 70, 73, 76-78, 84, 91, 92, 94, 96, 98,
103, 111, 112, 114, 115, 119, 124, 126, 131,
133, 134-139, 141, 143, 148, 149, 161, 162,
165, 167, 170, 174-176, 178, 180, 183, 187,
189-191, 197, 198, 201, 208, 210, 216, 218,
228, 232-234, 241, 244, 275, 278, 287, 293,
296, 316, 322, 327, 329, 335, 339, 340, 343,
347, 360, 364, 373
- alternative 40, 61, 91, 340
- coercive 24, 41, 42
- enforcement 41,49
- of dispute settlement 28
-of production 53, 59, 60, 63, 133, 135,
138, 139,141, 161, 167
388
INDEX
media 30, 35, 44, 47, 53, 60, 87, 90, 94, 101,
102, 105, 108, 114, 116, 117, 143, 144,
160, 163, 169, 172, 174, 176, 183, 189-
191, 372
- mass 30, 35, 44, 47, 53, 94, 116, 144, 172,
174,176, 183, 189, 190, 372
mediating party 29, 30
mediation 30, 44, 135
mediator 30, 31, 44, 65
mental health 274-277
memorial 255, 272, 287, 334, 339, 351
merits 216, 217, 226, 257, 258, 265, 278, 279,
290, 300, 305, 310, 314, 340, 345, 348,
350-352
methodology 55, 69, 96
Milbrath, Lester W. 95, 98, 115, 366
military 30, 46, 75, 96, 113, 128, 129, 146,
184, 237, 242, 243, 247-249, 291, 306, 313,
317-320, 355
minority 45, 65, 69, 70, 72-74, 137, 151, 153,
165, 184, 286, 290, 291,352
- groups 72, 73, 165
mode 13, 17-31, 35-37, 44, 59, 51, 55, 57, 64-
67, 69, 76, 79-191, 196, 359
- of rights 79
- of dispute settlement 13, 17, 19
monarch 23
Moore, Barrington 37, 65, 366
morality 23, 34, 38, 83, 98, 99, 300, 367
motion 82, 176, 254, 266, 267, 294, 306, 355
Munich Agreement 353
Name 21, 28, 36, 58, 90, 99, 109, 198, 199,
229, 236, 244, 264, 278, 328
nation 20, 30, 34, 35, 37, 40-43, 45, 46, 48-51,
54, 56, 60, 61, 63, 66, 68-70, 72, 73, 75-77,
84, 92, 94, 97-99, 101, 103-105, 108, 113-
116, 118, 126, 128, 129, 133, 138, 139, 142,
150, 153, 158, 160, 161, 164, 167-171, 175,
176, 181, 182, 184-186, 188-190, 207, 208,
212, 234, 239, 260, 289, 303, 330, 353, 359-
362, 364, 369, 372, 374
negligence 235, 257, 258, 282
negotiation 30, 44, 49, 149
Need 13, 18-20, 22, 25, 27, 31, 33-38, 42, 45,
51, 60, 69, 74, 75, 84, 87, 90-92, 95, 102,
104, 106, 109-111, 122, 125, 126, 137, 138,
151, 158-160, 164, 170, 171, 178, 179, 181,
183, 185, 186, 190, 191, 201, 203, 217, 218,
225, 237, 238, 243, 247, 248, 251-253, 261,
263, 273, 274, 276, 277, 286-288, 290, 303,
314, 318, 319, 326, 333, 335, 336, 344, 369
- human 13, 19, 20, 34, 36, 37, 38, 91, 369
-social 25, 42, 51, 87, 110, 111, 314, 319,
335, 336, 344
- pressing 110, 111, 314, 319, 333, 335, 336,
344
norm 19-31, 33, 38-46, 48-50, 52, 54, 55, 60,
63-65, 67-73, 75, 77, 81-86, 94, 96, 98, 112,
116, 117, 119, 120, 123, 126, 128, 129, 132,
145, 147, 150, 153, 157, 158, 164, 182, 228,
309, 363, 364, 366
- alienated 23
- autonomous 23
- creation of 22, 23
- enforcement 19
- extra legal 28
- finding 19
- fundamental 50, 85
- general 22, 25, 45, 71
- group 20, 126
- heteronomous 23
- human right norms 55, 112
- imposed 23
- legal 22,25-28, 33, 42, 46, 52, 54, 84, 116,
153
- procedural 23, 29
- substantive 22, 23, 52
- system of 25, 42
- transnational norms 128
- upper-level 25, 43
- valid 24, 25, 42
389
THEORY OF RIGHTS
normative consistency 25
NPD 337, 338
O
obiter dictum 202, 321, 351
objection 157, 216, 217, 223, 280, 285, 286,
289, 294, 314, 315, 317, 323, 340, 344, 348,
350-353
- preliminary 216, 217, 223, 286, 317, 323,
344, 350-352
Obligation 20, 21, 38, 73, 84, 85, 86,103,116,
121, 122, 127, 128, 145-147, 179, 188, 196,
199, 200, 207-212, 233, 235, 237, 243-245,
247, 253-256, 258, 259, 264, 266, 268, 277,
297, 298, 301, 302, 304-307, 310, 340-342,
344, 347, 355-357, 364, 365
- to reciprocate 21
- positive 199, 200, 207, 208, 233, 235,
254-256, 340-342
- horizontal 209, 210
- private 209
observation 35, 51, 52, 73, 184, 255, 274, 277,
283, 294,310,316, 345
offence 71, 104, 145, 146, 202, 206, 207, 219,
244, 262, 264, 268, 269, 271, 273, 277, 278,
292-295, 299, 313, 314, 318, 322
- alleged 262
- minor 295
Operationalization 27, 43, 54, 157
Opinion 5, 13, 14, 36, 47, 49, 51, 55, 60, 67,
69-71, 74-77, 86, 89, 90, 93-95, 101, 102,
105, 108, 110, 116-118, 120-122, 125, 129,
137, 143, 144, 148, 149, 153, 160, 161, 163,
165, 167, 168-170, 176, 179, 181, 182, 186,
189, 191, 198-203, 216-218, 223-357, 360,
367, 370
-separate 5, 13, 14, 129, 201, 223-227,
229-235, 237-241, 253, 256, 259, 263,
269, 274, 278, 280, 282, 291, 292, 296,
299, 303, 306, 308, 313, 317, 326, 328,
332, 339, 344, 350, 355, 360, 370
- concurring 199, 202, 203, 218, 223, 224,
226, 229, 230, 231, 234-236, 255, 258, 261,
263,279,281, 283, 291, 320, 329, 338
-dissenting 198, 200, 202, 216, 217, 223-
227, 229, 230, 232-234, 236-239, 246, 258,
