Verfügbarkeit: Ecosystem dynamics | Technische Universität München

Ecosystem dynamics: from the past to the future

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Beteiligte Personen:	Bradshaw, Richard H. W. (VerfasserIn), Sykes, Martin T. (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Chichester Wiley Blackwell 2014
Ausgabe:	1. publ.
Schlagwörter:	Langzeitverhalten Ökosystem Erde
Links:	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027025805&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=027025805&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
Umfang:	X, 321 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt.
ISBN:	9781119970774 9781119970767

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Datensatz im Suchindex

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adam_text	From the past to the future Richard H.W. Bradshaw Saence: or Liverpool, U Martin T. Sykes Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Sweden This book examines terrestrial ecosystem dynamics from the past and into the future. Many ecosystems today are responding to the dual pressures of rapid climate change and intensified human impact and this analysis places these changes in a temporal context to show the past state of ecosystems and explore where they might be headed. A major theme is the dynamic interaction between human societies and ecosystem functioning and services. The book offers a special analysis of the cultural services provided by ecosystems through time. Data and insights from the last 10 000 years are used to place present-day ecosystem status into a temporal perspective and to test models that generate forecasts of future conditions. There are detailed descriptions of research tools such as ecosystem and biodimatic models, and the authors introduce the data used for the analysis of ecological processes past, present and future. Various types of future scenario are discussed and some sociological aspects are covered in addition to ecological and climatic issues. The analyses of trends in biodiversity highlight some emergent principles for conservation and generate suggestions of how to handle dynamic processes in land management. The book is authoritative but accessible and provides a useful background for undergraduate and postgraduate students of geography, geology, environmental sciences, conservation, ecology, biology and paleoecology, as well as practitioners and researchers interested in the balance between culture and nature and in future sustainable management of terrestrial ecosystems. Unique in its long timescale (last 10000 years), this text places modern ecosystems within a dynamic perspective Unites key aspects from bioscience and Earth science in an innovative and relevant manner Includes palaeodata—model comparisons to test the ecosystem models used to forecast future conditions Describes interactions between society and ecosystem functions and sen/ices Provides temporal analysis of ecosystem services to generate insight into future sustainable management of terrestrial ecosystems Describes the implications of ecosystem dynamics for conservation biology Full colour throughout, including maps, tables, figures and photographs Global case studies Comoanion Web lite ■■ - X f ■ ■ :(■/ ΐ^ ϊ:. ■■ ■ ■■•і·-; ■ ■ ■■ ■■ ■: -: ■ .. vi.- : - ).:■? :- : ■■■.. ■.■• ■•- ιν -,■.. Acknowledgements About the companion website IX X1 1 Where Are We and How Did We Arrive Here? 1.1 Why this book? 1.2 Ecosystems in crisis 1.3 Relevance of the past 1.4 Forecasting the future 1.5 Chapter details and logic 1.6 For whom is the book intended? 1.7 Four key questions and the links to poLicy 1 1 2 5 7 9 12 13 ä. 2.1 2.3 г Ой; 4.A How did these models develop? Climate data, climate and earth system models round ecosystem, vegetation and species models Vegetation models Species-level modelling Equilibrium physiologically-based modelling of species Statistical equilibrium modelling of species Some uncertainties and assumptions that apply generally to bioclimatic models Models of intermediate complexity Biogeochemistry integrated into equilibrium biome models Integrating biome and NPP models k modelling Local to landscape scales; forest gap modelling Regional to global scales: dynamic global vegetation modelling ating models Earth system models Integrated assessment models Agent-based models •r readino 15 15 16 аб 18 18 25 27 ЗО 31 32 33 35 36 36 38 44 44 45 48 48 vs CONTENTS 3 Data 49 3.1 Introduction 49 3.2 Which data are relevant? 