The sporting exception in European Union law:
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
The Hague
Asser
2008
|
| Series: | Asser international sports law series
|
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025333775&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Physical Description: | XIX, 295 S. |
| ISBN: | 9789067042628 |
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MARC
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | IMAGE 1
XIII
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SUMMARY OF CONTENTS V
FOREWORD BY STEPHEN WEATHERILL VII
PREFACE IX
ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS XIX
CHAPTER 1 IS SPORT SPECIAL? 1
1.1. SPECIFICITY OF SPORTING ACTIVITIES AND RULES 2
1.1.1. MUTUAL INTERDEPENDENCE AND THE NEED FOR CO-ORDINATED ACTION 2
1.1.2. COMPETITIVE BALANCE 3
1.1.3. ENSURING THE REGULARITY AND PROPER FUNCTIONING OF COMPETITIONS 6
1.1.4. ENCOURAGING THE TRAINING AND EDUCATION OF YOUNG PLAYERS 7
1.1.5. PROMOTING STADIUM ATTENDANCE AND PARTICIPATION AT ALL LEVELS 8
1.1.6. PROTECTION OF NATIONAL TEAMS 9
1.1.7. ENSURING THE INTEGRITY OF COMPETITION 9
1.1.8. CONNECTING WITH LOCAL COMMUNITIES 10
1.2. SPECIFICITY OF THE SPORT STRUCTURE 10
1.2.1. IS SPORT A PRIVATE MATTER? 10
1.2.2. SELF REGULATION IS EFFECTIVE, EFFICIENT AND ECONOMICAL 13
1.2.3. THE INTERNALISATION OF SPORTS LAW 14
1.2.4. THE EUROPEAN MODEL OF SPORT 17
1.2.5. THE AMERICANISATION OF THE EUROPEAN MODEL 20
1.2.6. ANTITRUST AND SPORT: LESSONS FROM THE US EXPERIENCE 22
1.3. CONCLUSIONS 24
CHAPTER 2 EU SPORTS POLICY 25
2.1. THE EU INSTITUTIONS AND SPORT 26
2.2. SPORT AS A VEHICLE FOR EUROPEAN INTEGRATION 29
2.3. RECONCILING SPORTING RULES WITH COMMUNITY LAW 33
2.3.1. THE AMSTERDAM DECLARATION ON SPORT 1997 34
2.3.2. THE HELSINKI REPORT ON SPORT 1999 36
2.3.3. THE NICE DECLARATION ON SPORT 2000 37
2.3.4. SPORT AND CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM 38
2.3.5. THE INDEPENDENT EUROPEAN SPORTS REVIEW 2006 40
2.3.6. THE WHITE PAPER ON SPORT 42
2.3.7. SOCIAL DIALOGUE 46
2.4. CONCLUSIONS 49
CHAPTER 3 EC FREE MOVEMENT LAW 53
3.1. GENERAL ASPECTS OF THE FUNDAMENTAL FREEDOMS 53
3.1.1. NON-DISCRIMINATION 53
IMAGE 2
X IV TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.1.2. DIRECT EFFECT 54