259,262-266, 271,276, 286, 294, 298, 300,
304, 307, 311,315, 323,327, 334, 341, 348,
350, 356
- expert 263, 273, 285, 296
Opponent 18, 31, 90
opposing parties 28, 30, 31, 44
opposition 62, 89, 92, 96, 101, 108, 113, 114,
161,324, 361
Order 17, 18, 20-22, 24-28, 30, 33-56, 60,
61, 63, 68, 69, 72, 74, 75, 82, 84-87, 98,
99, 106-110, 112, 117, 120, 121, 126, 127,
136, 139-141, 143, 147, 155, 158, 161, 166,
170-172, 177, 180, 184, 188, 197, 202, 207,
210-212, 216, 218, 223, 227, 228, 233,
241, 244, 246, 248, 253, 263-265, 268-282,
284-288, 291-298, 301, 306, 309-311, 313,
316, 317, 321, 323-325, 328, 330, 332, 334,
335, 337, 342, 343, 347, 356, 366, 368
- external normative order 22, 33
- legal orders 24-26, 38, 41, 43, 46, 47, 50,
63, 82, 84,85, 98, 120, 121, 127, 207,210,
212, 227,311
-normative 20-22, 27, 33, 35, 37, 39, 41,
43-45, 47, 49,51,53, 86, 99
-public 43, 69, 84, 98, 99, 110, 121, 218,
223, 265, 277, 279, 280, 306
-European public order 110, 218, 223,
279, 280
- world 42, 45, 46, 52, 56, 366, 368
- world legal 46
Orekhelashvili, Alexander 83, 84, 366
Organization 17, 24, 30, 31, 39,40,41, 48, 51 -
53, 55, 56, 59,61,62, 65, 67, 76, 77, 92, 103,
105, 108, 112, 113, 131, 132, 134, 135, 139,
141, 143, 144, 147-149, 151, 155, 156, 158,
160-162, 164, 174-177, 179, 185-187, 189,
226, 367, 370-373
- non-governmental organizations 48, 51,
52,67,131,175
- of cultural activities 174
- private 39
- public 39
390
INDEX
- semi-private 39
- supranational 48
-work 53, 55, 134, 141, 156
ownership 53, 60, 63, 64, 133-135, 138-141,
351,353
- corporate 63
-ofland60, 63
- society of 64
- owners rights 157
P
panel 207, 261, 300, 332, 374
Parsons, Talcott 18, 19, 366
participant 54, 62, 65, 66, 74, 76, 77, 89, 91,
95, 97, 113-116, 124, 132, 134, 140, 148,
149, 152-154, 165, 171, 174, 185, 191
participation 13, 34-37, 53-78, 81, 86, 87,
89-99, 101, 110, 113-127, 131-138, 140-
144,149-162, 165-168, 171-175, 177-179,
183-185, 187, 190, 191, 307, 308, 357,
360-371
- active 67, 142, 160, 174, 175, 177, 190
- as a human right 13, 56, 61, 77, 191, 364
- as the operationalization of the legal
concepts 54
- aspects of 53
- behavioral connotation 54
- citizen 57, 64, 92, 131
- colloquial meaning 54
- concept of 53, 54, 64, 70
- conditions of 89, 119
- consequences of 114, 119
- consumer 64, 134
- direct 57, 93, 96, 152, 159, 165
- degree of 69
- effective 68, 76, 144, 172
- individual 58
- in decision-making 54, 61, 66, 75, 77, 81,
131, 141, 142, 149, 154, 159, 161, 191
- in culture 166
-in decisions 35, 76, 78, 132, 135, 138,
149-151, 153, 158, 160, 162, 179, 370
- in development 57, 66
- in education 55
- in group activities 59
- in science 53
- indirect 91, 96,153
- in the economy 55, 74, 131, 132, 142
- in the organizations 153
- in trade union activities 76, 143
- legal meaning 54, 55
- methodology 55, 69
- modes of 64, 65, 66, 69, 118, 131
- of workers 76, 132, 144, 149, 152
-political 35, 37, 53, 55, 57, 61, 62, 71,
74, 75, 81, 86, 89, 90, 92, 93-96, 98, 99,
113-115,117-120,122-127,131,136-138,
141, 154, 366
- states of 53, 74, 81
- study of 58, 191
- to participate in cultural life 77
-workers 76, 132, 135, 141, 142, 149, 150,
151, 153, 154, 158, 161, 162, 361, 365,
367, 368, 370
participatory act 58, 59, 75, 86, 89, 95-97,115,
125,142
participatory activities 36, 67, 98, 114
parties in conflict 22, 31
party 17, 20-23, 28-31, 33, 36, 39, 44, 45, 49,
72, 75, 89, 90, 94, 95, 97, 101, 106, 109-115,
124, 162, 212, 233, 234, 311, 324, 330, 332,
333, 335, 338, 339, 343, 344, 363
- deprived 22, 33, 49
- mediating 29, 30
- political 30, 39, 94, 95, 97, 101, 109, 111,
115, 124, 324
Pateman, Carole 159, 366
penalty 73, 103, 104, 146, 196, 197, 198, 241,
306, 314, 317, 326, 327, 332, 337, 338, 355,
356, 374
person 19,21, 22, 24, 29, 33-35, 38, 39, 41, 47,
49, 51, 58-60, 62, 63, 65, 69-71, 73-75, 83,
86, 89-91, 96, 103, 104, 108, 115, 116, 121,
122, 127-129, 137, 142, 143, 145-147, 152,
391
THEORY OF RIGHTS
164-167, 170, 171, 176, 180, 181, 188, 190,
195, 196-201, 203, 205-207, 209, 210, 241,
244, 245, 248, 253-255, 262, 264, 265-268,
271-276, 278, 285, 289, 291, 297, 299, 301,
310, 312, 314, 318-320, 322, 324, 333, 344,
349, 355, 360,371-373
-legal 122, 127, 128, 146, 349
petition 40, 51, 52, 94, 216, 204, 264, 302
- individual 51, 216, 302
PKK 313, 314, 316
plaintiff 146, 235, 258, 281, 312
pluralism 17, 24, 89, 90, 102, 103, 106-108,
110, 112, 118, 148, 161,227,318, 343, 362,
365
- in democratic society 343
police 23, 87,103,202, 235,242,243,247-249,
251-253, 256-260, 264-271, 289, 291, 292,
296, 298, 299, 331
