The Geography of International Investment:
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Electronic eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Washington, D.C
The World Bank
1999
|
| Subjects: | |
| Links: | http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/workingpaper/10.1596/1813-9450-2338 |
| Item Description: | Weitere Ausgabe: Venables, Anthony: The Geography of International Investment |
| Physical Description: | 1 Online-Ressource (34 Seiten) |
Staff View
MARC
| LEADER | 00000nam a2200000 c 4500 | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 001 | BV040616977 | ||
| 003 | DE-604 | ||
| 005 | 20250130 | ||
| 007 | cr|uuu---uuuuu | ||
| 008 | 121206s1999 xxu o|||| 00||| eng d | ||
| 035 | |a (ZDB-1-WBA)09320924X | ||
| 035 | |a (OCoLC)874226192 | ||
| 035 | |a (DE-599)GBVNLM005445396 | ||
| 040 | |a DE-604 |b ger |e aacr | ||
| 041 | 0 | |a eng | |
| 044 | |a xxu |c XD-US | ||
| 049 | |a DE-12 |a DE-1102 |a DE-1051 |a DE-521 |a DE-863 |a DE-862 |a DE-522 |a DE-858 |a DE-573 |a DE-860 |a DE-1046 |a DE-1047 |a DE-Aug4 |a DE-2070s |a DE-M347 |a DE-1049 |a DE-898 |a DE-128 |a DE-M352 |a DE-70 |a DE-92 |a DE-150 |a DE-155 |a DE-22 |a DE-91 |a DE-384 |a DE-473 |a DE-19 |a DE-739 |a DE-20 |a DE-703 |a DE-706 |a DE-355 |a DE-29 |a DE-859 |a DE-Re13 |a DE-523 | ||
| 100 | 1 | |a Venables, Anthony |d 1953- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)114991588 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The Geography of International Investment |c Venables, Anthony |
| 264 | 1 | |a Washington, D.C |b The World Bank |c 1999 | |
| 300 | |a 1 Online-Ressource (34 Seiten) | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b c |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b cr |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Weitere Ausgabe: Venables, Anthony: The Geography of International Investment | ||
| 520 | 1 | |a May 2000 - Multinationals have become increasingly important to the world economy. Overseas production by U.S. affiliates is three times U.S. exports, for example. Who is investing where, for sales where? Much foreign direct investment is between high-income countries, but investment in some developing and transition regions, while still modest, grew rapidly in the 1990s. Adjusting for market size, much investment stays close to home; adjusting for distance, much heads toward the countries with the biggest markets. Foreign direct investment is more geographically concentrated than either exports or production. Thus U.S. affiliate production in Europe is 7 times U.S. exports to Europe; that ratio drops to 4 for all industrial countries and to 1.6 for developing countries. Multinational activity in high-income countries is overwhelmingly horizontal, involving production for sale to the host country market. In developing countries, a greater proportion of multinational activity is vertical, involving manufacturing at intermediate stages of production. Thus only 4 percent of U.S. affiliate production in the European Union is sold back to the United States, whereas for developing countries the figure is 18 percent, rising to 40 percent for Mexico. Similarly, less than 10 percent of Japan's affiliate production in the EU is sold back to Japan, compared with more than 20 percent in developing countries. In models of horizontal activity, the decision to go multinational is a tradeoff between the additional fixed costs involved in setting up a new plant and the savings in variable costs (transport costs and tariffs) on exports. In models of vertical activity, direct investment is motivated by differences in factor costs. | |
| 520 | 1 | |a [Fortsetzung 1. Abstract] Tariffs and transport costs both encourage vertical multinational activity (by magnifying differences in factor prices) and discourage it (by making trade between headquarters and an affiliate more expensive). The major outward investors carry out much horizontal investment in large markets. For U.S. investors, this means Europe, especially the United Kingdom; for Japan and Europe, it means the United States. Most EU investments, however, stay within the EU. The major outward investors carry out much of their vertical investment closer to home: the United States, in Mexico; the EU, in Central and Eastern Europe; Japan, in Asia. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the location of economic activity. Anthony J. Venables may be contacted at a.j.venables@lse.ac.uk | |
| 534 | |c 1999 | ||
| 653 | |a Debt Markets | ||
| 653 | |a Development | ||
| 653 | |a Economic Geography | ||
| 653 | |a Economic Size | ||
| 653 | |a Economic Theory and Research | ||
| 653 | |a Emerging Markets | ||
| 653 | |a Exports | ||
| 653 | |a Externalities | ||
| 653 | |a Finance and Financial Sector Development | ||
| 653 | |a Financial Literacy | ||
| 653 | |a Fixed Costs | ||
| 653 | |a Foreign Direct Investment | ||
| 653 | |a GDP | ||
| 653 | |a Goods | ||
| 653 | |a Income | ||
| 653 | |a Industrial Economies | ||
| 653 | |a Inputs | ||
| 653 | |a International Economics & Trade | ||
| 653 | |a Investment | ||
| 653 | |a Investment and Investment Climate | ||
| 653 | |a Labor Policies | ||
| 653 | |a Macroeconomics and Economic Growth | ||
| 653 | |a Markets | ||
| 653 | |a Mergers | ||
| 653 | |a Non Bank Financial Institutions | ||
| 653 | |a Private Sector Development | ||
| 653 | |a Production | ||
| 653 | |a Social Protections and Labor | ||
| 653 | |a Theory | ||
| 653 | |a Trade | ||
| 653 | |a Trade and Regional Integration | ||
| 653 | |a Transition Economies | ||
| 653 | |a Transport | ||
| 653 | |a Transport Economics, Policy and Planning | ||
| 653 | |a Value | ||
| 653 | |a Variable Costs | ||
| 700 | 1 | |a Shatz, Howard J. |d 1960- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)128513357 |4 aut | |
| 776 | 0 | 8 | |i Reproduktion von |a Venables, Anthony |t The Geography of International Investment |d 1999 |
| 856 | 4 | 0 | |u http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/workingpaper/10.1596/1813-9450-2338 |x Verlag |z URL des Erstveröffentlichers |3 Volltext |
| 912 | |a ZDB-1-WBA | ||
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025444476 | |
Record in the Search Index
| DE-BY-TUM_katkey | 1899393 |
|---|---|
| _version_ | 1822720637916938240 |
| adam_text | |
| any_adam_object | |
