Druga wojna domowa w Polsce: z dziejów polityczno-wojskowych Rzeczypospolitej u schyłku rządów Jana Kazimierza Wazy
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polnisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Warszawa
Wydawnictwo Neriton
2011
|
| Ausgabe: | Wyd. 1. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Prace Instytutu Historycznego UW
|
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025181852&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025181852&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache u.d.T.: A second civil war in Poland |
| Umfang: | 374, [2] s., [8] s. tabl. il. - Ill. 25 cm. |
| ISBN: | 9788375432244 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819294558990630912 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | MIROSŁAW NAGIELSKI
DRUGA WOJNA DOMOWA W POLSCE
Z DZIEJÓW POLITYCZNO-WOJSKOWYCH
RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ U SCHYŁKU RZĄDÓW
JANA KAZIMIERZA WAZY
Wydawnictwo Neriton
Warszawa 2011
Spis treści
Wstęp 7
Rozdział I: Inter maiestatem ac libertatem Rzeczpospolita w dobie
rokoszy czasów Wazów (1606-1666) 13
Rozdział II: Rywalizacja francusko-austriacka w Rzeczypospolitej
w schyłkowym okresie panowania Jana Kazimierza Wazy 38
Rozdział III: Szlachta powiatu wiłkomierskiego wobec rokoszu Jerzego
Lubomirskiego w latach 1665-1666 61
Rozdział IV: Sejmiki deputackie wobec sprawy Jerzego Lubomirskiego
we wrześniu 1665 roku 69
Rozdział V: Stanowisko elity władzy Rzeczypospolitej w dobie rokoszu
Jerzego Lubomirskiego w latach 1665-1666 92
Rozdział VI: „Partia dworska w schyłkowym okresie panowania Jana
Kazimierza Wazy (1664-1668) 115
Rozdział VII: Mediacje biskupa krakowskiego Andrzeja Trzebickiego
w czasie rokoszu Jerzego Lubomirskiego (1665-1666) 142
Rozdział VIII: Jerzy Lubomirski i jego wpływy w armii koronnej jako
przykład patronatu wojskowego w XVII wieku 182
Rozdział IX: Stanowisko armii koronnej wobec rokoszu Lubomirskiego
(1665-1666) 202
Rozdział X: Działania zbrojne rokoszu Jerzego Lubomirskiego w roku
Rozdział XI: Działania zbrojne w drugim roku rokoszu Jerzego
Lubomirskiego 274
6 Spis treści
Rozdział XII: Miasta i twierdze Rzeczypospolitej w dobie rokoszu
Jerzego Lubomirskiego 311
Zakończenie 325
Aneksy 333
Abstract 342
Wykaz skrótów 345
Bibliografia 348
Indeks osób 360
Spis ilustracji 375
A Second Civil War in Poland.
From Political and Military History
of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth
by the End John
Casimir
Vasa
s
Reign
Abstract
The rebellion of
Jerzy
Sebastian Lubomirski is still until these days igniting discus¬
sions among historians. Were the final years of King John
Casimir
Vasa
the last moment
to effect changes in the political system of the state? Was it the defeat of the court that
determined the abandonment of plans to modernise the state s structures, aborted dur¬
ing the reign of the native Poles? Although in recent years critical opinions of both the
leader of the noble movement,
Jerzy
Lubomirski, and his followers, have been domi¬
nating, there are also voices condemning the methods used by the court in its fight
against the opposition. It is a fact that the rebels developed no programme to improve
the Commonwealth s political system, but
-
as said by
Paweł Jasienica
-
the plans for
a vivente-rege election and the royal couple s obstinacy in this matter first, put to death
the project to abolish
liberum
veto, then strengthened the Golden Liberty , because the
nobility was reminded that their freedom could be defended with swords, that they could
slay without mercy, also their own brothers , like they did in a fratricidal battle of
Mątwy
0uly
13,
1666)1.
The most severe critic of Lubomirski was
Władysław Konopczyński
who
emphasised that the rebellion s leader spilt fraternal blood, and not for any idea but
because of his own pride and virulence 2.
Witold Kłaczewski,
the author of Lubomirski s
biography3 and books on the last years of King John
Casimir,
inclined towards a negative
opinion about Lubomirski mainly due to the price the Commonwealth had to pay on the
international scene. In this,
Kłaczewski
followed in
Zbigniew
Wójcik s
footsteps, who
wrote that the Commonwealth had to pay for
Mątwy
with surrender at Andrusovo 4.