- officer 242, 247, 253, 256, 265-267, 292
politics 21, 45, 46, 51, 56, 64, 75, 78, 89, 90,
115, 116, 122-124, 126, 141, 161, 226, 234,
339, 364, 366, 369, 370
- domestic 46
possessions 13, 20-22, 30, 33,45, 60, 346, 349,
351
- valued 13, 20-22, 30, 33, 45, 60
power 17, 18, 20, 22, 31, 35, 39, 43-46, 50, 51,
56, 57, 61, 62, 65, 73, 75, 89, 90, 92, 93, 96,
97, 101, 106, 109, 111, 112, 117, 123, 137,
140-142, 145, 146, 152, 153, 155, 156, 158,
159, 162, 173, 184, 212, 217, 228, 238, 256,
257, 268, 279, 285-290, 313, 319, 324, 354,
360, 364, 367
- relationships 18
practice 57, 60, 73, 74, 76, 84, 86, 90, 111, 112,
119, 120, 122, 123, 126, 135, 137, 138, 141,
143, 145, 152, 154, 157, 159, 162, 188, 191,
198, 201, 202, 205, 208, 209, 212, 215, 216,
219, 238, 242, 243, 267, 279, 305, 323, 335,
347, 350, 367,370,374
precautionary principle 289, 291
precedent 49, 218, 219, 282, 301, 303, 354
predictability 26, 43
392
preference 17, 71, 89, 91, 92, 94-96, 116-118,
124, 136-138, 148, 149, 183, 186, 215, 228,
326, 359
- articulation of 89, 116
prejudice 70-72, 188, 238, 270-272, 277, 323-
325, 359
preliminary objection 216, 217, 223, 286, 317,
323, 344, 350-352
premise 26, 144, 148, 266, 270, 306, 313, 356
- upper 26
- lower 26
pressing social need 110, 111, 314, 319, 335,
336,344
pressure group 23, 48, 324, 326
prevention 13, 74, 102, 108, 109, 128, 207,
215, 268, 276, 299, 308, 328, 330, 331
preventative function 218
principle 20, 23-26, 34, 38, 41, 43, 45-48, 57,
62, 63, 73, 84, 90, 94, 108, 111, 112, 119,
121, 122, 127, 138, 140, 142, 143, 147, 148,
157, 159, 162, 167-170, 177, 178, 181, 184,
186, 188-190, 195-198, 201, 202, 211, 218,
228, 231, 236, 237, 262, 263, 266, 270, 274,
279, 282-284, 289, 291, 297, 298, 301, 302,
309, 314, 315, 318, 319, 324, 327, 330, 331,
333, 334, 337, 339, 342, 349, 352, 353, 355,
361-363,370-372
privacy 102, 104, 105, 113, 196, 197, 199-201
problem 17, 19, 34, 35, 38, 52, 55, 60, 61,68,
73, 77, 82, 87, 89-92, 97,110, 118, 121, 124,
126, 140, 160, 169, 173-175, 178, 183, 184,
191, 202, 215, 216, 238, 239, 260, 272, 280,
289, 292, 303, 354, 355, 361, 363-365, 368,
370
procedure 25, 27,40, 49,51,52, 112, 119, 144,
159, 169, 186, 243, 244, 259, 261, 267-269,
280-282, 286, 290, 292, 296, 297, 340, 359
process 61, 90
- problem solving 89, 90, 91
professionals 29, 162, 185
prohibition 83, 85,107,109, 116, 120-122, 129,
145-147, 207, 243, 260, 294, 322, 371, 372
INDEX
proof 96, 138, 161, 267, 270, 275, 288
provision 41, 43, 59, 62, 64, 66, 67, 70-73, 76,
77, 101, 105, 109, 116, 118, 127, 143, 147,
150, 153, 163, 168, 172, 174, 176, 181, 182,
184-186, 198, 202, 203, 207, 208, 210, 216,
218, 237-239, 241, 242, 244, 245, 251, 258,
261, 262, 268-274, 279-282, 285, 293, 298,
300, 302, 304, 305-307, 310, 311, 317, 318,
322, 325, 332, 341, 349-352, 356
- substantive 182, 238
- operative of the judgement 307, 352, 356
participant 54, 62, 65, 66, 74, 76, 77, 89, 91,
95, 97, 113-116, 124, 132, 134, 140, 148,
149, 152-154, 165, 171, 174, 185, 191
proceeding 103-105, 129, 217, 225, 226, 234,
242, 243, 245, 246, 261-263, 265-270, 275,
278-283, 285-287, 289-295, 297, 299, 300,
302-305, 308, 310, 311, 314, 315, 317, 320,
322, 327, 329, 332, 333, 335, 336, 339, 340,
348
- criminal 103, 265-267, 270, 292, 293, 297,
299, 305,314,315,317, 327
- length of 302, 314
- preliminary 300, 303
prosecution 197, 206, 270, 299, 300, 319, 321,
322, 325, 329
- public prosecutor 264, 267, 292, 313, 327
pressure group 23, 48, 324, 326
prerogative act 287, 288
production 18-20, 53, 59, 60, 63-65, 77, 87,
132-142, 144, 147, 150, 153, 155, 160-162,
166, 167, 173, 174, 178, 180, 181, 184, 189,
253, 254, 285,316
- autarkica 20
profession 25, 29, 35, 42, 162, 168, 179, 181,
187, 190, 224, 238, 327
propaganda 234, 250, 334, 339
property 18, 24, 25, 31, 34-37, 42, 53, 59, 60,
62-64, 70, 71, 95, 106, 107, 116, 121, 122,
123, 135, 142, 167, 173, 197, 203, 256, 278,
301, 345, 346, 349-353, 369
- rights 37, 62-64, 135, 142, 350, 351
protection 19, 36, 39, 41, 45, 46, 48-50, 59,
66, 70, 71, 82, 84-86, 90,102,103,106-111,
119, 121, 126-128, 134, 145, 147, 148, 169,
180, 186, 190, 198, 201, 207, 210, 211, 215,
217, 223, 237, 238, 254, 255, 264-266, 269,
272-277, 286, 287, 289-292, 299, 301-303,
305, 306, 308, 309, 316, 320, 321, 328, 330,
331, 333, 334, 340, 342, 348, 349, 360, 365,
366, 369, 371-373
- judicial 50
- of human rights 19, 39, 45, 48, 49, 84,
103, 201, 210, 211, 215, 217, 223, 238,
360, 366, 372
Public affairs 17,43, 54, 57, 58, 71,93, 94, 107,
118, 125, 175
punishment 20, 97, 128, 196, 201-203, 207,
