The circle of God: an archaeological and historical search for the nature of the sacred : a study of continuity
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| Beteilige Person: | |
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| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
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Oxford
Archaeopress Publishing LTD
[2015]
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| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028077408&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | V, 807 Seiten Illustrationen, Karten |
| ISBN: | 9781784911379 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The circle of God |b an archaeological and historical search for the nature of the sacred : a study of continuity |c Brian Hobley F.S.A. |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | The Circle of God: Table of Contents
1
Part One: The Circle as a Symbol
Chapter One: The Nature of Symbolism...................................................................1.1 -1.7
The definition of a symbol...............................................................................1.1
Methodology, meaning and verification................................................................... 1.2
Cognitive archaeology: a new approach to symbolism.........................................................1.4
The symbolism of myth, religion and the otherworld.......................................................1.5
Chapter Two: Symbolism in the Greco - Roman World......................................................2.1 - 2.8
Greek and Latin terms for the symbol.................................................................. 2.1
Greek and Roman pagan and early Christian views on symbolism.............................................2.1
Invoking the gods: sympatheia and talismans...............................................................2.6
The use of iconography to explore the talismanic function of buildings...................................2.9
Prophecy and divination..................................................................................2.10
Astrology.............................................................................................. 2.12
Illustrations.......................................................................................... 2.18
Chapter Three: Imaging the Gods........................................................................3.1 - 3.5
Greco - Roman myth and religion..................................................................... ....3.1
Cosmic piety............................................................................................ 3.3
Part Two: The Sun as a Universal Symbol
Chapter Four: Solar Symbols in the Middle East.........................................................4.1 - 4.9
The power of the Sun................................................................................ 4.1
The Sun in Babylon and Assyria............................................................................4.3
The Sun in Egypt..........................................................................................4.4
Illustrations: Images.....................................................................................4.8
Subject................................................................................... 4.9
Sources................................................................................See 49.3
Chapter Five: Solar Symbols in Megalithic Europe.......................................................5.1 - 5.6
The circle.............................................................................................. 5.1
Spirals...................................................................................................5.4
Circles...................................................................................................5.5
Sun - discs and solar crosses. Pyramidal and wedge - shaped sun triangles.................................5.5
Rhomboid or lozenge and zig - zag motifs................................................................ 5,6
Swastikas, solar whorls, meander patterns and gold cones............................................5.6 - 5.7
Illustrations: Images...............................................................................5.8 - 5.15
Subject...............................................................................5.15-5.16
Sources.........................................................................See 49.3 - 49.4
Chapter Six: The Sim and the Celts.....................................................................6.1 - 6 11
Wheels and swastikas......................................................................................6.1
Stags.....................................................................................................6.2
Water - birds.............................................................................................6.3
Bulls................................................................................................ *..6.3
Lions....................................................................*....................*..........6.4
Horses....................................................................................................6.5
Gold......................................................................................................6.6
Amber and Faience.........................................................................................6.6
Illustrations: Images...............................................................................6.7 - 6.11
Subject....................................................................................6.11
Sources.....................................................................................See 49.4
Chapter Seven: Sun - symbols in Mycenae and Crete......................................................7.1 - 7.9
Mycenaean circle and cross symbolism......................................................................7.1
Minoan crosses and swastikas at Knossos...................................................................7.1
The solar labyrinth, the Cretan labyrinth and the Minotaur.................................................73
The Mycenean megaron (royal palace) and circular hearths...................................................73
The royal cemetery of Mycenae: grave and tomb circles.....................................................7.4
Illustrations: Images..................................................................................73-7.9
1
The Circle of God: Table of Contents
2
Chapter Seven: Sun - »ymbol* in Mycenae and Crete
Subject.......................
Sources.......................
Chapter Eight: The Greco - Roman Sun.
Helios the Greek Sun................
Sol. the Roman Sun.................
Illustrations: Images..............
Subject.............
Sources.............
(continued)
..........7.9
.....See 49.4
.....8.1 - 8.7
..........8.1
..........8.2
........8.6-7
..........8.7
.....See 49.4
Chapter Nine: The Celestial Sphere.........................
The celestial globe on a pillar.........................