3.1.3. DIRECT EFFECT AND DIRECTIVES 55
3.1.4. THE ECONOMIC TEST 56
3.1.5. THE TERRITORIAL TEST 57
3.2. FROM DISCRIMINATION TO OBSTACLES 58
3.2.1. DISCRIMINATION IN THE TREATY TEXT 58
3.2.2. RESTRICTIONS , OBSTACLES AND HINDRANCES 59
3.2.3. SUBSTANTIAL HINDRANCE 60
3.2.4. CITIZENSHIP AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 61
3.2.5. CITIZENSHIP RIGHTS IN CONTEXT 62
3.3. JUSTIFYING RESTRICTIONS TO FREE MOVEMENT 63
3.3.1. TREATY DEROGATIONS 63
3.3.2. LIMITS TO DEROGATIONS 64
3.3.3. OBJECTIVE JUSTIFICATION 65
3.3.4. CATEGORIES OF OBJECTIVE JUSTIFICATION 65
3.4. MODERN TRENDS IN FREE MOVEMENT 66
3.4.1. BETTER REGULATION? 66
3.4.2. MUTUAL RECOGNITION AND HOME STATE REGULATION 67
3.4.3. CONVERGENCE WITHIN FREE MOVEMENT 68
3.4.4. CONVERGENCE BETWEEN FREE MOVEMENT AND COMPETITION 69
3.5. CONCLUSIONS 70
CHAPTER 4 THE SPORTING EXCEPTION: FORM AND SUBSTANCE 73
4.1. THE WALRAVE ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK 73
4.1.1. NON-ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AND NATIONAL TEAM SPORTS 73
4.1.2. PURELY SPORTING RULES WITH NOTHING TO DO WITH ECONOMIC
ACTIVITY 74 4.1.3. A NARROW EXCEPTION: THE REPRESENTATIVE CHARACTER OF
NATIONAL TEAMS 74 4.1.4. PURELY SPORTING MOTIVES AS PROPORTIONALITY
LIMITS 75
4.1.5. WALRAVE DISTINGUISHED FROM KECK 76
4.1.6. WALRAVE AS OBJECTIVE JUSTIFICATION 76
4.1.7. WALRAVE AS A DEROGATION 77
4.1.8. OBJECTIVE JUSTIFICATION AND PERSONAL ATTRIBUTES 77
4.1.9. CONSEQUENCES OF WALRAVE ON COMPETENCES 78
4.2. THE EVOLUTIONARY CONTEXT OF THE SPORTING EXCEPTION 78
4.2.1. DIRECT EFFECT 78
4.2.2. SUBSTANTIVE SCOPE OF FREE MOVEMENT 79
4.2.3. HISTORICAL COMMUNITY COMPETENCES AND ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 80
4.2.4. WALRAVE AND MODERN COMPETENCES 81
4.2.5. WALRAVE AS AN EXPANSION OF EC COMPETENCE 81
4.2.6. ECONOMIC MOTIVES OF PURELY SPORTING RULES? 82
4.3. THE SPORTING EXCEPTION IN DONA 83
4.3.1. RETREAT FROM WALRAVEL 84
4.3.2. ADVOCATE GENERAL TRABUCCHI IN DONA: A BROAD SPORTING EXCEPTION ?
85 4.4. BOSNIAN 86
4.4.1. THE ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK IN BOSMAN 86
4.4.2. FROM EXCEPTION TO JUSTIFICATION 87
4.4.3. BOSMAN OBJECTIVE JUSTIFICATION 88
4.4.4. CONCLUSIONS ON BOSMAN 89
4.5 DELIEGE 89
4.5.1. RESTRICTION 90
4.5.2. INHERENCY 90
4.5.3. ECONOMIC DIMENSION 91
IMAGE 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS XV
4.6. LEHTONEN 92
4.6.1. THE ESSENTIAL PURPOSE TEST 92
4.6.2. OBJECTIVE JUSTIFICATION 92
4.7. KOLPAK AND SIMUTENKOV 93
4.7.1. DIRECT EFFECT OF ACCESSION AGREEMENTS 93
4.7.2. PROPORTIONALITY AND OBJECTIVE JUSTIFICATION 94
4.7.3. DIRECT DISCRIMINATION AND OBJECTIVE JUSTIFICATION 94
4.7.4. SIMUTENKOV 95
4.7.5. MODERN FREE MOVEMENT AND SPORTING RULES 95
4.8. MECA-MEDINA 96
4.8.1. THE COURT OF FIRST INSTANCE 96
4.8.2. SPORT IS SUBJECT TO COMMUNITY LAW 98
4.8.3. CONCLUSIONS ON MECA-MEDINA 99
4.9. PROSPECTS FOR THE SPORTING EXCEPTION 100
4.9.1. ECONOMIC ACTIVITY AND PURELY SPORTING MOTIVES 100
4.9.2. OBJECTIVE JUSTIFICATION AND INHERENCY 101
4.9.3. SPORT AS A CITIZEN S RIGHT 101
CHAPTER 5 EC COMPETITION LAW AND SPORT 103
5.1. THE SCOPE OF COMPETITION LAW 103
5.1.1. SECTORAL EXEMPTIONS 103
5.1.2. INHERENT RULES 104
5.2. THE SPORTING EXCEPTION AND COMPETITION LAW 105