234, 236, 237, 259, 260, 276, 307, 320, 357,
371,373
R
raison d* Etat 272
rape 21, 127, 202, 205, 207
Ratio scale 24,42
Rationality 23, 26, 29, 30, 359
- legal 26, 29
Ratner, Steven R. 146, 206, 367
Raz, Joseph 83, 367
Rawls, John 26, 47, 367
reallocation 22
reason 24, 26, 36, 42, 50, 71, 73, 83, 104, 106,
109, 111, 124, 134, 137, 156, 158, 161,201,
216, 224, 225, 227, 232, 235-239, 244, 253,
255, 257, 258, 260, 262, 263, 265, 267, 268,
273, 274, 276, 278, 280-284, 288, 290, 295,
300-302, 304, 307, 309, 311-316, 318-320,
322, 325, 326, 333-336, 338-344, 348, 351-
353, 355, 357
-key265, 320
- for arrest 273
reasonableness 48, 248, 262, 271, 272, 312
reasonable time 239, 268, 277, 300-302
reasoning 26, 74, 104, 216, 217, 225, 232, 238,
393
THEORY OF RIGHTS
253, 258, 262, 263, 271-274, 280, 281, 283,
284, 286, 290, 301, 304, 309, 311, 312, 315,
334, 339-341, 352, 353
- deductive 26
reciprocity 20, 190
recommendation 58, 72, 108, 143, 144, 148,
149, 158, 165-182, 185-187, 191, 373, 374
reconnaissance 245, 249
- mission 245, 249
redistribution 20-22, 66
- involuntary 20
redress 28,49,51,216,219
- international 49, 51
reflection 13, 180, 195, 221
relationship 17, 18, 20-22, 24, 25, 27, 29, 33,
37, 40-42, 44, 46, 59, 62, 69, 89, 105, 115,
119, 123, 126, 134, 142, 146, 162, 163, 178,
185, 190, 209, 210, 212, 234, 257, 272-274,
276, 336, 343, 354
- social 17, 62
- conflictual 20-22, 29
- anomic 20
- normatively prescribed 20
reliability 26, 43
remedy 41, 50, 126, 212, 213, 274, 286-289,
291,298, 306, 326, 356
- effective 50, 212, 213, 286-288
- exhaustion of 217, 294, 315, 344, 348
-judicial 41, 213
- domestic 274
report 14, 35, 81, 83, 84, 89, 122-124, 128,
129, 132, 144, 150-152, 154, 170, 176,
178, 179, 185, 189, 190, 191, 195, 207,
216, 241, 242, 245, 247, 251-254, 256,
258, 264, 265, 267, 274-276, 278, 282-
285, 289, 290, 292, 302, 313, 322, 325,
327, 328, 330, 332, 345, 346, 349, 354,
363-365,367, 370, 371
- forensic 265, 267
representation 30, 125, 132, 146, 148, 151,
152, 160, 260, 275, 292-294, 309, 321, 322,
324, 325, 359
reprisal 265
reputation 102, 105, 177, 181, 198, 236, 239,
308-310, 328, 330, 333
research 5, 13, 14, 17, 19, 24, 27, 36, 37, 43,
53-55, 57, 64, 68, 69, 74-77, 81, 86, 89,
91, 96, 115, 196, 120, 122, 132, 136, 141,
151, 154, 157, 161, 168, 169, 172, 173,
180-185, 187, 208, 210, 290, 359, 361-
365, 368, 374
- empirical 17, 27
- empirical behavioral research 36
- social scientific 54, 55, 64, 141
- socio-legal 75
Resource 18, 22, 37, 44, 46, 48, 49, 58, 60, 62,
63, 66, 67, 69, 70, 75, 87, 91, 95, 97, 101,
114-117, 122, 123, 125, 126, 131, 133-142,
159, 161, 166, 167, 171, 175, 203, 239, 248,
256, 363
- socioeconomic 75, 87, 115, 126
responsibility 36, 49, 50, 83-85, 107, 120,
127, 128, 170, 176, 178, 181, 182, 185,
187, 206-208, 213, 217, 226, 260, 262, 266,
284, 285, 309, 329, 342, 348, 350, 359, 361,
364-366
- collective 207, 208
respect 13, 18, 35-42, 45, 47-49, 66, 70, 73-77,
82, 86, 98, 107, 108, 111, 116, 118, 119,
123, 124, 128, 147, 161, 168, 170, 175,
176, 180-182, 184, 186, 189, 191, 195-197,
199-202, 209, 218, 237, 243, 245-247, 251,
252, 254, 255, 259, 261-263, 266, 269, 272,
273, 277, 279-282, 284, 287, 290, 295, 298,
299, 301-304, 306, 313-315, 320, 321, 330,
331, 334, 336, 340-342, 344-348, 352, 353,
355, 356, 362, 363, 370, 371
- for human dignity 13, 195-197, 200-202,
362, 363, 370
restitutio in integrum 216, 347
restraint 217, 228, 337, 352, 365
- judicial 217, 228, 352
restriction 57, 58, 71, 73, 102, 105, 106, 109,
110, 111, 113, 118, 124, 137, 182, 201,
394
INDEX
255-257, 270, 280, 281, 298, 308, 311, 312,
319, 337, 338, 342, 343, 350
retrial 292, 294, 295
retrospect 247, 351
- in retrospect 247, 351
review 17, 18, 26, 30, 34, 52, 61, 62, 64, 103,
118, 120, 128, 129, 157, 173, 185, 212, 215,
217, 226, 229, 238, 242, 261, 262, 267, 274,
275, 278, 279, 286-288, 290, 295, 302, 305,
309, 319, 338, 339, 348, 359-363, 365-368,
370
- power of review 290
- full 295
- on appeal 295
right 5, 13, 14, 17-357, 359-374
- absolute 107, 212
- basic rights 13, 39, 85, 113, 160, 368
- collective 149
- consumer rights 64
- cultural 40, 41, 54, 59, 60, 68, 69, 74, 77,
81, 98, 117, 118, 126, 147, 150, 157, 163-
165, 168-172, 175, 180, 183, 188, 361,
362, 368, 372, 373
- degree of human rights achievement 70
- economic 62, 150
- human 5, 13, 14, 19, 33-56, 58-77, 81-87,
89, 91-95, 96, 98, 99, 101-110, 112, 113,
116-129, 132, 135, 138, 142, 145, 146,
150, 157, 158, 160, 163-166, 168-170,
172, 174, 176, 177, 179, 180, 182-185,
188-191, 193, 195, 196, 198, 201-357,
359-370, 372-374