The Roman terrestrial sphere as a symbol of power
Illustrations: Images................................
Subject...............................
Sources................................
.......9.1 -10
............9.2
............9.4
.......9.5- 9.9
......9.9- 9.10
See 49.4 - 49.5
Chapter Ten: The Advent of Apollo
The attributes of Apollo.......
Apollo and the solar wheel.....
Apollo and the omphalos........
Paterae or omphalos bowls......
Apollo s tripod and cauldron...
Orpheus and the solar circle...
Illustrations: Images..........
Subject..........
Sources..........
...10.1 -10.17
.........10.1
..........10.4
.........10.6
..........10.7
.........10.8
..........10.9
.10.11 -10.17
10.17 -10.18
.....See 49.5
Chapter Eleven: Circularity and Centrality in Greek Thought...............................................11.1 -11.15
The circle and the philosophers.............................................................................11.1
Centrality..................................................................................................11.3
The soul: circulation and circularity.......................................................................11.6
Circumambulatum and dance...................................................................................11.8
Illustrations: Images.................................................................................11.12 -11.15
Subject.....................................................................................11.15
Sources..................................................................................See 49.5
ChapterTwelve: The Celestial Axis.........................................
Sacred tree*..........................................................
Common Date Palm, Phoenix dactylifera.................................
Aygeiu* pillar՝·* and the celestial pathway...........................
I rev · standing cosmic pillars columns, cones and Jupiter Columns.
Illustrations: Images...........................................
Subject...............................................
Sources........................
Part Three: Neolithic and Bronze Age Circular Structures
Chapter Thirteen: The Neolithic/Bronze Age Circular World-View ....
The My prop in the Bron/c Age.......................
Circularity and centrality at Yeavering...............
TK· « Ur one of S.IHiry I Ml. Neolithic Circular Cosmic sirertilr«
Illustrations: Images...............
Subject.......................
and Landscapes.,
Sources.........
Chapter Fourteen: Stonehenge, f tenges and Round Barrows
Ctrck-stnthe ritual landscape...
ieimchmge. Phase I: the Aubrey Holes.........
12.1 -12.9
......12.1
......12.2
......12.2
......12.4
12.6 -12.9
......12.9
....See 49.5
...13.1-13.11
.........13.1
..........13.2
..........13.4
....13.7 -13.11
........13.11
...See 49.5-6
14.1 -14.23
.......14.1
.......14.2
The Circle of God: Table of Contents 3
Chapter Fourteen: Stonehenge, Henges and Round Barrows (continued)
Stonehenge, Phase III: bluestones and sarsen stones......................................................14.3
Station Stones...........................................................................................14.3
The Cursus...............................................................................................14.4
Axeheads...................................................................................................14.5
Bones......................................................................................................14.5
The mythic Stonehenge......................................................................................14.6
The circle of Avebury......................................................................................14.8
Timber circles and the great tree henges.................................................................14.8
Bronze Age round houses and the central hearth............................................................14.11
British concentric burials in the Bronze and Iron Age....................................................14.14
Illustrations: Images.............................................................................14.15-14.22
Subject....................................................................................14.23
Sources......................................................................................See 49.6
Part Four. An Introduction to Greco - Roman Circular Structures
Chapter Fifteen: Round Altars, Mundus /Offering Pits and Heroons.......................................15.1 -15.11
Greek round altars.........................................................................................15.1
Circular altars at the Apollonian centres of Didyma and Miletus..........................................15.2
Roman round altars..................................................................................... 15.3
Circular offering pits: the bothros, mundus and sacrarium................................................ 15.4
The bothros................................................................................................15.4
The mundus.................................................................................................15.5
Hero cults and heroons.....................................................................................15.6
Illustrations: Images............................................................................ 15.9 -15.11
Subject.................................................................................. 15.11
Sources......................................................................................See 49.6
Chapter Sixteen: Ancient Circular Town Planning........................................................16.1 - 16.19
Auguring the temptum.......................................................................................16.2
The pomerium...............................................................................................16.3
The quadrat a..............................................................................................16.5
Sacred alignments in Rome, a hypothesis: (1 )cardo maximus.................................................16.6