5.2.1. FITTING SPORT INTO THE ORDINARY FRAMEWORK 105
5.2.2. MECA-MEDINA 105
5.2.3. CASE-BY-CASE ANALYSIS 106
5.2.4. PURELY SPORTING RULES 106
5.2.5. STATE INTERVENTION 107
5.3. THE FRAMEWORK OF EC COMPETITION LAW 107
5.3.1. OBJECTIVES OF COMPETITION LAW 107
5.3.2. EXEMPTIONS: ARTICLE 81(3) 108
5.3.3. RULES OF REASON? 109
5.3.4. ENFORCEMENT 109
5.4. DEFINING COMPETITION 110
5.4.1. UNDERTAKINGS AND WALRAVE PARAGRAPH 4 110
5.4.2. COLLECTIVE BARGAINING 111
5.4.3. PURELY SPORTING MOTIVES 112
5.4.4. PUBLIC AND PRIVATE REGULATORS 113
5.5. SCOPE OF COMPETITION LAW: EFFECT ON TRADE 113
5.5.1. MARKET DEFINITION 114
5.5.2. DEFINING PRODUCT MARKETS 115
5.5.3. PRODUCT MARKET SEGMENTATION 116
5.5.4. GEOGRAPHIC MARKET 117
5.5.5. TEMPORAL MARKETS 118
5.6. RESTRICTIONS OF COMPETITION 118
5.6.1. OBJECT OR EFFECT 119
5.6.2. CONTEXTUAL APPROACH: DEFINING RESTRICTIONS 119
5.6.3. INCIDENTAL RESTRICTIVE EFFECTS 120
5.6.4. RULES OF REASON 121
5.6.5. WOUTERS NATIONAL POLICY REQUIREMENTS AND INHERENCY 121
5.6.6. INHERENCY AS OBJECTIVE JUSTIFICATION 122
IMAGE 4
X VI TABLE OF CONTENTS
5.6.7. INHERENCY AND WALRAVE PARAGRAPH 8. 123
5.6.8. JUSTIFICATORY REGIME UNDER ARTICLE 81(3). 124
5.7. ABUSE OF A DOMINANT POSITION 125
5.7.1. DOMINANCE 125
5.7.2. ABUSE 125
5.7.3. SPORTS GOVERNING BODIES AS DOMINANT UNDERTAKINGS 126
5.8. COMMISSION ASSESSMENT OF COMPETITION ISSUES IN SPORT 127
5.8.1. SIGNIFICANCE OF DOMINANCE 127
5.8.2. ESSENTIAL FACILITIES 127
5.9. PROMOTING LEGAL CERTAINTY 128
5.9.1. BLOCK EXEMPTION 129
5.9.2. HARD-CORE RESTRICTIONS 129
5.9.3. CATEGORIES OF BLOCK EXEMPTION 130
5.9.4. NO IMMINENT BLOCK EXEMPTION 130
5.10. MERGERS 131
5.11. THE STATE AND COMPETITION 131
5.11.1. ANTICOMPETITIVE STATE ACTION 131
5.11.2. ARTICLE 86 AND SERVICES OF GENERAL ECONOMIC INTEREST 132
5.11.3. DEFINING SERVICES OF GENERAL ECONOMIC INTEREST 133
5.11.4. SPORT AS A SERVICE OF GENERAL ECONOMIC INTEREST 133
5.11.5. STATE AID 134
5.11.6. BLOCK EXEMPTIONS FOR STATE AID 135
5.11.7. STATE AID AND SPORT 136
5.11.8. COMMISSION PRACTICE IN STATE AID 137
5.12. COMMISSION ENFORCEMENT PRACTICE 137
5.12.1. PERMISSIBLE RULES 137
5.12.2. PROHIBITED RULES AND REMAINING UNCERTAINTIES 138
5.12.3. DIVERGENCES BETWEEN COMMISSION PRACTICE AND ECJ JUDGMENTS 139
5.13. CONCLUSIONS 140
5.13.1. SPORT FITS INTO THE ORDINARY FRAMEWORK 140
5.13.2. SETTLEMENTS CAUSE UNCERTAINTY 141
5.13.3. EU ACTION INCREASES COHERENCY 141
5.13.4. TYPOLOGY OF JUSTIFICATION 142
CHAPTER 6 SPORTS BROADCASTING IN COMMUNITY LAW 143
6.1. PRICING BROADCASTING RIGHTS 143
6.1.1. IMPEDIMENTS TO COMMERCIALISATION 144
6.1.2. CONSEQUENCES OF BROADCAST RIGHTS PRICING 145
6.2. COLLECTIVE SELLING AND EXCLUSIVITY 146
6.2.1. EXCLUSIVITY 146
6.2.2. COLLECTIVE SELLING: THE BENEFITS 147
6.2.3. THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION S APPROACH TO CENTRAL SELLING 149 6.2.4.
CRITICISMS OF THE COMMISSION S APPROACH 151
6.2.5. COLLECTIVE SELLING IN NATIONAL LAW 155
6.3. THE PURCHASE OF BROADCASTING RIGHTS 156
6.4. BLOCKING RULES 157
6.5. ACCESS TO MAJOR SPORTING EVENTS ON TELEVISION 160
6.5.1. ARGUMENTS IN SUPPORT OF ARTICLE 3A 161
6.5.2. ARGUMENTS AGAINST ARTICLE 3A 163
6.5.3. JUDICIAL SCRUTINY OF ARTICLE 3A 164
6.5.4. RIGHT TO SHORT REPORTING 167
6.6. CONCLUSIONS 168
IMAGE 5
TABLE OF CONTENTS X V II
