Sustainable management of Pinus radiata plantations:
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Elektronisch E-Book |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Rome
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
2013
|
| Schriftenreihe: | FAO forestry paper
170 |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=682083 http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=682083 http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=682083 http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028455779&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Beschreibung: | Description based on print version record |
| Umfang: | 1 online resource (xv, 246 pages) illustrations (chiefly color) |
| ISBN: | 9251076340 9251076359 9789251076347 9789251076354 |
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| 505 | 8 | |a 1. Overview -- 2. Site requirements -- 3. Social, economic and environmental considerations -- 4. Pests and diseases -- 5. Growth characteristics, wood properties and end-use -- 6. Radiata pine tree-breeding -- 7. Producing planting stock -- 8. Establishment and early tending -- 9. Tending established radiata pine stands -- 10. Productivity changes and sustainability of radiata pine plantation forests -- 11. Radiata pine on farms -- 12. Conclusions | |
| 505 | 8 | |a "Pinus radiata (radiata pine) is a versatile, fast-growing, medium-density softwood, suitable for a wide range of end-uses. Its silviculture is highly developed, and is built on a rm foundation of over a century of research, observation and practice. Radiata pine is often considered a model for growers of other plantation species. This book explores current knowledge of, and experience with radiata pine forest plantation management and examines its long-term sustainability. Radiata pine management needs to integrate the biological aspects of tree-growing, with socio-economics, management objectives, practical considerations and other constraints and opportunities. Although stands of radiata pine may appear to be simple, they are actually quite complex ecosystems because they contain large, long-lived trees that change dramatically over time and interact in changing ways with the environment and with other organisms. The focus of this book is on the principles and practices of growing radiata pine sustainably. It also looks ahead to emerging challenges facing radiata pine plantation management, such as the effects of climate change, new diseases and other threats, and meeting changing product needs and societal demands."--Page 4 of cover | |
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| 650 | 7 | |a TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Agriculture / General |2 bisacsh | |
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| 650 | 7 | |a Pinus radiata |2 fast | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Landwirtschaft | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Pinus radiata | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Pine |x Growth | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819262898374967296 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Sustainable management of Pinus radiata plantations
Autor: Mead, Donald J
Jahr: 2013
íii
Contents
Sustainable management of Pinus radiata plantations i
Foreword xii
Acknowledgements xni
Dedication xiv
Acronyms and abbreviations xv
1 Overview 1
GENERAL APPROACH 1
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 3
The four phases of radiata pine plantation development 6
DISTRIBUTION OF RADIATA PINE PLANTATIONS 10
New Zealand 10
Chile 11
Australia 12
Spain 12
RADIATA PINE IN THE GLOBAL CONTEXT 12
2 Site requirements 15
MATCHING SPECIES TO SITE 15
CLIMATIC LIMITATIONS 16
Natural habitat 16
Exotic plantation experience 16
Other abiotic factors 19
Fire 22
Latitude and altitude 23
Aspect 23
Potential impacts of climate change 24
EDAPHIC LIMITATIONS 24
Physical properties of soil 25
Nutrient stresses 25
Diagnosing nutrient deficiencies 27
Soil microbiological factors 29
OTHER SITE CONSIDERATIONS 29
Catchment hydrology 30
RADIATA PINE S ECOLOGICAL NICHE 32
3 Social, economic and environmental considerations 35
SOCIO-ECONOMIC SETTING 35
Australia 35
Chile 36
New Zealand 37
South Africa 38
Spain 39
Synthesis 39
ECONOMICS OF RADIATA PINE PLANTATIONS 40
Typical discount rates and plantation forest profitability 41
iv
SOCIAL AND ECOSYTEM SERVICES 43
Employment 44
Biodiversity 45
Landscape 48
Recreation in radiata pine plantations 48
Carbon storage 49
Wilding spread 49
Working with communities 50
ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS 50
TRENDS 51
4 Pests and diseases 53
MAJOR INSECT PESTS 53
Si rex wood wasp 53
Bark beetles 55
Pine shoot moth 56
Aphids and adelgids 56
Other localized insect problems 58
MAJOR DISEASES 58
Dothistroma needle blight 58
Sphaeropsis sapinea 60
Pine pitch canker 61
Other localized diseases 62
ANIMAL AND OTHER PESTS 63
PROSPECTS 63
5 Growth characteristics, wood properties and end-use 67
RADIATA PINE GROWTH 67
Growth habit 67