| author | Venables, Anthony 1953- Shatz, Howard J. 1960- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)114991588 (DE-588)128513357 |
| author_facet | Venables, Anthony 1953- Shatz, Howard J. 1960- |
| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Venables, Anthony 1953- |
| author_variant | a v av h j s hj hjs |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV040616977 |
| collection | ZDB-1-WBA |
| ctrlnum | (ZDB-1-WBA)09320924X (OCoLC)874226192 (DE-599)GBVNLM005445396 |
| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| format | Electronic eBook |
| fullrecord | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>00000nam a2200000 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV040616977</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20250130</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr|uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">121206s1999 xxu o|||| 00||| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(ZDB-1-WBA)09320924X</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)874226192</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)GBVNLM005445396</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">aacr</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="044" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">xxu</subfield><subfield code="c">XD-US</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-12</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1102</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1051</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-521</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-863</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-862</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-522</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-858</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-573</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-860</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1046</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1047</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-Aug4</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-2070s</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-M347</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-1049</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-898</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-128</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-M352</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-70</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-92</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-150</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-155</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-22</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-91</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-384</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-473</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-19</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-739</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-20</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-703</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-706</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-355</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-29</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-859</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-Re13</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-523</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Venables, Anthony</subfield><subfield code="d">1953-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)114991588</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">The Geography of International Investment</subfield><subfield code="c">Venables, Anthony</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Washington, D.C</subfield><subfield code="b">The World Bank</subfield><subfield code="c">1999</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">1 Online-Ressource (34 Seiten)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="500" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Weitere Ausgabe: Venables, Anthony: The Geography of International Investment</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">May 2000 - Multinationals have become increasingly important to the world economy. Overseas production by U.S. affiliates is three times U.S. exports, for example. Who is investing where, for sales where? Much foreign direct investment is between high-income countries, but investment in some developing and transition regions, while still modest, grew rapidly in the 1990s. Adjusting for market size, much investment stays close to home; adjusting for distance, much heads toward the countries with the biggest markets. Foreign direct investment is more geographically concentrated than either exports or production. Thus U.S. affiliate production in Europe is 7 times U.S. exports to Europe; that ratio drops to 4 for all industrial countries and to 1.6 for developing countries. Multinational activity in high-income countries is overwhelmingly horizontal, involving production for sale to the host country market. In developing countries, a greater proportion of multinational activity is vertical, involving manufacturing at intermediate stages of production. Thus only 4 percent of U.S. affiliate production in the European Union is sold back to the United States, whereas for developing countries the figure is 18 percent, rising to 40 percent for Mexico. Similarly, less than 10 percent of Japan's affiliate production in the EU is sold back to Japan, compared with more than 20 percent in developing countries. In models of horizontal activity, the decision to go multinational is a tradeoff between the additional fixed costs involved in setting up a new plant and the savings in variable costs (transport costs and tariffs) on exports. In models of vertical activity, direct investment is motivated by differences in factor costs.