Gespeichert in:
| Weitere beteiligte Personen: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Philadelphia, Pa.
Elsevier
2015
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Pediatric clinics of North America
62,2 |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=028061746&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | XVII S., S. 329 - 570 Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780323359818 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The healthy and sick newborn |c ed. David A. Clark |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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| adam_text | Titel: The healthy and sick newborn
Autor: Clark, David A
Jahr: 2015
The Healthy and Sick Newborn
Contents
Foreword: The Healthy and Sick Newborn
Bonita F. Stanton
xiii
Preface: The Problem Baby: Too Much Information
David A. Clark
xv
Erratum
xvii
Transition from Fetus to Newborn
329
Jonathan R. Swanson and Robert A. Sinkin
The fetus to newborn transition is a complex physiologic process that re-
quires close monitoring. Approximately 10% of all newborns require some
support in facilitating a successful transition after delivery. Clinicians
should be aware of the physiologic processes and pay close regard to
the newborn s cardiopulmonary transition at birth to provide appropriate
treatment and therapies as required. Trained Personnel in the Neonatal
Resuscitation program should be available at the delivery for all newborns
to ensure that immediate and appropriate care is provided to achieve the
best possible outcomes for those babies not smoothly transitioning to
extrauterine life.
Initial Assessment and Management of the Newborn 345
Julie R. Gooding and Richard E. McClead Jr
This article summarizes the initial assessment of normal newborns and de-
scribes a few of the common variations that may occur. These variations
require a pediatric provider to reassure anxious new parents and provide
follow-up communication with the subsequent primary care provider.
Sensory Development 367
Melinda B. Clark-Gambelunghe and David A. Clark
Sensory development is complex, with both morphologic and neural com-
ponents. Development of the senses begins in early fetal life, initially with
structures and then in-utero stimulation initiates perception. After birth,
environmental stimulants accelerate each sensory organ to nearly com-
plete maturity several months after birth. Vision and hearing are the best
studied senses and the most crucial for learning. This article focuses on
the cranial senses of vision, hearing, smell, and taste. Sensory function,
embryogenesis, external and genetic effects, and common malformations
that may affect development are discussed, and the corresponding sen-
sory organs are examined and evaluated.
Metabolic Screening and Postnatal Glucose Homeostasis in the Newborn 385
David H. Adamkin
Although individual metabolic diseases are relatively uncommon, inherited
metabolic diseases collectively represent a more common cause of disease
viii Contents
in the neonatal period than is generally appreciated. Newborn screening is
among the most successful public health programs today. Every day, new-
borns considered to be at risk for hypoglycemia are screened. The definition
of clinically significant hypoglycemia remains among the most confused and
contentious issues in neonatology. There are 2 competing methods of
defining hypoglycemia that suggest very different levels for management:
one based on metabolic-endocrinologic hormones and another that uses
outcome data to determine threshold levels of risk.
Common Genetic and Epigenetic Syndromes 411
Darius J. Adams and David A. Clark
Cytogenetic anomalies should be considered in individuals with multiple
congenital anomalies. DNA methylation analysis is the most sensitive initial
test in evaluating for Prader-Willi and Angelman syndromes. The timely
identification of cytogenetic anomalies allows for prompt initiation of early
intervention services to maximize the potential of every individual as they
grow older. Although many of these conditions are rare, keeping them in
mind can have a profound impact on the clinical course of affected individ-
uals. This article reviews some of the more common genetic syndromes.
Neonatal Nutrition 427
Scott C. Denne
Optimal nutrition in infancy is the foundation of health in later life. Based on
the demonstrated health benefits of human milk, breastfeeding should be
the primary means of nutrition for most infants. Although many mothers
experience some problems with breastfeeding, health professionals can
use simple strategies to overcome most of these problems. For infants
who cannot breastfeed, standard infant formulas support adequate nutri-
tion and growth. Gastroesophageal reflux is a common feeding-related
event and occurs in most infants; it is part of normal physiology and re-
quires no intervention. Gastroesophageal reflux disease occurs in a small
number of infants necessitating the use of an algorithm-based evaluation
and management strategy.