Shoot development 68
Growth stages 70
Growth patterns 71
Seasonal growth 72
Longer-term patterns 72
Productivity rating systems 74
Stocking and stand density 74
Crown growth 76
Branch development 77
Inter-tree competition and mortality 77
WOOD PROPERTIES AND END-USE 78
Cambial activity and differentiation 78
Corewood properties 79
Heartwood compared with sapwood 80
Basic density 80
Tracheids 81
Grain orientation and spiral grain 82
Compression wood 83
Knots and their link to grading systems 83
Clearwood 85
Log size and sweep 85
Other defects 85
Pulpwood and reconstituted products 86
V
OVERVIEW OF RADIATA PINE END USE 87
6 Radiata pine tree-breeding 91
IMPROVEMENT OBJECTIVES 91
BIOLOGICAL BACKGROUND 93
THE QUANTITATIVE GENETIC APPROACH 94
IMPROVEMENT OPTIONS 97
Provenance selection 97
Mass selection 98
Advanced breeding strategies 99
Incorporation of desired traits 102
Other recent developments 102
DOMESTICATION PROGRESS 103
7 Producing planting stock 105
THE SYSTEMS APPROACH AND SETTING OBJECTIVES 105
Optimum planting stock 106
SEED HANDLING 107
BARE-ROOTED PLANTING STOCK PRODUCTION 108
Seedbed preparation 109
Seed-sowing 109
Conditioning 110
Soil and nutrient management 112
Mycorrhizae 114
Irrigation 115
Control of nursery weeds, diseases and pests 115
VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION TECHNIQUES 116
CONTAINER PLANTS 119
PACKAGING AND TRANSPORT OF PLANTING STOCK 121
SYNTHESIS AND TRENDS 122
8 Establishment and early tending 125
ESTABLISHMENT PLANNING 125
THE BIOLOGICAL LIMITS TO EARLY GROWTH 127
SITE PREPARATION PRINCIPLES 130
RADIATA PINE SITE PREPARATION METHODS 131
Hand tool methods 131
Mechanical techniques 131
Fire 136
Chemicals 138
Other weed-control methods 139
PLANTING 140
Survival and replacements 141
DIRECT SEEDING AND NATURAL REGENERATION 142
FERTILIZER AT ESTABLISHMENT 143
FIRST ROTATION FEATURES 144
LATER ROTATION FEATURES 145
SYNTHESIS AND TRENDS 146
vi
9 Tending established radiata pine stands 147
CHOICE OF TENDING SCHEDULES 147
Schedule evaluation 148
PRINCIPLES OF STAND DENSITY CONTROL 150
Initial stocking 151
Thinning objectives 152
Effect of stand density on stand characteristics 155
Other biotic and abotic factors 156
Final crop stocking 157
Rotation length 158
NON-PRUNING TENDING SCHEDULES 159
Thinning techniques 161
PRINCIPLES OF PRUNING 162
Pruning objectives 163
PRUNING SCHEDULES 167
Pruning techniques 169
INTERRELATIONSHIPS AND FLEXIBILITY 169
Modelling systems 169
Schedule flexibility 170
USING RADIATA PINE IN MIXED SPECIES STANDS 170
FERTILIZERS 171
SYNTHESIS AND TRENDS 174
10 Productivity changes and sustainability of radiata pine plantation
forests 177
CONCEPTS 177
PRODUCTIVITY INCREASES 179
PRODUCTIVITY DECREASES 182
Invasive species 182
Soil fertility changes 182
MANAGING INVASIVE SPECIES 185
MANAGING NUTRIENT SUSTAINABILITY 186
SYNTHESIS AND TRENDS 189
11 Radiata pine on farms 191
ECOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN RADIATA PINE SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEMS 191
Light competition 191
Moisture competition 193
Nutrient competition 193
Soil-plant interactions 194
Animal-plant interactions 194
Tree age effects 195
WINDBREAKS 196
WIDELY SPACED TREES OVER PASTURE 199
WOODLOTS 201
FARM PLANNING 202
TRENDS 202
Vil
12 Conclusions 205
LESSONS FROM THE RADIATA PINE EXPERIENCE 205
Growth characteristics 205
Species niche 205
Radiata pine forests and societal values and needs 206
Radiata pine s wood uses 206
Tree-breeding and silviculture 207
Sustainability 208
Uncertainties 209
THE FUTURE OF RADIATA PINE FORESTS 209
Glossary 211
References 215
List of Boxes
I.1 Early recognition of radiata pine s commercial potential 8
2.1 Radiata pine plantations reduce landslides 30
2.2 Longer-term effects of radiata pine plantations on stream flow 32
3.1 The new concept of using declining discount rates in forestry
evaluations 41
4.1 The impact of parasites and hyperparasites on the control of the
pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliana 57
4.2 Pine pitch canker: a growing threat? 61
5.1 The effects of radiata pine wood density and stiffness on structural
timber grades 82
6.1 The changing breeding goals for radiata pine: an example
from Australasia 93
6.2 Structure of the joint New Zealand plus New South Wales radiata
pine breeding programme 100
8.1 Managing available moisture for optimum growth of radiata pine
in South Australia 134
9.1 Effect of silviculture on a fertile farm site in New Zealand 150
10.1 Second rotation radiata pine decline in South Australia reversed 185
II.1 Catchment diagnosis and design planning in New Zealand
hill country 203
|
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| author | Mead, Donald J. |
| author_facet | Mead, Donald J. |