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">[Fortsetzung 1. Abstract] Tariffs and transport costs both encourage vertical multinational activity (by magnifying differences in factor prices) and discourage it (by making trade between headquarters and an affiliate more expensive). The major outward investors carry out much horizontal investment in large markets. For U.S. investors, this means Europe, especially the United Kingdom; for Japan and Europe, it means the United States. Most EU investments, however, stay within the EU. The major outward investors carry out much of their vertical investment closer to home: the United States, in Mexico; the EU, in Central and Eastern Europe; Japan, in Asia. This paper - a product of Trade, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the location of economic activity. Anthony J. Venables may be contacted at a.j.venables@lse.ac.uk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="534" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="c">1999</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Debt Markets</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Development</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Economic Geography</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Economic Size</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Economic Theory and Research</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Emerging Markets</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Exports</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Externalities</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Finance and Financial Sector Development</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Financial Literacy</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Fixed Costs</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Foreign Direct Investment</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GDP</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Goods</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Income</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Industrial Economies</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Inputs</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">International Economics & Trade</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Investment</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Investment and Investment Climate</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Labor Policies</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Macroeconomics and Economic Growth</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Markets</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Mergers</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Non Bank Financial Institutions</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Private Sector Development</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Production</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Social Protections and Labor</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Theory</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Trade</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Trade and Regional Integration</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Transition Economies</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Transport</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Transport Economics, Policy and Planning</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Value</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Variable Costs</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Shatz, Howard J.</subfield><subfield code="d">1960-</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)128513357</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="776" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">Reproduktion von</subfield><subfield code="a">Venables, Anthony</subfield><subfield code="t">The Geography of International Investment</subfield><subfield code="d">1999</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/workingpaper/10.1596/1813-9450-2338</subfield><subfield code="x">Verlag</subfield><subfield code="z">URL des Erstveröffentlichers</subfield><subfield code="3">Volltext</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">ZDB-1-WBA</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025444476</subfield></datafield></record></collection> |
| id | DE-604.BV040616977 |
| illustrated | Not Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-30T15:01:04Z |
| institution | BVB |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025444476 |
| oclc_num | 874226192 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-1102 DE-1051 DE-521 DE-863 DE-BY-FWS DE-862 DE-BY-FWS DE-522 DE-858 DE-573 DE-860 DE-1046 DE-1047 DE-Aug4 DE-2070s DE-M347 DE-1049 DE-898 DE-BY-UBR DE-128 DE-M352 DE-70 DE-92 DE-150 DE-155 DE-BY-UBR DE-22 DE-BY-UBG DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-384 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-739 DE-20 DE-703 DE-706 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-29 DE-859 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-523 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-1102 DE-1051 DE-521 DE-863 DE-BY-FWS DE-862 DE-BY-FWS DE-522 DE-858 DE-573 DE-860 DE-1046 DE-1047 DE-Aug4 DE-2070s DE-M347 DE-1049 DE-898 DE-BY-UBR DE-128 DE-M352 DE-70 DE-92 DE-150 DE-155 DE-BY-UBR DE-22 DE-BY-UBG DE-91 DE-BY-TUM DE-384 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-739 DE-20 DE-703 DE-706 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-29 DE-859 DE-Re13 DE-BY-UBR DE-523 |
| physical | 1 Online-Ressource (34 Seiten) |
| psigel | ZDB-1-WBA |
| publishDate | 1999 |
| publishDateSearch | 1999 |
| publishDateSort | 1999 |
| publisher | The World Bank |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Venables, Anthony 1953- Shatz, Howard J. 1960- The Geography of International Investment |
| title | The Geography of International Investment |
| title_auth | The Geography of International Investment |
| title_exact_search | The Geography of International Investment |
| title_full | The Geography of International Investment Venables, Anthony |
| title_fullStr | The Geography of International Investment Venables, Anthony |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Geography of International Investment Venables, Anthony |
| title_short | The Geography of International Investment |
| title_sort | the geography of international investment |
| url | http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/workingpaper/10.1596/1813-9450-2338 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT venablesanthony thegeographyofinternationalinvestment AT shatzhowardj thegeographyofinternationalinvestment |