(2) The decumanus....................................................................................... .16.7
Alignments to the Circus Maximus...........................................................................16.7
Celtic centrality and circular town planning...............................................................16.8
Illustrations: Images..............................................................................16.12-16.18
Subject....................................................................................16.19
Sources............................................................................... See 49.6
Chapter Seventeen: The Tholus..........................................................................17.1 -17.33
The classification of tholi................................................................................17.1
Archaeological survival and locations................................................................. ...17.3
The archaic antecedents of tholi...........................................................................17.5
The Athenian tholus rotunda.............................................................................. 17.6
The Epidauros tholus: so called Labyrinth?.................................................................17.8
The Epidauros tholus floor...............................................................................17.10
The Arsinoeion tholus rotunda at Samothrace: sanctuary of the Great Gods.................................17.10
Tholi and tholus complexes at Pella, Thebes, Stymphalus and Kepoi.........................................17.12
Tlwli in the marketplace..................................................................................17.12
Tholi in sacro - idyllic landscapes.......................................................................17.14
Tholus - like towers and sacred high places............................................................. 17.16
Tholus acanthus decoration and the Corinthian capital.....................................................17.18
Illustrations: Images..............................................................................17.21 -17.32
Subject......................................................................... 1732 -1733
Sources.............................................................................See 49.6-7
Chapter Eighteen: The Symbolic Meaning of Tholi........................................................18.1 * 18.9
Apollo and tholi.......................................................................................... 183
3
4
The Circle of Cod: Table of Contents
Illustrations: Images..................................
Subject.................................................
Sources.................................................
(continued)
.........18.5
.... 18.7 -18.9
.........18.9
....See 49.7
Part Five: Circularity at Rome
Chapter Nineteen: The Roman Circus............................
So! at the Circus....................................................
Apollo CaelLspex at the Circus.......................................
The I tippodrome or Circus Gardens...................................
Cybele at the Circus..............................;.......7 1u c.....
Iłu· spina and the euripus: a symbolic water course and centre for the bun
Consus at the Circus.................................................
The Circus obelisk: a solar spire....................................
Vtoli at the Circus..................................................
The symbolism of the Circus..........................................
Appendix to Chapter Nineteen
(a) Solar deities at the Circus Maximus..............................
Altars and statues on the spina......................................
(b) Temples, shrines and altars at the Circus Flaminius..............
Illustrations: Images................................................
Subject...............................................
Sources...............................................
..19.1 -19.20
........19.3
.........19.4
.........19.4
........19.5
.........19.6
.........19.7
.........19.7
.........19.8
.........19.9
.......19.10
.......19.11
.......19.12
19.14 -19.19
.......19.20
....See 49.7
Chapter Twenty: The Roman Theatre............................................................................* ^
Origins in Greece...............................................................................................20*1
Lite Republican and early Imperial temple sanctuaries with theatres..............................................201
Imperial theatres with temples..................................................................................20.3
The cosmic architecture of Vitruvius............................................................................20.3
Illustrations: Images....................................................................................20.4 ֊ 20.7
Subject..........................................................................................20.7
Sources......................................................................................See 49.7
Chapter Twenty - One: Circularity in the Forum Romanum
11k* mumfus.........................................
11k* Hidental (putca! Libononis or Scribonianum)....
The Lipis Niger (Black Stone).......................
11k* Lieu* Curtius (Pool of Curtius)................
The Carter..........................................
The Umbilicus Romae.................................
The fermiryriium of the Rostra (Orator s Platform)..
TbeComitium.........................................
Tie Maenta column...................................
The *hnne of Cloacina................
The Regu (-Royal Palace*·)..............................
Ar՝1՞ iuliu t ։ vm («« Pie «f ։ho Deified Julius Caesar - Julius the God)
Temple of Anlc* Vesta....................
The temple of Divus Romulus..............
UlmUalunK: Images..............
Subject................
Sources.............
.21.1-21.10
.......21.1
.......21.1
.......21.1
.......21.2
.......21.2
.......21.2
.......21.2
.......21.3
.......21.3
.......21.4
.......21.4
.......21.4
.......21.4
.......21.5
.. 21.6-21.9
......21.10
...See 49.7
Part Six: Rome and the New Architecture
*■ R°m“ ....................