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| contents | 1. Overview -- 2. Site requirements -- 3. Social, economic and environmental considerations -- 4. Pests and diseases -- 5. Growth characteristics, wood properties and end-use -- 6. Radiata pine tree-breeding -- 7. Producing planting stock -- 8. Establishment and early tending -- 9. Tending established radiata pine stands -- 10. Productivity changes and sustainability of radiata pine plantation forests -- 11. Radiata pine on farms -- 12. Conclusions "Pinus radiata (radiata pine) is a versatile, fast-growing, medium-density softwood, suitable for a wide range of end-uses. Its silviculture is highly developed, and is built on a rm foundation of over a century of research, observation and practice. Radiata pine is often considered a model for growers of other plantation species. This book explores current knowledge of, and experience with radiata pine forest plantation management and examines its long-term sustainability. Radiata pine management needs to integrate the biological aspects of tree-growing, with socio-economics, management objectives, practical considerations and other constraints and opportunities. Although stands of radiata pine may appear to be simple, they are actually quite complex ecosystems because they contain large, long-lived trees that change dramatically over time and interact in changing ways with the environment and with other organisms. The focus of this book is on the principles and practices of growing radiata pine sustainably. It also looks ahead to emerging challenges facing radiata pine plantation management, such as the effects of climate change, new diseases and other threats, and meeting changing product needs and societal demands."--Page 4 of cover |
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| id | DE-604.BV043031129 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T17:26:04Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9251076340 9251076359 9789251076347 9789251076354 |
| language | English |
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| psigel | ZDB-4-EBA ZDB-4-EBA FAW_PDA_EBA |
| publishDate | 2013 |
| publishDateSearch | 2013 |
| publishDateSort | 2013 |
| publisher | Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | FAO forestry paper |
| spellingShingle | Mead, Donald J. Sustainable management of Pinus radiata plantations 1. Overview -- 2. Site requirements -- 3. Social, economic and environmental considerations -- 4. Pests and diseases -- 5. Growth characteristics, wood properties and end-use -- 6. Radiata pine tree-breeding -- 7. Producing planting stock -- 8. Establishment and early tending -- 9. Tending established radiata pine stands -- 10. Productivity changes and sustainability of radiata pine plantation forests -- 11. Radiata pine on farms -- 12. Conclusions "Pinus radiata (radiata pine) is a versatile, fast-growing, medium-density softwood, suitable for a wide range of end-uses. Its silviculture is highly developed, and is built on a rm foundation of over a century of research, observation and practice. Radiata pine is often considered a model for growers of other plantation species. This book explores current knowledge of, and experience with radiata pine forest plantation management and examines its long-term sustainability. Radiata pine management needs to integrate the biological aspects of tree-growing, with socio-economics, management objectives, practical considerations and other constraints and opportunities. Although stands of radiata pine may appear to be simple, they are actually quite complex ecosystems because they contain large, long-lived trees that change dramatically over time and interact in changing ways with the environment and with other organisms. The focus of this book is on the principles and practices of growing radiata pine sustainably. It also looks ahead to emerging challenges facing radiata pine plantation management, such as the effects of climate change, new diseases and other threats, and meeting changing product needs and societal demands."--Page 4 of cover GARDENING / Fruit bisacsh TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Agriculture / General bisacsh Pine / Growth fast Pinus radiata fast Landwirtschaft Pinus radiata Pine Growth |
| title | Sustainable management of Pinus radiata plantations |
| title_auth | Sustainable management of Pinus radiata plantations |
| title_exact_search | Sustainable management of Pinus radiata plantations |
| title_full | Sustainable management of Pinus radiata plantations by Donald J. Mead |
| title_fullStr | Sustainable management of Pinus radiata plantations by Donald J. Mead |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sustainable management of Pinus radiata plantations by Donald J. Mead |
| title_short | Sustainable management of Pinus radiata plantations |
| title_sort | sustainable management of pinus radiata plantations |
| topic | GARDENING / Fruit bisacsh TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Agriculture / General bisacsh Pine / Growth fast Pinus radiata fast Landwirtschaft Pinus radiata Pine Growth |
| topic_facet | GARDENING / Fruit TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Agriculture / General Pine / Growth Pinus radiata Landwirtschaft Pine Growth |
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