Yet, as it was rightly pointed out, both sides were unaware of the fact that in this con¬
flict it was not them but foreign courts who dealt out: in Vienna, Paris and Berlin, for
both the king and the rebels were subsidised by the neighbouring powers. Without the
aid of the French court King John
Casimir
would have been unable to lead the army
against the rebels. Who it was then that was responsible for the outbreak of the civil
war? Was it only Lobomirski whose hurt pride and ambition caused him to come to the
defence of the Golden Noble Liberty ? Or was it the king who forcing the show trial
of the magnate, in fact pushed him into rebellion?
As
Urszula Augustyniak
rightly said, the royal party has been wrongly accounted
for an invigorating current of revival of the socio-political system of the state , since
1
P. Jasienica,
Rzeczpospolita obojga narodów,
vol.
2,
Warsaw
1982,
pp.
238-241.
2
W. Konopczyński, Dzieje Polski Nowożytnej,
vol.
2,
Warsaw
1986,
p.
39.
3
W. Kłaczewski, Jerzy Sebastian Lubomirski,
Wroclaw
2002,
pp.
273-278.
4
Z. Wójcik, Traktat andruszowski
1667
r. i jego geneza,
Warsaw
1959,
p.
30.
Abstract
343
the
fiasco
of the court resulted mainly from a breach of the state s sovereignty made
by the
internalisation
of the domestic conflict on an unprecedented scale through an
adopted method (on the initiative of the court!) of resolving political conflict by way of
armed combat, and finally from the fact that the court s failure hit the both sides of the
conflict 5. Augustyniak emphasised that the game played by the court with the magnates
over the heads of the nobility with the support of the neighbouring countries engineered
the further depletion of the king s authority in the eyes of his subjects. After the death
of Queen Marie Louise
Gonzaga,
however, the program of reforms pared down to the
question of vivente-rege election was further limited and in fact there was no one ready
to implement it6.
In the last two years of his reign, having signed a secret agreement with King Louis
XIV
on abdication (March
6, 1667),
John
Casimir
aimed persistently at breaking ties
with the nobility, to whom he swore an oath in
1648.
The court party concluded that
since it was impossible to place the French candidate on the Polish-Lithuanian throne,
neither through the
Sejm
sessions, nor through armed combat, therefore a new election
should be held, and that was possible only after the abdication of the king. On September
16, 1668,
during his last speech John
Casimir
reminded his subjects of his talk from
1661,
foretelling the future fall of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and its parti¬
tion between the neighbouring states: Prussia, Austria and Russia.
Yet, the king himself was not without fault, because he negated the capital of
the Deluge period he was endowed by the noble society. Bringing the question of
vivente-rege election to a head from the
Sejm
of
1661,
he led to the formation of oppo¬
sition, composed not only of leading senators (Marshal and Field Crown
Hetman Jerzy
Lubomirski, Castellan of
Poznan
Krzysztof Grzymułtowski
or Vice-Chancellor of the
Crown
Jan Leszczyński)
but also of the nobility, ever suspicious of the proposal made
by the royal couple. If in
1666
there had been no Agreement of
Łęgonice 0uly
31),
the
king would have been faced not only with the rebelling troops and Lubomirski s forces,
but also with the whole nobility wanting to force John
Casimir
to enter the negotia¬
tions and declare amnesty for the rebels. In
1665
the monarch had to deal only with
the nobility from Great Poland, but at
Łęgonice
there were levies en masse from the
provinces of: Krakow,
Poznan,
Kalisz, Sandomierz, Sieradz and Łęczyca,
and some others
were ready to join their brothers7. Was Lubomirski s rebellion the last attempt to reform
the political system of the Commonwealth by armed conflict between the monarch and
his noble subjects? Presumably yes, because even King John III
Sobieski
himself in the
post-Vienna period did not treat seriously plans of
coup d état
carried out by the army
in order to strengthen his power and implement the changes in future elections. It was
impossible to use against the nobility the army recruited from among the same estate8.
In any case, our hero did remember the lesson he learned from the king s defeat in the
5
U. Augustyniak,
Wazowie i „królowie rodacy ,
Warsaw
1999,
p.
220.
6
These opinions Augustyniak maintains in her synthesis:
Historia Polski
1572-1795,
Warsaw
2008,
p.
701.
7
See:
Deklaracja łaski JKMci daną ww. województwom, wojsku związkowemu oraz
J.
Lubomirskiemu, którą zamieścił w swych klimakterach W. Kochowski, Historya panowania
Jana Kazimierza,
ed.
by
.
E. Raczyński,
vol.
2,
Poznan
1840,
pp.
396-398.