Thr Kddaehm a* a dome of heaven ...
ItKtnan * tneUmAimbfella domes..
The ntrbotwm of the dome.....
.22.1-22.17
.......22.1
.......22.2
........22.4
........22.4
4
The Circle of God: Table of Contents
5
Chapter Twenty - Two: The Dome in Roman Monumental Architecture (continued)
Floor mosaics as mirrors of dome ceiling imagery.......................................................22.7
Thermae: Roman Imperial Public Baths...................................................................22.8
Varro s aviary .......................................................................................22.9
Illustrations: Images...........................................................................22.10-22.17
Subject....................................................................................22.17
Sources........................................................................See 49.7 - 49.8
Chapter Twenty - Three: Arches, Vaults and Sacred Gateways.........................................23.1 - 23.8
The supreme arch of the heavens : Greek and Etruscan origins..............................................23.1
Sacred Town Gates/Walls and the Triumphal arch: gateways between two worlds............................23.2
The triumphal arch gateway of Perge........................................................................23.4
Illustrations: Images...........................................................................23.5 - 23.8
Subject.....................................................................................23.8
Sources........................................................................... See 49.8
Chapter Twenty - Four Apses and Hemicycles.........................................................24.1 - 24.15
The Greek origins of the apse..............................................................................24.1
Roman apses, exedrae and semi - circular benches....................................................... 24.3
Apses at the Domus Flavia..................................................................................24.5
Hemicycles............................................................................................... 24.6
The Septizonium: a planetary facade........................................................................24.7
Illustrations: Images..............................................................................24,8 * 24.14
Subject....................................................................................24.15
Sources......................................................................................See 49.8
Chapter Twenty - Five: Circularity in Sacred Palaces..................................................25.1 - 25.11
The Domus Aurea: Nero s Royal Sacred Palace of the Sun.....................................................25.1
Diocletian s palace at Spalato (Split).....................................................................25.3
The palace of Maximianus...................................................................................25.3
The Herodium of Herod the Great............................................................................25.4
Nimrud Dagh.............................................................................................. 25.6
Illustrations: Images................................................................................25.6*25.11
Subject....................................................................................25,11
Sources..............................................................................See 49.8
Chapter Twenty - Six: Circularity at Roman Military Sites..........................................26.1 - 26.10
Tropaea (victory monuments)................................................................................26.1
The great circular Rhine monument at Augst.................................................................26.1
Arthur s O on: a tropacum on Hadrian s wall............................................................26.2
Circular structures inside Roman forts: The Lunt at Baginton........................................... 26.2
The elliptical building at Deva Legionary Fortress....................................................... 26.4
Illustrations: Images..............................................................................26.5 - 26.10
Subject....................................................................................26.10
Sources......................................................................................See 49.8
Part Seven: Roman Celestial Iconography
Chapter Twenty - Seven: The Apollonian Solar Family at Rome.........................................27.1 * 2733
Venus..................................................................................................27-1
Diana (Luna)...............................................................................................27*3
Asdepius and Hygiena.......................................................................................27.4
Cybele.....................................................................................................27*6
Dionysus........................................................................................*......27.7
Fortuna...........................................................................................*27.8 · 27.11
Hercules................................................................................................ 27.11
Mercury (Hermes)..........................................................................................27*15
Mithras...................................................................................................27.16
Neptune...................................................................................................27.19
Orpheus...................................................................................................27.20
5
6
Th,· r. rI.· о/ Cod: Table of Contents —
Chapter Twenty - Seven: The Apollonian Solar Illustrations: Images (continued) 27.23 - 27.37 27.37-27.38
Subject Sources..... See 49.8-9 28.1 - 28.19
Chapter Twenty - Eight: The Circle of the Zodiac 28.2
The origins of the Greco - Roman zodiac The decans 28.4 .....28.5
The zodiacal calendar The zodiacal ring as a symbol of divinity The altar of Gab։։ 28.6 28.11 28.13-28.18
Illustrations: Images 28.19
Part Eight: The Cosmic Master - Builders
Chapter Twenty - Nine: Augustus and the Sun - god......................