50 3.3 Ecosystem dynamics: direct observation 51 3.3.1 Phenology 51 3.3.2 Biological monitoring 53 3.4 Ecosystem dynamics: indirect measurement or proxy data 56 3.4.1 Historical ecology 57 3.4.2 Palaeoecotogy 58 3.4.3 Pollen analysis 60 3.4.4 Charcoal and fire scars 63 3.5 Drivers of ecosystem dynamics 67 3.5.1 Paiaeoclimates and greenhouse gases 67 3.5.2 Human impact on ecosystem dynamics 69 3.6 Databases 70 3.7 Gaps in available data and approaches 70 4 Climate Change and Millennial Ecosystem Dynamics: A Complex Relationship 73 4.1 Introduction 73 4.2 Reconstructing climate from biological data 74 4.3 The very Long records of vegetation dynamics 78 4.4 Holocene records 81 4.5 Modelling of Holocene vegetation dynamics to help understand pollen data 83 4.5.1 Climate or peopLe? The Tilia-Fogus transition in Draved Forest, Denmark 86 4.5.2 Climate or migration biology? The late-Holocene spread of Picea into southern Fennoscandia 87 4.5.3 Fogus in Europe 91 4.6 Simulating Fennoscandian Holocene forest dynamics 94 4.6.1 Holocene dynamics of the Sahara 98 4.7 Climate and megafaunal extinction 101 4.7.1 Recent range shifts 103 4.8 So how important is climate change for future millennial ecosystem dynamics? 103 5 The Role of Episodic Events in Millennial Ecosystem Dynamics: Where the Wild Strawberries Grow 109 5.1 Introduction 109 5.2 Fire 115 5.2.1 Past to present fire 116 5.2.2 Present to future fire 121 5.2.3 Modelling fire 121 5.2.4 Modelling ignition 122 5.2.5 Modelling fire spread 124 5.2.6 Data-model comparison 128 5.3 Forest pathogens during the Holocene 131 5.4 Hurricanes and wind damage 135 5.5 Conclusion 139 6 The Impact of Past and Future Human Exploitation on Terrestrial Ecosystem Dynamics 141 6.1 Introduction 141 CONTENTS v« 6.2 Oenmark: case study of human impact during the Hoiocene 146 6.3 Islands: sensitive indicators of human impact 152 6.4 Human influence on Mediterranean, temperate and boreal forests 157 6.5 The tropics 163 6.6 Spatial upscaling of the timing and ecosystem consequences of human impact 164 ЖКбптзі Ecosystem Dynamics and The - Relationship to Ecosystem Servíais: Le; І à Λ d ї іхШГЄ 173 ■..: . .■ ■ ■ - -■■ ■ ■ ,- ■ -j у ■■■< 11 lAl ssïis ■Нслхюг) 176 ■ .ill P:ov:Sii/nir:çi services 176 /-Г:.·- ¡Ïi-qüiSÏ i:;; services 177 Ι-ί,ϊ llj .íura: ser-ices 177 •-15. ι How dk- we ges here? A palasű pe speet- vy 181 ■13,,.: Picví^coinq services in che past 182 ľ 1.3 Regulating services in the past 185 Ví Λ Cultues!, ѕе-лсеѕ γρ. the past 189 АЗ,:: Supporting senAceí A; lhe pest 190 As ecosystem cprvk.es ?nd the future 193 cl ReUtuig the ¡Гіі .Ті -Ї.йГ апсє :.А biodiversity *cv ecosvsíen service provision 19? Al Scenarios or posrbi« fututes: some différent approaches 197 Afeli IFCC Special repen: on errnss;on scenarios 199 7.0.2 MEA seccano:; 201 7.0.3 ALARM scenarios 203 7.7.1 ИЕА sceoönos 204 7.7.2 SRfS sceiìarios 205 7,73 ALARM ѕсепгтоѕ 207 8 Cultural Ecosystem Services 211 8.1 Introduction 211 8.2 Sacred sites and species 212 8.2.1 Some examples from around the globe 214 8.3 Cultural landscapes: biodiverse relicts of former land use systems 219 8.4 Hunting as a cultural ecosystem service 221 9 Conservation 225 9.1 Conservation as we know it 225 9.2 Knowledge of the past: reLevance for conservation 228 9.2.1 Fire history, conservation and ecosystem restoration 229 9.2.2 Ecosystem restoration 234 9.2.3 The wood pasture debate 235 9.2.4 Reference states or baselines? 237 9.3 Conservation in practice: protected areas (Natura 2000) 242 9.4 Conservation and a Lie η or invasive species 244 9.4.1 Alien species, climate change and conservation 248 9.5 Global change, biodiversity and conservation in the future 253 9.5.1 The Convention on biological diversity 254 9.5.2 Atlas of biodiversity risk 255 9.6 Conclusion 257 Viu CONTENTS 10 Where Are We Headed? 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Emergent themes and important underlying concepts 10.2.1 How have ecosystems changed in the past? 10.2.2 How much of this change is attributable to human activities? 10.2.3 How much change is anticipated for the future? 10.2.4 What are the appropriate ecosystem management measures by which to prepare for the future? References Glossary Index 259 259 262 262 263 264 265 271 297 311
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title	Ecosystem dynamics from the past to the future
title_auth	Ecosystem dynamics from the past to the future
title_exact_search	Ecosystem dynamics from the past to the future
title_full	Ecosystem dynamics from the past to the future Richard H. W. Bradshaw ; Martin T. Sykes
title_fullStr	Ecosystem dynamics from the past to the future Richard H. W. Bradshaw ; Martin T. Sykes
title_full_unstemmed	Ecosystem dynamics from the past to the future Richard H. W. Bradshaw ; Martin T. Sykes
title_short	Ecosystem dynamics
title_sort	ecosystem dynamics from the past to the future
title_sub	from the past to the future
topic	Langzeitverhalten (DE-588)4120653-8 gnd Ökosystem (DE-588)4043216-6 gnd
topic_facet	Langzeitverhalten Ökosystem Erde
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