8
The plans of the royal court in the last years of King John III
Sobieski
are thoroughly
examined by A. Czarnecka in the context of the fight against the opposition, see: A. Czar-
necka,
Nikt nie słucha mnie za życia.
..
Jan III
Sobieski
w walce z opozycyjną propagandą
(1684-
1696),
Warsaw
2009.
344
Abstract
fields of
Częstochowa
and
Mątwy.
In one of his letters to his beloved wife
Marysieńka
Sobieski
wrote about depletion of the king s authority among the nobility: There is no
good will nor the least similarity towards His Majesty 9. In another letter he said that
the
Ruthenians
were not troubled by this Lubomirski s entry at all, as if nothing had
happened. They only watch the matters and discuss how they would end: as if the war
was wedged by equals 10.
Thus it could be seen that in consequence of the civil war and the king s attempts
to introduce a vivente-rege election, the royal authority among the nobility depleted. No
wonder that among the nobility such popularity was enjoyed by both A Manifest of
Explicit Innocence of the ex-Marshal
(1664),
and a booklet by Wespazjan Kochowski
A Stone of Great Testimony in the Polish Crown to the Senator s Innocence
(1668),
which defended the rebellion s leader,
Jerzy
Sebastian Lubomirski. His contributions to
the Commonwealth s welfare were acknowledged by the nobility who in the election
Sejm
of
1669,
in the year following Lubomirski s death, forced his rehabilitation. For many,
the ex-Marshal and Field Crown
Hetman,
the winner from
Warka, Toruń, Grudziądz,
Cudnów and
Síobodyszcze,
was the best candidate for the Polish throne.
Translated by
Grażyna Waluga
9
John III
Sobieski
to
Marysieńka
in
Lwow,
June
15, 1665,
after: Jan III
Sobieski,
Listy
do
Marysieńki,
prep, by
L.
Kukułski,
Warsaw
1970,
p.
33.
10
John III
Sobieski
to
Marysieńka
from
Żółkiew,
June
14, 1665,
after:
ibid.,
p.
31.
|
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV040327356 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)802731280 (DE-599)BVBBV040327356 |
| edition | Wyd. 1. |
| era | Geschichte 1665-1666 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1665-1666 |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Polen (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Polen |
| id | DE-604.BV040327356 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T16:12:38Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9788375432244 |
| language | Polish |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025181852 |
| oclc_num | 802731280 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 |
| physical | 374, [2] s., [8] s. tabl. il. - Ill. 25 cm. |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Wydawnictwo Neriton |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Prace Instytutu Historycznego UW |
| spellingShingle | Nagielski, Mirosław 1952- Druga wojna domowa w Polsce z dziejów polityczno-wojskowych Rzeczypospolitej u schyłku rządów Jana Kazimierza Wazy Lubomirski, Jerzy Sebastian Aufstand (DE-588)4480180-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4480180-4 (DE-588)4046496-9 |
| title | Druga wojna domowa w Polsce z dziejów polityczno-wojskowych Rzeczypospolitej u schyłku rządów Jana Kazimierza Wazy |
| title_auth | Druga wojna domowa w Polsce z dziejów polityczno-wojskowych Rzeczypospolitej u schyłku rządów Jana Kazimierza Wazy |
| title_exact_search | Druga wojna domowa w Polsce z dziejów polityczno-wojskowych Rzeczypospolitej u schyłku rządów Jana Kazimierza Wazy |
| title_full | Druga wojna domowa w Polsce z dziejów polityczno-wojskowych Rzeczypospolitej u schyłku rządów Jana Kazimierza Wazy Mirosław Nagielski |
| title_fullStr | Druga wojna domowa w Polsce z dziejów polityczno-wojskowych Rzeczypospolitej u schyłku rządów Jana Kazimierza Wazy Mirosław Nagielski |
| title_full_unstemmed | Druga wojna domowa w Polsce z dziejów polityczno-wojskowych Rzeczypospolitej u schyłku rządów Jana Kazimierza Wazy Mirosław Nagielski |
| title_short | Druga wojna domowa w Polsce |
| title_sort | druga wojna domowa w polsce z dziejow polityczno wojskowych rzeczypospolitej u schylku rzadow jana kazimierza wazy |
| title_sub | z dziejów polityczno-wojskowych Rzeczypospolitej u schyłku rządów Jana Kazimierza Wazy |
| topic | Lubomirski, Jerzy Sebastian Aufstand (DE-588)4480180-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Lubomirski, Jerzy Sebastian Aufstand Polen |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025181852&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=025181852&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nagielskimirosław drugawojnadomowawpolscezdziejowpolitycznowojskowychrzeczypospolitejuschyłkurzadowjanakazimierzawazy |