Verfügbarkeit: Cenozoic gravigrade Edentates of Western North America with special reference to the Pleistocene Megalonychinae and Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea

Cenozoic gravigrade Edentates of Western North America with special reference to the Pleistocene Megalonychinae and Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea:

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Bibliographische Detailangaben
Beteilige Person:	Stock, Chester (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Washington Carnegie Inst. 1925
Schriftenreihe:	Publication / Carnegie Institution of Washington 331
Links:	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024593777&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
Umfang:	XIII, 206 S. Ill., Kt.

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245	1	0	\|a Cenozoic gravigrade Edentates of Western North America with special reference to the Pleistocene Megalonychinae and Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea \|c by Chester Stock
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Datensatz im Suchindex

_version_	1819277360688529408
adam_text	CENOZOIC CTRAVIGRADE EDENTATES OF WESTERN NORTH AMERICA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE PLEISTOCENE MEGALONYCHIME ANI) MYLODONTIDAE OF KANCIIO LA BUEA PUBLISHED BY THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON WASHINGTON, JANUARY, 1925 Carnegle/B Depositi tomoo am CONTENTS PAGE Introduction 3 Acknowledgments 4 Review of the literature on the gravigrade edental es 6 , Megalonychinae G Mylodontidae 10 Geologic range and geographic distribution of the Megalonychinae 14 Occurrence and description of remains probably belonging to members of the Megalo nychinae in Tertiary beds of wesicrn North America 18 Rattlesnake formation, Eastern Oregon 18 Pinol Tuff-Orinda-Siesta deposits, middle Californ ia 20 San Timoteo and Eden beds, southern California 21 Habitat of the Megalonychinae as suggested by occurrence 22 Geologic range and geographic distribution of the Mylodontidae 24 Habitat of the Mylodontidae as suggested by occurrence 2G Occurrence of ground-sloths at Rancho La Brea 30 Probable appearance, habits, and some factors conditioning the life of the Rancho La Brea ground-sloths 33 Classification and relationship of the gravigrade edentates of Rancho La Brea 36 Megalonychinae of Rancho La Brea 39 Characters of subfamily Megalonychinae 39 Characters of genus Nothrotherium T 39 Description of material 40 Cranium 40 Mandible 47 Dentition 49 Endocranial cast 53 Elements of hyoid arch 54 Vertebrae 55 Haemapoph3 ses 62 1 Costal ribs 64 Sternal ribs 64 Sternum 66 1 Clavicle 67 Scapula 6S Humerus 69 Ulna 70 Radius 70 Scaphoid 71 Trapezium and metacarpal 1 72 Metacarpal II 73 Phalanx II, digit II, manus 74 Phalanx III, digit II, manus 74 Phalanx II, digit III, manus 75 Phalanx III, digit III, manus 76 Phalanx I, digit IV or digit III , manus 76 Phalanx II, digit IV, manus 76 Phalanx III, digit IV, manus 77 Metacarpal V 77 Comparison of Manus 7S Pelvis 79 Femur 80 Patella 82 •Jibia S3 Fibula 84 Calcaneum 84 Astragalus 86 PAGE - Megalonychinae of Rancho La Brea (Continued) Description of material (Continued) Cuboid 88 Navicular 89 Ectocuneiform 90 Entocuneiform and metatarsal 1 91 Metatarsal II 91 Phalanx I, digit II, pes 93 Phalanx II, digit II, pes 93 Phalanx 111, digit II, pes 93 Metatarsal LI 95 Co-ossified] halangcs I and II, digit III, pes 95 Phalanx III, digit 111, pes 96 Metatarsal IV 97 Metatarsal V ; 99 Comparison of pes 99 Characters of genus Megalonyx 101 Description of material 101 Mandible : 101 Dentition 101 Vertebrae 103 Humerus 104 Ulna 105 Unciform 105 Patella 106 Calcaneum 106 Metatarsal III and digit III 107 Metatarsal IV 108 Metatarsal V 109 Occurrence