České země v 19. století: proměny společnosti v moderní době 1
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Tschechisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Praha
Historický Ústav
(2014)
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Práce Historického Ústavu AV ČR
Řada A, Monographia ; 43 |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027408183&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027408183&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | 478 S. |
| ISBN: | 9788072862078 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819303446976659456 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Obsah
ÚVODEM
................................................................................................................7
Kapitola I.
-
VÝCHODISKA A INSPIRACE
1.1.
Diskurzy o českých dějinách
19
století: paradigmata,
interpretace, obrazy
....................................................................................9
1.2.
Zahraniční inspirace aneb Jak psát syntézu dějin
19.
století
.......25
Kapitola
II.
-
PROMĚNY POLITIKY: OD ABSOLUTISMU
KE KONSTITUCIONALISMU
ILI.
Prolog: revoluce
1848/1849
11.1.1.
„Revolučníchaos ajeho vyústění
..........................................................37
II.
1.2.
Co revoluce
1848/1849
po sobe v habsburské monarchii zanechah?
.........39
II.
1.3.
Zrod prvních politických programů a politické veřejnosti
..............................46
II.2. Struktury a mechanismy
11.2.
1.
Vederalismus versus centralismus: Zemské sněmy a vídeňsky parlament
..........69
11.2.2. Centralizace a decentralizace státu
.........................................................92
II.
2.3.
Volby a národní politické reprezentace v českých ^mích
1848/1861-1918...............................................................................98
II.
2.4.
Státní správa a samospráva
................................................................111
11.
3
Politický systém
11.3.1 Český politický subsystém
....................................................................117
11.3.
2
Německý politický subsystém
................................................................129
11.3.3 Slezská vévodství: Tňpolitickénárody a jejich politický subsystém
.......150
11.3.4 Pluralitní politická veřejnost a atomizace politiky v českých zemích
......155
11.3.5 Od honoracních stran
k
masovým politickým hnutím
............................170
11.4 Politické ideje
11.4.1 Liberalismus v éře naaonalismu
..........................................................177
11.4.2
Konzervatismus v liberální éře
.............................................................185
11.4.3 Sociální otázka v habsburské monarchii v soudobém společenskověd¬
ním diskurzu
......................................................................................191
II.5. Epilog: příčiny rozpadu habsburské monarchie
...........................198
Kapitola
III.
-
PROMĚNY SPOLEČNOSTI: OD PODDANSTVÍ
К
OBČANSTVÍ
III.l. Obyvatelstvo českých zemí a právní rámec
III.
1.1.
Demografický vývoj
..........................................................................207
111.1.2.
Mobilita
...........................................................................................210
III.
1.3.
Vývoj soudnictví a kodifikace trestního i občanského práva
.......................214
5
Ш.2.
Proměny venkovské společnosti
111.2.1
.legislativnítřměny
.............................................................................218
III.2.2.Proměna venkovského
prostom
a soaálníproměna venkova
.......................220
Ш.З.
Sociálně zajišťovací řád venkovské společnosti
...........................224
111.3.1.
Sociálně právní status (identita) individua
.........................................228
111.3.2,Instrumentarium
patriarchálne
kon-^ervativního soáálního řádu
.............231
III.
3.3.
Sonda do sociálně podpůrného %ajištšní na velkostatku
......................238
Ш.4.
Měšťanstvo
111.4.1.
Vroměny městské společnosti a %rod středních vrstev
..........................243
IIL4.2. Nové měšťanstvo
...............................................................................248
111.4.3.
Proměny rodiny ajejích funkcía postavení%eny
.................................257
III.5. Parametry nové liberální občanské společnosti
............................266
Kapitola
IV.
-
PROMĚNY HOSPODÁŘSTVÍ:
OD TRADIČNÍ VÝROBY
K INDUSTRIÁLNI
IV.l. Základní pojmy: modernizace, industrializace, kapitalismus,
sekundární sektor
..................................................................................277
IV.2. Proto-industrializace: počátek industrializace, nebo svébytný
jev?