The Apollonian propagandist.........................................
The Capricorn and its meaning.......................................
Astrological symbolism in Augustan temples: the temple of Mars Ultor
The temple of Concordia............*................................
Augustus and the Circus Maximus.....................................
Augustus, Jupiter and Apollo........................................
Illustrations: Images...............................................
Subject..............................................
Sources..............................................
Chapter Thirty: Augustus Circular Mausoleum.................................................................30.1 - 30.6
The Augustan tradition of rotunda tombs........................................................................30.3
Illustrations: Images....................................................................................30.4- 30.6
Subject.........................................................................................30.6
Sources.....................................................................................See 49.9
.29.1 - 29.14
........29.1
........29.4
........29.6
........29.8
........29.9
......29.10
......29.11
......29.14
....See 49.12
Chapter Thirty - One: Apollo Palatinus and other Augustan Structures
The Palatine temple of Apollo and Augustus residence..........
Augustus temple of Vesta on the Palatine......................
The temple of Apollo Mcdicus (Apollo in Circo).................
live Dueta Apollonis of Gaius Maecenas.........................
Cucle and square symbolism at Pompeii in the Augustan Age......
!ho Meta Sudan*” and the Augustan Regions of Rome.............
11k* 1 (orotogiom and the Ara Pacts............................
CoUmia Augusta Raurica.........................................
Illustrations: Images....................................
Subject..........................................
Sources......................
....31.1-31.17
..........31.1
..........31.2
..........31.3
..........31.3
..........31.4
..........31.5
..........31.7
..........31.8
....31.9-31.16
.........31.17
See 49.9 - 49.10
Chapter Thirty · Two: Agrippa s Pantheon
The circular sktxxI cou rt...............
Illustrations: Images...................
Subject..................
Sources..................
Chapter Thirty - Thrift Hadrian*· Celestial Pantheon
The dome---------------
C.rtW and *quarv* on I bo Pantheon floor and
Pantheon »tmulattotvt in antiquity........
I tad run՛» philosophical inclinations.
Iltueriliom;
Images^
Subjects
walls....
.32.1-32.5
.......32.1
.32.4-32.5
.......32.5
...See 49.10
33.1-33.11
.......33.2
.......33.3
.......33.4
..33.5 - 33.6
.33.7 - 33.11
......33.11
6
The Circle of God: Table of Contents
7
Chapter Thirty - Three: Hadrian s Celestial Pantheon (continued)
Sources.............................................................................See 49.10
Chapter Thirty - Four Hadrian s Circles and Squares..................................................34.1 - 34.27
Hadrian s mausoleum.....................................................................................34.2
The structures at Hadrian s Palace/villa at Tivoli......................................................34.3
Piazza d Oro .....................................................................................34.4
Accademia (Reversed - curve Pavilion)............................................................34.5
Maritime Theatre (Circular Island Enclosure).....................................................34.6
Roccabruna .......................................................................................34.7
Ceilings at Tivoli............................................................................... 34.7
Tivoli pavements..................................................................................34.10
Basilica Ulpia Rome....................................................................................34.11
The temple of Venus and Rome......................................................................... 34.12
The insula of Jason Magnus at Cyrene................................................................. 34.13
Further examples of circle and square mosaic floors....................................................34.15
Hadrian s hunting tondi and the death of Antinous......................................................34.15
Illustrations: Images............................................................................34.16 - 34.27
Subject............................................................................. 34.27
Sources...................................................................................See 49.10
Part Nine: Circular Symbolism in Roman Life
Chapter Thirty - Five: Circles of Death and the Afterlife............................................35.1 - 35.14
The Etruscan antecedents.......................................................................... ..35.1
Circular iconography in Roman and early Christian monuments.............................................35.1
Early Christian catacombs...............................................................................35.3
The circulus lacteus and the road of the dead......................................................... 35.5
Illustrations: Images............................................................................35.5 -35.14
Subject.................................................................................35.15
Sources......................................................................See 49.10 - 49.11
Chapter Thirty - Six: Solar Discs and Sacred Sun - cakes.............................................36.1 - 36.11
Military solar discs......................................................................................36.3
The discus and the Panhellenic Olympic Games............................................................36.4
Solar discs and temple pediments........................................................................36.4