Management of the Late Preterm Infant: Not Quite Ready for Prime Time 439
Michael J. Horgan
Preterm births account for 12.5% of all births in the United States. The pre-
term birth rate has increased by 33% over the last 2 decades. Late and
premature infants do not develop the serious and chronic conditions of
the extreme premature infant. However, there is growing evidence that
these infants are not as healthy as previously thought and do in fact
have an increase in morbidity and mortality compared with term infants.
This article summarizes the epidemiology of late preterm infants and the
associated morbidities associated with their prematurity.
Neonatal Respiratory Distress: A Practical Approach to Its Diagnosis
and Management 453
Arun K. Pramanik, Nandeesh Rangaswamy, and Thomas Gates
Respiratory disorders are the most frequent cause of admission to the
special care nursery both in term and preterm infants. Pediatricians and
primary care providers may encounter newborn infants with respiratory
distress in their office, emergency room, delivery room, or during physical
assessment in the newborn nursery. The authors have proposed a prac-
tical approach to diagnose and manage such infants, with suggestions
for consulting a neonatologist at a regional center. Their objective is that
practicing pediatricians should be able to assess and stabilize such in-
fants, and transfer to or consult a neonatologist, cardiologist, or pulmonol-
ogist after reading this article.
Cardiac Evaluation of the Newborn
Donald J. Fillipps and Richard L. Bucciarelli
The physical examination of the term newborn s cardiovascular system is
reviewed detailing the normal and abnormal variants that can be found
within the first few days after birth. The authors discuss the pathophysio-
logic changes that occur in the presence of congenital heart disease and
how these changes affect the clinical presentation. The major common
cardiac defects are described and discussed. Pulse oximetry screening
is reviewed in detail indicating its value in the early detection of most cases
of critical congenital heart disease. Finally, the reader is given several sug-
gestions on diagnosis, stabilization, and when to refer to specialists.
A Practical Guide to the Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of
Neonatal Infections
Roberto Parulan Santos and Debra Tristram
Neonatal infections continue to cause morbidity and mortality in infants.
Among approximately 400,000 infants followed nationally, the incidence
rates of early-onset sepsis infection within 3 days of life are 0.98 cases
per 1000 live births. Newborn infants are at increased risk for infections
because they have relative immunodeficiency. This article provides
evidence-based practical approaches to the diagnosis, management,
and prevention of neonatal infections.
Common Hematologic Problems in the Newborn Nursery
Jon F. Watchko
Common red blood cell disorders encountered in the normal newborn
nursery include hemolytic disease of the newborn and resultant hyperbilir-
ubinemia, anemia, and polycythemia. A less frequent clinically relevant he-
matologic issue in newborns to be covered herein is thrombocytopenia.
Neonatal Medications
Robert M. Ward, Justin Stiers, and Karen Buchi
Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is reaching epidemic proportions
related to perinatal use of opioids. There are many approaches to assess
and manage NAS, including one we have outlined. A standardized
approach is likely to reduce length of stay and variability in practice.
Circumcision is a frequent, painful procedure performed in the neonatal
period. The rationale for providing analgesia is presented as well as a re-
view of methods. Pharmacogenomics and pharmacogenetics have
expanded our understanding of diseases and their drug therapy. Some
Contents
applications of pharmacogenomics to the neonatal period are presented,
along with pediatric challenges of developmental expression of drug-
metabolizing enzymes.
Discharge Planning 545
Brian M. Barkemeyer
Hospital discharge is a time of transition for infants and families that re-
quires oversight of common postnatal adaptations, screening tests, and
establishment of necessary follow-up care. Preterm infants face additional
medical problems that vary in complexity by the degree of prematurity. In-
fants born at lowest gestational ages are at highest risks for complicated
neonatal course and adverse long-term outcomes. Successful transition
from hospital to home care is essential to improved outcomes for high-
risk infants.
Index
557
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| title_full_unstemmed | The healthy and sick newborn ed. David A. Clark |
| title_short | The healthy and sick newborn |
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