.............................................................................................................288
IV.3. Průmyslová revoluce
-
zásadní společensko-ekonomický zlom
.....304
IV.4. Kapitálové zdroje hospodářských aktivit a vývoj finančně-
úvěrového systému
................................................................................323
IV.
5.
Druhá průmyslová revoluce, velká deprese a nástup organi¬
zovaného kapitalismu
..........................................................................344
IV.6. Hospodářská emancipace a ekonomický nacionalismus
.........362
IV.7. Peníze, měna, měnová politika
.........................................................374
IV.8. Ekonomika českých zemí v rámci Rakousko-Uherska
.............387
SUMMARY
........................................................................................................405
LITERATURA
..................................................................................................408
JMENNÝ REJSTŘÍK
......................................................................................471
Autorství kapitol:
ŕ
V
Úvod: Milan Hlavačka; kap. L: Milan Hlavačka
-
Milan
Repa;
kap.
IL:
Pavel
Cibulka
-
Milan Hlavačka
-
Werner Drobesch; kap. IIL: Milan Hlavačka
-
Alice Velková; kap.
IV.:
Jan Hájek
Summary
Bohemian Lands in the 19th century
Transformation of society in the Modern Era
The following texts provide a synthetic view of the Bohemian Lands in the
19th century, although no master narrative should be expected. There will
be little narration and more
compüation
of many views intertwining with
and complementing each other. Still, a unifying principle is
avaüable,
as sug¬
gested in the subtitle of the book with two key notions
-
transformation and
society. It is society that is in the focus of the work; society that is not reduced to
a nation, class or country, but viewed in multiple manifestations of political,
social, economic and cultural transfonnations. Probably in no other period of
time did local society see so much fundamental transformation as in the nine¬
teenth century which separated the traditional society from the modern one.
What characterized the formation of Czech civic society in the 19th century
is comprehensively summarized in a diachronic and structural review availa¬
ble in the final theses of Urban s work
Kapitalismus
a česká společnost
(Capitalism
ana
C^ęch
soäety).
Their truth has not diminished and historians accept them
even now. Thirty years after the apparition of this fundamental work of
Czech historiography on the evolution of Czech society in the 19th century the
above theses ate being theoretically further developed and materially im¬
plemented and refined. Of course, this does not mean that the historians
doing research into the 19th century are unable to work out a new concept, but
Otto Urban has in fact suggested a fundamental interpretation concept that
will hardly be surpassed in the foreseeable future. Moreover, few are today
able to review the past events in such a complex way as Otto Urban did.
However, his pioneer work was just one of a series of inspirations of the
present synthesis which makes use of the rapid development of research into
the long 19th century after
1989.
This applies, in particular, to the research
into political culture in the 19th century, and the latest methods and topics of
cultural anthropology, everyday history or gender studies have been intro¬
duced in the historiography of that particular period of time. This was also
largely due to foreign models, particularly to the historiography of neighboring
countries, Austria and Germany.
The structuring of the texts alone reveals much of the synthetic work
and its character. The readers will perhaps miss a separate chapter devoted
to culture. This, of course, does not mean that the cultural phenomena have
been ignored; they only have not been treated in the traditional way as a mere
appendix to political, social and economic history summarizing the information
405
on particular arts. Culture
-
viewed in the broadest sense of the word as
a syncretic notion covering both top art and folklore, works of art and their
reception, individual performance and institutional background, as a sphere
of particular manifestations and forms, including knowledge, education and
imagination
-
penetrates here in all layers of social reality: political actions,
political ideas, landscape shaping, coUective identity, views of the others, etc.