- human rights documents 53, 54, 56, 58,
70, 74, 76, 92, 94, 112, 116, 122, 161, 168,
177
-human rights instruments 74-77, 146,
182
- human rights system 43
- human right violations 13, 34, 41, 47, 50,
52, 83, 145, 146, 169, 207, 208, 238, 239,
359, 362
-individual 105, 113, 164, 235, 258, 259,
272, 331
- dignitarian foundations of human rights
47
- fundamental 5, 50,82,122,145, 182, 189,
195, 196, 200, 209, 212, 218, 238, 273,
302,312, 333,355, 369
- implied 255
-labor 83, 145, 146, 166
-legal 18, 38, 83, 117, 134, 152, 368, 371
- of scientist 180
- of educator 185
-education 36, 61, 69, 72, 165, 179, 184,
185, 188, 306,355
- legitimate 13
- natural 34, 47, 48, 50, 367
- negative rights 38
- to academic freedom 179
- to be active 68
- to enjoy respect 74
-to participate 42, 53, 57, 60, 65, 71, 75-
77, 87, 93, 94, 107, 111, 114, 125, 140-
142, 153, 160, 161
- to personal identity 199
- to strike 59, 98, 147, 160
-to take part 71, 76, 77, 89, 92, 111, 160,
181
- to organize 59, 143, 147, 148, 371
- to share 131, 165, 169, 179
- objective 33
- owners 157
- ownership rights 63, 139
- participation as a human right 13, 56, 61,
77,191,364
- participative 76, 157, 160, 182
- participatory rights 13, 63, 65, 69, 71, 74,
76-78, 93, 112, 141-143, 152, 154, 161,
185, 187
- political rights 37, 40, 41, 49, 51, 56, 58-
60, 68, 75, 92, 93, 99, 108, 112, 113, 116-
120, 122, 124-126, 164, 169, 175, 187,
189, 195, 215, 223, 361, 363, 368, 369,
373, 374
- positive 38, 125, 131
- property rights 37, 62-64, 135, 142, 350,
351
395
THEORY OF RIGHTS
- protection of human rights 19, 39,45,48,
49, 84, 103, 201, 210, 211, 215, 217, 223,
238, 360, 366, 372
- social 62, 117, 118, 176, 368
- universal human 36, 163
Rivière, Florence 226, 367
Rose, Arnold M. 73
rule 20-23, 25-28, 33, 34, 38,41,44,45, 49-51,
61, 66, 83-85, 92, 101, 102, 109, 110-112,
114, 118, 119, 123, 125, 127, 128, 133,
140, 148, 149, 152, 153, 155-157, 159, 160,
162, 181, 206, 209, 215-217, 225, 226, 228,
230, 232, 233, 235, 237, 253, 257-259, 264,
274, 275, 280, 282, 284, 291, 297-299, 301,
302-304, 306, 309, 313, 319, 327-329, 331,
332, 334, 341, 348, 352, 354, 355, 360
- exclusionary 257, 258
- fundamental 34
-of law 84, 102, 110, 119, 159, 253, 259,
284, 297, 298, 302,331,334
- procedural 22, 23
- substantive 22, 23
- international 23
- legal 23, 26, 28, 38, 228, 232, 237, 309,
319
- valid 38
safety 35, 83, 102, 109,144,147, 210,234,248,
249, 254, 260, 285, 287-290, 299, 306, 308,
314, 315, 318, 331, 334, 339, 345
-public 102, 109, 234, 249, 299, 306, 308,
314,315,318, 331,334, 339
safeguard 23, 85, 90, 113, 172, 186, 209, 244,
246, 269, 281, 282, 285, 304, 309, 310, 312,
324, 326, 348
sanction 20, 24, 36, 40, 41, 51, 62, 98, 104,
105, 120, 122, 134, 219, 297, 298, 318, 326,
333, 335-337
- negative 20, 40
SAS 241, 242, 248, 252, 253
satisfaction 216, 238, 246, 271, 283, 323, 344,
347
- just 216, 238, 246, 271, 323, 344, 347
Scandinavian doctrine 352
science 13, 29, 35, 36, 51, 53-57, 61, 65, 67,
72-75, 77, 92, 94, 115, 120, 157, 163, 164-
166, 169, 170, 172, 176, 177, 179-184, 189,
360, 363, 365-368
- social 13,29, 35, 36, 51, 53, 54, 56, 57,65,
72, 73, 75, 94, 115, 120, 157, 360, 363
- forensic scientist 242, 247
Schafer, D. Paul 165
Scheinin, Martin 117,118, 368
Schmidt, Peter 93
scrutiny 48, 105, 200, 242, 267, 288, 331
- close 267
- strict 331
security 26, 35, 37, 43, 58, 61, 66, 72, 90, 102,
107-109, 125, 127-129, 131, 136, 144, 160,
181, 184, 205, 206, 208, 210, 215, 234, 236,
242, 244, 247, 260-263, 266, 268, 277, 299,
308-315, 318, 331, 334, 336, 339, 344-346,
361, 365
- legal 26, 43
- national 102, 108, 109, 234, 260-263, 277,
299, 308, 313-315, 318, 331,334, 336,339,
365
- for costs 310, 311
Seldon, Arthur 134
self-determination 75, 76, 86, 175, 197
self-fulfillment 19, 20, 200
sentence 105, 203, 241, 260, 264, 267, 269,
292, 293, 295-297, 299, 300, 306, 313-318,
320, 334, 355
Separate opinion 13, 14, 129, 201, 223-227,
229-235, 237-239, 241, 253, 256, 259, 263,
269, 274, 278, 280, 282, 292, 296, 299, 303,
306, 308, 313, 317, 326, 328, 332, 339, 344,
350, 355, 360, 370
services 19, 20, 30, 35, 38, 39, 44, 54, 58, 59,
61, 64, 66, 72, 74, 75, 86, 87, 89, 91, 137,
139, 144, 145, 150, 168, 171, 181, 184, 187,
198, 244, 272
- public 54, 75, 86, 89, 168,184
396
INDEX
- social 61, 72, 74, 198
settlement 13, 17, 19, 22, 27-29, 44, 45, 146,
345, 347, 348, 353, 354, 363, 364, 366, 369
- international 354
- bilateral 354
Shue, Henry 85, 368
Simmel, Georg 18, 56, 368
Smith, Adam 40, 133, 134, 367, 368
social progress 56, 59, 60, 63, 65-69, 72, 73,