CHAPTER 7 THE EUROPEAN LABOUR MARKET FOR PROFESSIONL PLAYERS 171
7.1. THE TRANSFER OF PLAYERS 171
7.1.1. THE BOSMAN JUDGMENT 173
7.1.2. REMODELING THE TRANSFER SYSTEM 175
7.1.3. THE PROTECTION OF MINORS 179
7.1.4. TRAINING COMPENSATION FOR YOUNG PLAYERS 180
7.1.5. MAINTENANCE OF CONTRACTUAL STABILITY 184
7.1.6. TRANSFER WINDOWS 188
7.1.7. THIRD PARTY INFLUENCE ON PLAYER MOBILITY 190
7.2. NATIONALITY RESTRICTIONS 190
7.2.1. THE RIGHTS OF THIRD COUNTRY NATIONALS 193
7.2.2. HOME-GROWN PLAYERS 196
7.2.3. THE RIGHTS OF AMATEUR PLAYERS 202
7.3. CONCLUSIONS 203
CHAPTER 8 LEGAL ISSUES IN THE GOVERNANCE OF SPORT 205
8.1. STRUCTURING THE PRODUCT MARKET 206
8.1.1. PROMOTION AND RELEGATION 207
8.1.2. HOME AND AWAY RULE 208
8.1.3. CLUB RELOCATION 209
8.1.4. A BREAKAWAY EUROPEAN SUPER-LEAGUE 211
8.1.5. ACCESS TO COMPETITIONS 216
8.1.6. LEAGUE ORGANISATION AND CLUBS AS SERVICE PROVIDERS 216
8.1.7. CLUB OWNERSHIP 217
8.1.8. CLUB LICENSING 218
8.2. REGULATING PLAYERS PAY AND RELEASE CONDITIONS 219
8.2.1. SALARY CAPS 219
8.2.2. PLAYER RELEASE 223
8.3. REGULATING PLAYERS AGENTS 227
8.4. CONCLUSIONS 231
CHAPTER 9 CONCLUSIONS 233
9. 1 . THE BIRTH OF THE SPORTING EXCEPTION 233
9.2. THE CURRENT FRAMEWORK 233
9.2.1. SCOPE OF THE SPORTING EXCEPTION 233
9.2.2. RESTRICTIONS, OBJECTIVE JUSTIFICATION, AND INHERENT RULES 234
9.2.3. PURELY SPORTING RULES AND PROPORTIONALITY 234
9.2.4. COMPETITION LAW 235
9.2.5. THE STATE, COMPETITION AND SPORT 236
9.2.6. CONVERGENCE THEORIES AND SPORT 237
9.3. LEGAL QUESTIONS ARISING FROM THE SPORTING EXCEPTION 237
9.4. REMAINING POLICY ISSUES 238
9.5. ANALYSIS OF SPORTING RULES 239
9.6. PROSPECTS FOR SPORT WITHIN THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK 239
9.6.1. WHITE PAPER ON SPORT 239
9.6.2. REFORM TREATY 241
9.6.3. SERVICES OF GENERAL ECONOMIC INTEREST 241
9.6.4. SOCIAL DIALOGUE 241
9.6.5. BLOCK EXEMPTION 242
IMAGE 6
X V I II TABLE OF CONTENTS
9.7. AREAS OF REMAINING UNCERTAINTY 242
BIBLIOGRAPHY 245
ANNEX
EEC WHITE PAPER ON SPORT 255
TABLE OF EC LEGISLATION 273
TABLE OF CASES 279
INDEX 285
|
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| indexdate | 2024-12-20T16:15:57Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789067042628 |
| language | English |
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| series2 | Asser international sports law series |
| spellingShingle | Parrish, Richard Miettinen, Samuli The sporting exception in European Union law |
| title | The sporting exception in European Union law |
| title_auth | The sporting exception in European Union law |
| title_exact_search | The sporting exception in European Union law |
| title_full | The sporting exception in European Union law by Richard Parrish and Samuli Miettinen |
| title_fullStr | The sporting exception in European Union law by Richard Parrish and Samuli Miettinen |
| title_full_unstemmed | The sporting exception in European Union law by Richard Parrish and Samuli Miettinen |
| title_short | The sporting exception in European Union law |
| title_sort | the sporting exception in european union law |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025333775&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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