Well, what did the 19th century mean to Central European society? Certainly
a lot, and many things from that time have influenced our life until now. The
century in question was determined by four main factors, namely the tran¬
sition
1.
from absolutism to constitutionalism,
2.
from subjection to citizen¬
ship,
3.
from country-related patriotism to nationalism, and
4.
from traditional
society to a modern type of society. The synthesis shows that modern society
has rooted itself in the Enlightenment, or in the mechanistic perception of
its own existence. Owing to scientific and technical discoveries the world
became better understandable, foreseeable, and individually structured. It
was the individual, his needs and his exploitability by the state that appeared
in the focus of interest of sovereigns, mercantilists, populationists, and/or
scientists. The new approach to the individual by the new strong state exhib¬
ited a variety of forms and different political results. It was the modern
bourgeoisie that mostly profited from the discovery of the individual , the
emancipated individual being its social product. By managing economic power,
administrative skills, and also cultural values the bourgeoisie acquired an ex¬
ceptional position with an immense potential for the future. This potential,
represented and supported by a new moral ethos and an incredible (economic)
performance, then became the creator of an Estate-independent, balanced
law-based state, protector of private property and of free (political) thinking.
These principles have survived until today and constitute the three pillars of
civic society.
The 19th century, as generally known, has been labeled by historians,
sociologists, journalists and writers in many ways, mostly with one-word
characteristics, such as bourgeois, capitalist, national, liberal, progressive, secu¬
larized, or as a century of steam or of steam engine, and some even believed
it was a world of certainty . These attributes prove that our approach to 19th
century history is still based on Ranke s and Dilthey s weH-known opinion that
any epoch can be understood by analyzing its motive agents (bourgeoisie)
and discovering its spirit (such as that of seculamation). In the meantime, the
spirit of the time has changed and developed into better manageable and under¬
standable laws, processes and structures, but both of them make us seek general
ruling trends or factors, or
-
as Ranke s followers put it
-
draw attention
primarily to the description of fundamental changes;
i.e.,
focus on an analysis
of the transformation processes. This constituted and still constitutes the core
406
of that methodological approach suggesting an inevitable road of European
civilization leading to the Modern Era and ending with the emergence of
liberal civic society. As a result, this methodological approach concentrates
on describing the transformation process, or sometimes only those changes
that became generally established and that fundamentally influenced the shaping
of the future. Actually, this is a further development of the modernization
concept. And it is this concept that the present synthetic study sticks to.
New post-modern
historiographie
procedures mostly concentrate on dis¬
covering mentalities, inner stimulations, anthropological constants or gender
relations that have been of fundamental importance for the present day. Their
incorporation in the research leads thus to a sociologization and
anthropologization of history and to a warming up of the cold social struc¬
tures and of inevitable transformations. A combination of the modernis¬
tic and post-modernistic approaches constitutes today apparently the max¬
imum of conceptual and methodological instrumentation for writing
syntheses, and the present synthetic work is hoped to get as close to that as
possible.
The present work was unable and did not even intend to embrace all aspects
of historical reality. Like any other work of this type it shows what was con¬
sidered substantial and significant at the time in question or, as some say now,
tells (not only the historians community) which discourses prevailed. Like
any other synthesis also this one is characterized by what is missing here. Yet
the authors believe that their work contains not only time-dependent concepts
and ways of thinking, but also a time-independent dimension.
407
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| id | DE-604.BV041965420 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T16:58:56Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788072862078 |
| language | Czech |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-027408183 |
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| spellingShingle | Hlavačka, Milan 1955- České země v 19. století proměny společnosti v moderní době Práce Historického Ústavu AV ČR |
| title | České země v 19. století proměny společnosti v moderní době |
| title_auth | České země v 19. století proměny společnosti v moderní době |
| title_exact_search | České země v 19. století proměny společnosti v moderní době |
| title_full | České země v 19. století proměny společnosti v moderní době 1 Milan Hlavačka ... |
| title_fullStr | České země v 19. století proměny společnosti v moderní době 1 Milan Hlavačka ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | České země v 19. století proměny společnosti v moderní době 1 Milan Hlavačka ... |
| title_short | České země v 19. století |
| title_sort | ceske zeme v 19 stoleti promeny spolecnosti v moderni dobe |
| title_sub | proměny společnosti v moderní době |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027408183&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027408183&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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