126, 167, 169, 175, 372
society 18, 22, 26-29, 33, 35, 47, 50, 51, 59,
61, 63-69, 72-74, 81, 82, 85, 90-93, 96, 98,
99, 102-111, 116, 117, 119, 122, 125, 126,
131, 135, 137, 138, 150, 163, 167, 169,
172, 175, 177-180, 184, 191, 227, 234,
237, 245, 252, 273, 277, 297-300, 305,
308, 309, 312, 314-316, 318, 319, 321,
322, 326-332, 334, 339, 343, 344, 357,
359, 364, 365, 367, 369
- transitional 105
- democratic 90, 98, 99, 102, 103,105, 106,
109-111, 227, 234, 237, 245, 252, 273,
277, 297-300, 305, 308, 312, 314-316,
318, 319, 321, 322, 326, 327-334, 339,
343, 344, 357
solicitor 260, 269, 271, 312
South African Constitution 62, 210, 211, 361
south east Turkey 314-317, 348
sovereignity 40, 45, 48, 82, 134, 137, 142, 149,
158, 161, 207, 363
- of man 40
- of the state 40
- consumer 137, 142, 158, 161
speech 90, 102, 103, 106-108, 111, 113, 198,
237, 309, 321,365
- symbolic 237, 321
Stamatopoulou, Elsa 164, 165
standard 21, 22, 25, 33, 40, 43, 52, 54, 61, 63,
66,69, 70, 72-74, 78, 82, 84, 85, 96, 99, 105,
111, 112, 115, 125, 145, 146, 164, 168, 184,
185, 187, 209, 212, 217-219, 242, 243, 246,
252, 253, 257, 262, 263, 269, 272, 273, 275,
277, 285, 286, 288-290, 295, 300, 303, 318,
319, 354
- of care 252, 253, 275, 277
State 20, 22-31, 34, 38-54, 57-59, 61-63, 68-
75, 81-86, 89, 93, 94, 98, 99, 101-103, 105-
107, 109-116, 118-120, 123, 125-129, 132,
133, 135-138, 140-142, 145, 146, 153, 158,
163, 164, 166, 169, 170, 174-176, 178, 179,
181, 182, 186, 187, 188, 191, 196-200, 202,
206-213, 215, 217, 218, 223, 225, 227, 231,
235-237, 239, 242-244, 247, 249, 250, 253-
255, 258, 260, 262, 264-266, 272, 273, 275-
281, 283-285, 287-290, 293, 297, 300-302,
304, 306-310, 312, 313, 318-321, 323-325,
328, 331-336, 338, 340-345, 347-350, 352-
355, 357, 360, 361, 363, 369
- amputated 334
- nation state 20, 30, 142
- totalitarian 113
- one-party 75, 89, 113, 114, 363
- interventionist 198
statement 22, 26, 33, 45, 49, 56, 65, 72, 84, 92,
107, 146, 163, 165, 166, 177, 178, 208, 225,
265, 267, 269, 289, 293, 308, 313-316, 327,
331-333, 347, 369
- formal 33, 49
status 18, 20, 22, 23, 30, 33, 40, 42, 44, 48,
50, 53, 56, 59, 65, 66, 70, 72, 74, 84, 86,
89, 95, 103, 116, 117, 121, 123, 124, 129,
142, 150, 152, 161, 163, 167, 168, 170-
172, 176-182, 185, 186, 198, 199, 260,
272, 292, 302, 303, 326, 327, 332, 337,
353, 354, 373, 374
- scarce 18
- socioeconomic 89, 116, 123, 124
- inferior 123
Strasbourg Court 5, 209, 215, 238, 273
strike 59, 98, 107, 147,160,203, 313, 326, 334,
342
structure 18, 26, 37, 56, 58, 61, 65, 73, 75, 76,
87, 114, 121, 125, 131, 133, 141, 144, ISO-
152, 154, 156, 158-161, 165, 171, 173- 175,
184, 185, 190, 191, 195, 200, 354, 361
- formal 158
397
THEORY OF RIGHTS
study 20, 24, 27, 30, 35, 37, 45, 51, 52, 55, 56,
58, 61, 65, 66, 69, 71, 73, 77, 82, 84, 85, 87,
92-94, 96, 98, 99, 112, 114-116, 119, 120,
123-127, 136, 150, 151, 153-158, 161, 164,
165, 172, 173, 180, 183, 188, 189, 191, 224,
226, 227, 254, 289, 359-361, 365, 371
- empirical 123
- behavioral 151
- cross-national 151
submission 21, 236, 243, 278, 279, 294, 300,
323, 340, 341
- on the merits 300
support 13, 14, 21-23, 28, 33, 44-49, 57, 62,
68, 90, 92, 95, 97, 103, 106, 107, 113-115,
- 123, 147, 149, 157, 161, 163, 175, 177, 181,
215, 236, 251, 253, 258, 259, 263, 264, 272,
273, 284, 312-314, 316, 323-325, 328, 341,
343, 346, 361,363
- external 46, 48
- for human rights 46, 48
- social 22, 23, 33, 44, 45
survey 35-37, 45, 49, 55, 72, 77, 99, 113, 132,
154, 195,215, 370
surveillance 212, 242, 247
suspect 242-253, 260, 262, 263, 266, 272-274,
304
suspicion 257, 262, 268, 271-273
- reasonable 262, 268, 271-273
- honest 272
- genuine 272
system 17-78, 82, 85, 87, 89, 99, 114, 118,
123, 124, 133-142, 149, 151, 152, 156, 159,
160, 162, 164, 165, 178, 180, 187, 198,
205, 211-213, 215, 216, 218, 223, 227, 228,
231-235, 237, 239, 248, 258, 259, 280, 281,
285, 288, 290, 293, 298, 302, 303, 322-327,
330, 331, 335-338, 340, 341, 343, 344, 348,
349,359,363-366,370
- court 17, 29, 30, 51
- human rights 43
- normative 25, 26, 42, 43, 156
- national legal 40, 99, 235, 258, 259, 285,
290
-legal 17, 25-27, 40, 51, 99, 198, 201, 213,
218, 231, 235, 239, 258, 259, 285, 290,
293
- of norm 25, 42
-political 46, 89, 114, 124, 137, 141, 142,
330
- social 18, 19, 25, 26, 366
- socialist 37
subject 17, 20, 25, 26, 43, 50, 52, 73, 74, 83,
97, 102, 106, 108, 121, 122, 132, 137, 139,
142, 145, 146, 150, 159, 197, 199, 202, 206,
207, 211, 212, 226-229, 242, 255, 259, 260,
264-266, 269, 270, 277, 279, 285, 291, 296,
297, 299, 300, 304, 305, 308, 309, 312, 318,