Oscilla Sacred discs....................................................................................36.5
Unexplained discs................................................................................... 36.5
Illustrations: Images............................................................................36.6-36.11
Subject.................................................................................36.11
Sources...................................................................................See 49.11
Chapter Thirty - Seven: The Rosette..................................................................37.1 - 37.13
The rosette in Mesopotamia and Assyria..................................................................37.1
Minoan and Mycenean rosettes............................................................................37.1
Greek rosettes..........................................................................................37.1
Etruscan rosettes.......................................................................................37.3
Roman rosettes...........................................................................................373
Rosettes, catasterism and the road to the stars....................................................... 37.4
Christian rosettes..................................................................................... 373
The meaning of the rosette...............................................................................373
Illustrations: Images............................................................................-37.6 - 37.12
Subject.................................................................................37.13
Sources...................................................................................See 49.11
Chapter Thirty - Eight: Solar Headwear, star, zodiac ic rosette garments.............................38.1 - 38.19
The radiate crown..................................................................................... 38.1
The nimbus..............................................................................................38.1
Leafed coronae (crowns or chaplets) and circular wreaths............................................... —383
Acquiring the Sun s protection..........................................................................38.4
7
8
The Circle of God: Table of Contents __________________________,
Chapter Thirty - Eight: Solar Headwear, star, zodiac rosette garments
Protective Sun - symbols on brooches......................
Circular headdresses and solar protection.........................
Star, zodiac, rosette, covered garments and solar headwear........
Parasols and umbrellas..........*.........................
The tonsure..................................................
Illustrations: Images.........................................
Subject...........................................
Sources...........................................
(continued)
..........38.6
..........38.7
..........38.8
.........38.10
........38.10
..38.11 - 38.18
.........38.19
....See 49.11
Chapter Thirty - Nine: Cosmic and Celestial Shields
The clijKus.........................................
Raising the solar shield............................
Illustrations: Images..............................
Subject.............................
Sources.............................
39.1 - 39.6
.......39.1
........39.2
. 39.4- 39.6
.......39.6
..See 49.11
Part Ten: The Solar World of Christianity
Chapter Forty: Pagan Monotheism and Early Christianity
The One God............................................
The solarisation of Jesus..............................
The Mithraic contribution..............................
Christianization of Orpheus.......................
Christians and the cosmos.........................
Illustrations: Images...................................
Subject................................
Sources..................................
...40.1-40.13
.........40.1
.........40.5
.........40.7
.........40.9
.......40.11
.40.14 - 40.17
.......40.17
.See 49.11-12
Chapter Forty - One: Constantine the Great and the Triumph of Apollo........................................41.1 - 41.8
The chi rho and the solar cross................................................................................41.1
Constantinople and Rome........................................................................................41.5
Converting the Empire..........................................................................................41.6
Illustrations: Images...................................................................................41.9 - 41.11
Subject.......................................................................................41.11
Sources..................................................................................See 49.12
Chapter Forty - Tivo: The Solar Cycle and the Christian Year....
The solstices and the equinoxes..............................
11k* vernal equinox..........................................
The winter solstice..........................................
The autumnal equinox and St. Michael the Archangel...........
The summer solstice..........................................
Celtic mid - quarter lire · festivals and the Christian calendar
Illustrations: Images..................................
Subject......................................
Sources.................
...42.1 - 42.10
.........42.1
.........42.2
.........42.3
.........42.5
.........42.6
.........42.7
.42.10 - 42.14
.......42.14
...See 49.12
CH»plff Forty - Three: Circular Symbolism in Early Christian Structures
Farly circular churches.......
Baptisteries...............
Mattvfia................
SUu«nIc4...................
Polygon*! chapter · houses.
Church« built on ancient Bntishand Irish circularises
^^1»;^՛:;::::;:::::::::.....................
The rm* wuvW and the Wheel of Fortune.........................................
w ֊■* .................................. ........................
