Introduction to Smooth Manifolds - Lee, John M. (Springer New York, 2003)
Manifolds are everywhere. These generalizations of curves and surfaces to arbitrarily many dimensions provide the mathematical context for under standing "space" in all of its manifestations. Today, the tools of manifold theory are indispensable in most major subfields of pure mathematics, and outside of pure mathematics they are becoming increasingly important to scientists in such diverse fields as genetics, robotics, econometrics, com puter graphics, biomedical imaging, and, of course, the undisputed leader among consumers (and inspirers) of mathematics-theoretical physics. No longer a specialized subject that is studied only by differential geometers, manifold theory is now one of the basic skills that all mathematics students should acquire as early as possible. Over the past few centuries, mathematicians have developed a wondrous collection of conceptual machines designed to enable us to peer ever more deeply into the invisible world of geometry in higher dimensions. Once their operation is mastered, these powerful machines enable us to think geometrically about the 6-dimensional zero set of a polynomial in four complex variables, or the lO-dimensional manifold of 5 x 5 orthogonal ma trices, as easily as we think about the familiar 2-dimensional sphere in ]R3
Keywords: Mathematics; Global differential geometry; Cell aggregation / Mathematics; Manifolds and Cell Complexes (incl. Diff.Topology); Differential Geometry; Mathematik; Glatte Mannigfaltigkeit; Glatte Fläche; Glatte Kurve