327, 336, 338, 342, 344, 347, 349
-legal 43, 121, 145
T
Technology 23, 87, 169, 176, 180, 182, 189,
285
Tentori, Tullio 72, 369
Term 5, 17-19, 24, 25, 28, 30, 31, 40-43, 46,
48, 49, 53-55, 58-60, 65, 66, 68, 69, 71-75,
77, 86, 91, 95, 97-99, 107, 113, 121, 123,
132, 133, 136, 138, 139, 141, 142, 144,
147, 149, 151, 152, 154, 156, 160, 163,
164, 168, 171, 177, 178, 183-186, 196,
197, 201, 202, 203, 205, 210, 216-218,
229, 231, 234, 235, 237, 241, 256, 258-
260, 263, 273, 279, 288, 289, 297, 299,
301, 302, 307, 314, 315, 318, 321, 326,
334, 339-341, 352, 357, 374
Territory 20, 22, 26, 30, 33, 141, 249, 264, 265,
279, 297,313
terrorist 241-249, 252, 262, 272, 274
test 37, 106, 109, 115, 200, 234, 235, 255, 295,
301,321,339, 342
- proportionality 339, 342
testimony 167, 218
Theory 13,14,17, 18,22, 23, 25, 26, 28, 34, 39,
47, 52, 55, 57, 62, 68, 76, 83, 135, 137-142,
154, 157-159, 161, 162, 180, 195, 197, 201,
210, 359, 360, 362, 364, 366, 367, 370
- conflict 13
398
INDEX
- of human rights 13, 14
- systems 13
threat 20, 21, 48, 99, 107, 164, 207, 248, 252,
256, 261, 265, 289, 315, 319, 374
third-party 28, 29
- intervention 28, 29
threat 20, 21, 48, 99, 107, 164, 207, 248, 252,
256, 261, 265, 289, 315, 319, 374
time-limit 236, 296, 297, 301, 312, 322
title 163, 176, 206, 345, 350-352
- to property 350
tolerance 69, 72, 90, 103, 105, 113, 216, 219,
227, 318
Tomasevski, Katarina 185, 188
tort 127, 146, 211, 235, 258, 366, 368
- of negligence 235, 258
totalitarian regime 105, 234, 330
- national socialist 330
- communist 105
trade union 58, 59, 68, 72, 76, 108, 113, 131,
132, 134, 138, 139, 141, 143, 144, 147-149,
157, 161, 175, 233, 331, 339, 341-343
tradition 23, 29, 50, 51, 53, 73, 105, 110, 126,
172, 174, 200, 201, 215, 226, 227, 231, 239
transaction 20, 128, 135, 145, 178, 353, 363
transsexual 199
treatment 23, 26, 47, 51, 73, 74, 120-123,
127, 128, 181, 184, 186, 196, 198, 201-203,
207, 210, 217, 254, 259, 260, 264-267, 273,
275-277, 285, 291, 299, 301, 306, 340, 356,
371,372
- fair 47
- ill-treatment 201, 265-267, 276, 306, 356
- inhuman 198, 276, 277
-degrading 127, 196, 201-203, 207, 259,
260, 266, 276,371
- discriminatory treatments 74
- psychiatric 276, 277, 299
trial 19, 113, 128, 129, 225, 230, 235, 236, 241,
248, 257, 258, 268-270, 274, 277, 283, 284,
292, 293, 296, 298, 299, 302, 308-310, 314,
315,317, 322, 328, 342, 360
- fair 19, 113, 235, 236, 258, 283, 284, 293,
298,314, 360
tribunal 30, 50, 52, 82, 128,129, 205, 212, 236,
247, 258, 275, 277, 280-282, 286-289, 295,
317, 348, 349, 354
- international 50, 52, 348, 354
- independent 236
TRNC Government 350, 351, 353, 354
U
UNESCO 14,52,58,71,81,164,165,166-172,
174, 175, 177, 178, 181, 182, 184-186, 188,
189, 191, 289, 359, 361, 362, 364-366, 368,
369,371-374
Ungaretti, Giuseppe 177
United Nations 34, 40-43, 45, 48-52, 54, 56,
60, 61, 63, 66, 68-70, 73, 77, 84, 92, 94, 99,
101, 105, 108, 116, 126, 128, 129, 150, 153,
161, 164, 167-171, 175-177, 184-186, 188,
189, 207, 208, 260, 289, 353, 359-364, 369,
371,372, 374
- documents 40
- law of the 40, 41, 50, 153
- Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Orga-
nization 77, 164, 371, 372
Universal Declaration of Human Rights 34,
35, 40, 42, 47, 59, 60-62, 64, 70, 73, 82, 92,
93, 98, 112, 116, 117, 119, 122, 150, 163,
164, 168, 169, 180, 189, 195, 374
University of Virginia 5, 13
US Supreme Court 196, 198
V
Validity 23-25, 38, 39, 41-43, 56, 63, 118, 350,
351,354,355
- general 25, 42, 63
- legal 39, 43, 350
Values 13, 18, 19, 22, 26, 34-36, 38, 39, 47-
49, 53, 58, 61, 65, 77, 82, 83, 85, 91, 105,
145, 165-167, 171-174, 176, 179, 195, 196,
399
THEORY OF RIGHTS
201,206,212,225,228,231, 234,237,308,
321, 328, 334, 336, 339, 357, 365, 368
- basic fundamental human 48
- basic human 39
- cultural 77, 166, 172-174, 176, 179
- ethical value 38
- value needed 22, 33, 36, 38
- value systems 38, 44, 47, 49, 82, 228, 232,
365
- scarce 18, 60
- universal 38, 61
van der Walt, Johan 209, 369
Vanek, Jaroslav 140, 159, 161, 370
variable 18, 24, 25, 27, 29, 42, 43, 68, 69, 118,
119, 136, 156, 157
Verba, Sidney 35, 92, 96-98, 115, 122-124,
151, 159,370
victim 41, 47, 49, 51, 52, 116, 124, 128, 202,
203, 212, 216, 235, 238, 239, 254, 255, 268,
280, 282, 286, 288, 291, 295, 299, 300, 323,
337, 347, 373
violation 13, 34, 41, 47, 49, 50-52, 70, 73, 83,
84, 99, 104, 106, 127, 145, 146, 169, 192,
200-203, 205-209, 212, 213, 215-219,
225, 233, 236, 238, 239, 243, 244, 246,
247, 254, 255, 257, 258, 261-266, 270-
274, 276, 278, 279, 281, 282, 286, 288,
290, 293-295, 298, 303-308, 310-316,
319, 320, 323, 325, 326, 333, 334, 344-