43.1 - 43.41
.......43.1
.......43.3
.......43.4
.......43.4
.......43.5
....43.6
..43.10
..43.12
..43.14
..43.16
..43.17
8
The Cirde of God: Table of Contents
9
Chapter Forty - Three: Circular Symbolism in Early Christian Structures (continued)
Illustrations: Images..............................................................................43.31 - 43.51
Subject.............................................................................43.41 - 43.43
Sources.........................................................................See 49.12 - 49.13
Chapter Forty - Four The Cross.........................................................................44.1 - 44.18
Early crosses in Dark Age Britain and Ireland..............................................................44.1
Late Christian solar crosses.............................................................................. 44.2
Types of crosses (1) Equal armed cross.....................................................................44.3
(2) Assyrian or so called Maltese cross................................................44.6
(3) Diagonal or so called St.Andrew s cross............................................44.6
(4) Tau cross or T cross...............................................................44.7
(5) Elongated or Latincross............................................................44.8
Christian Solar Inculturation........................................................................44.10-11
Illustrations: Images..............................................................................44.11 -44.23
Subject.............................................................................44.23— 44.24
Sources.................................................................................See 49.13
Chapter Forty - Five: The Unconquered Sun..............................................................45.1 - 45.10
Solar heresy within Christianity: the Irish Celtic Church................................................. 45.1
Irish round towers..........................................................................................45.3
The sacred yew tree.........................................................................................45.6
The Albigensians.......................................................................................... 45.7
Greco - Roman rircularity, early Islamic symbols and the Mandala: a note....................................45.9
Illustrations: Images...................................................................................45.10-11
Subject.....................................................................................45.11
Sources.................................................................................See 49.13
46. Conclusion......................................................................................... 46.1 -46.3
47. Index (with authors).......................................................................................47.1 -47.59
48. Index Illustration Subject (Caption)...............................................................48.1 - 48.12
49. Illustration: Sources..............................................................................49.1 - 49.18
Museums, Galleries, Libraries, Institutions and Abbreviations............................................. 49.1
Agendes/Photographic Studios................................................................................49.3
Publishers/Press Abbreviations..............................................................................49.3
Chapter Illustrations.......................................................................................49.4
Acknowledgements......................................................................................... 49.16
50. Bibliography...............................................................................................50.1 -50.34
Bibliography Abbreviations..................................................................................50.1
Andcnt Classical Sources....................................................................................50.3
Secondary Literature......................................................................................503 51
51. Glossary of Latin ic Greek Terms...................................................................*51.1 - 51.12
9
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| language | English |
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| spellingShingle | Hobley, Brian The circle of God an archaeological and historical search for the nature of the sacred : a study of continuity Religiöse Kunst (DE-588)4193793-4 gnd Sonne Motiv (DE-588)4181819-2 gnd Kosmologie (DE-588)4114294-9 gnd Gott (DE-588)4021662-7 gnd Kreis Motiv (DE-588)4425956-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4193793-4 (DE-588)4181819-2 (DE-588)4114294-9 (DE-588)4021662-7 (DE-588)4425956-6 |
| title | The circle of God an archaeological and historical search for the nature of the sacred : a study of continuity |
| title_auth | The circle of God an archaeological and historical search for the nature of the sacred : a study of continuity |
| title_exact_search | The circle of God an archaeological and historical search for the nature of the sacred : a study of continuity |
| title_full | The circle of God an archaeological and historical search for the nature of the sacred : a study of continuity Brian Hobley F.S.A. |
| title_fullStr | The circle of God an archaeological and historical search for the nature of the sacred : a study of continuity Brian Hobley F.S.A. |
| title_full_unstemmed | The circle of God an archaeological and historical search for the nature of the sacred : a study of continuity Brian Hobley F.S.A. |
| title_short | The circle of God |
| title_sort | the circle of god an archaeological and historical search for the nature of the sacred a study of continuity |
| title_sub | an archaeological and historical search for the nature of the sacred : a study of continuity |
| topic | Religiöse Kunst (DE-588)4193793-4 gnd Sonne Motiv (DE-588)4181819-2 gnd Kosmologie (DE-588)4114294-9 gnd Gott (DE-588)4021662-7 gnd Kreis Motiv (DE-588)4425956-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Religiöse Kunst Sonne Motiv Kosmologie Gott Kreis Motiv |
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