354, 356, 357, 359, 362, 364
- continuing 351, 353
- of human rights 72
- gross 13, 41, 99, 192, 205, 212
- structural 205, 216, 217, 219
- large-scale 216, 218
- individual 205, 216, 219
- persistence of 205, 209, 212
-scale of 70, 209,216,218
- seriousness of 205, 209, 347
violence 20, 28, 40, 90, 98, 102, 107, 108, 110,
111,113, 201, 205, 237, 241, 245, 253, 256,
264, 316, 330
W
War 21, 23, 47, 113, 120, 127-129, 138, 189,
205, 206, 208, 215, 237, 308, 328, 330, 331,
353, 360, 363, 365, 372
Weber, Max 17, 18, 22-25, 27, 29, 30, 33, 41,
42, 62, 68, 184, 367,370
Weimar Republic 331, 333, 334
White, R. C. A. 216, 217, 226, 227
warrant 248, 252, 296, 297, 298, 370
witness 49, 242, 243, 246-248, 250, 251, 265,
267, 269, 278, 306, 314, 316, 351, 355
Y
Yinger, Milton J. 73
Yugoslavia 23, 24, 28, 37, 41, 82, 98, 115, 126,
138, 139, 140, 154, 155, 156, 205, 364, 367,
369, 371
Z
Ziemilski, Andrej 189
Z
Zupanov, Josip 139, 140, 155, 159
Bayerische
Staatsbibliothek
München
400
|
any_adam_object | 1 |
author | Letnar Černič, Jernej ca. 20./21. Jh |
author_GND | (DE-588)1019669640 (DE-588)1048255832 |
author_facet | Letnar Černič, Jernej ca. 20./21. Jh |
author_role | aut |
author_sort | Letnar Černič, Jernej ca. 20./21. Jh |
author_variant | č j l čj čjl |
building | Verbundindex |
bvnumber | BV043632869 |
contents | Bibliografija: str. 359-374 Kazalo |
ctrlnum | (OCoLC)952045910 (DE-599)BVBBV043632869 |
edition | 1st ed. |
format | Book |
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id | DE-604.BV043632869 |
illustrated | Not Illustrated |
indexdate | 2024-12-20T17:41:08Z |
institution | BVB |
isbn | 9789616731102 9616731106 |
language | English |
oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-029046854 |
oclc_num | 952045910 |
open_access_boolean | |
owner | DE-12 |
owner_facet | DE-12 |
physical | 400 Seiten 25 cm |
publishDate | 2014 |
publishDateSearch | 2014 |
publishDateSort | 2014 |
publisher | European Faculty of Law |
record_format | marc |
series2 | Slovenia 1945-2015: sovereignity, constitutionality and the future of Slovenia's national system |
spellingShingle | Letnar Černič, Jernej ca. 20./21. Jh Theory of rights theory of human rights and fundamental freedoms - behavioral, social and normative approaches Bibliografija: str. 359-374 Kazalo zakonodaja / svoboščine / pravna ureditev Človeko pravice / Teorija ssg Menschenwürde (DE-588)4038654-5 gnd Freiheitsrecht (DE-588)4124924-0 gnd Grundrecht (DE-588)4022344-9 gnd Rechtstheorie (DE-588)4126505-1 gnd Menschenrecht (DE-588)4074725-6 gnd |
subject_GND | (DE-588)4038654-5 (DE-588)4124924-0 (DE-588)4022344-9 (DE-588)4126505-1 (DE-588)4074725-6 |
title | Theory of rights theory of human rights and fundamental freedoms - behavioral, social and normative approaches |
title_auth | Theory of rights theory of human rights and fundamental freedoms - behavioral, social and normative approaches |
title_exact_search | Theory of rights theory of human rights and fundamental freedoms - behavioral, social and normative approaches |
title_full | Theory of rights theory of human rights and fundamental freedoms - behavioral, social and normative approaches Peter Jambrek in collaboration and with a chapter by Jernej Letnar Černič |
title_fullStr | Theory of rights theory of human rights and fundamental freedoms - behavioral, social and normative approaches Peter Jambrek in collaboration and with a chapter by Jernej Letnar Černič |
title_full_unstemmed | Theory of rights theory of human rights and fundamental freedoms - behavioral, social and normative approaches Peter Jambrek in collaboration and with a chapter by Jernej Letnar Černič |
title_short | Theory of rights |
title_sort | theory of rights theory of human rights and fundamental freedoms behavioral social and normative approaches |
title_sub | theory of human rights and fundamental freedoms - behavioral, social and normative approaches |
topic | zakonodaja / svoboščine / pravna ureditev Človeko pravice / Teorija ssg Menschenwürde (DE-588)4038654-5 gnd Freiheitsrecht (DE-588)4124924-0 gnd Grundrecht (DE-588)4022344-9 gnd Rechtstheorie (DE-588)4126505-1 gnd Menschenrecht (DE-588)4074725-6 gnd |
topic_facet | zakonodaja / svoboščine / pravna ureditev Človeko pravice / Teorija Menschenwürde Freiheitsrecht Grundrecht Rechtstheorie Menschenrecht |
url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029046854&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=029046854&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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