and description of Megalonychinae in the Pleistocene of western North America 110 / Great Basin Province 110 Description of ground-sloth material from White Bluffs near Hanford, Wash ington : 110 Pacific Coast Province : 112 Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea 120 Characters of family Mylodontidae 120 Characters of genus Mylodon 120 Description of material 120 Dermal ossicles 120 Cranium • 121 Mandible 127 Dentition 128 Endo cranial cast 131 Elements of hyoid arch 132 Vertebrae 133 Haemapoplivses 140 N Costal ribs 141 Sternal ribs 141 Sternum 142 Scapula 145 Clavicle ; 140 Humerus 146 Ulna -i, 147 Radius 147 Falciform bone of manus 147 Scaphoid j : 148 Lunar 150 Cuneiform 150 Pisiform I 151 Unciform 151 Magnum I 152 Trapezoid ) 154 iv CONTENTS PAGE Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea (Continued) Description of material (Continued) Trapezium and metacarpal 1 154 Co-ossified phalanges I and II, digit I, manus 156 Phalanx III, digit I, manus 156 Metacarpal II 157 Phalanx I, digit II, manus 158 Phalanx II, digit II, manus 159 Phalanx III, digit II, manus 159 Metacarpal III 160 Sesamoid bones for metacarpal III 162 Phalanx I, digit III, manus 162 Phalanx II, digit III, manus 163 Phalanx III, digit III, manus 163 Metacarpal IV 164 Sesamoid bones for metacarpal IV 165 Phalanx I, digit IV, manus 160 Rudiment representing phalanges II and III, digit IV, manus 167 Metacarpal V 167 Proximal rudimentary element, digit V, manus 168 Comparison of manus 168 Innominate bone 169 Femur 171 Patella 172 Tibia 172 Fibula 173 Falciform bone of pes 174 Calcaneum 174 PAGE Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea (Continued) Description of material (Continued) Astragalus 175 Cuboid 176 Navicular 177 Ectocuneiform 178 Mesocuneiform 178 Metatarsal II 179 Co-ossified phalanges I and II, digit II, pes 180 Phalanx III, digit II, pes 181 Metatarsal III 181 Phalanx I, digit III, pes 182 Phalanx II, digit III, pes : : 183 Phalanx III, digit III, pes 184 Metatarsal IV 185 Sesamoid bones for metatarsal IV 186 Phalanx I, digit IV, pes 187 Rudiment representing phalanges II and III, digit IV, pes 188 Metatarsal V 188 Proximal rudimentary elements, digit V, pes r- 189 Comparison of pes 190 Mylodon harlani tenuiceps Stock 192 Occurrence and description of Mylodontidae in the Pleistocene of western North America 194 Great Basin Province 194 Pacific Coast Province 199 Literature 204 ILLUSTRATIONS PLATES Frontispiece Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Restoration by Charles R Knight under direction of Chester Stock PLATE 1A View looking north showing Los Angeles Museum pits 61 and 67, Rancho La Brea Photograph by L E Wyman Courtesy of Los Angeles Museum In View looking northeast showing final stage in removal ofwall separating Los Angeles Museum pits 61 and 67, Rancho La Brea Photograph by L E Wyman Courtesy of Los Angeles Museum PLATE 2 • N othroOierium shastense Sinclair FIGS 1 and 2 Skull, No 1800—11, dorsal and ventral views; X0 44 FIGS 3 and 4 Skull and mandible, No 1800-11 and No 1801-7, anterior and posterior views; X 0 44 Los Angeles Museum Collection Rancho La Brea Pleistocene « PLATE 3 Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair FIGS 1, 2, and 3 Endocranial cast Fig 1, dorsal view; fig 2, lateral view; fig 3, ventral view; X 0 75 Los Angeles Museum Collection Hapalops sp FIGS 4, 5, and 6 Endocranial cast Fig 4, dorsal view; fig 5, lateral view; fig 6, ventral view; X 0 75 Los Angeles Museum Collection PLATE 4 Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair FIG 1 Skull and mandible, No 1800-11 and No 1801-7, lateral view; X 0 44 FIG 2 Mandible, No 1801—7, dorsal view; X 0 44 FIGS 3 and 4 Cervical vertebrae I-VII inclusive, lateral and dorsal views; X 0 25 Los Angeles Museum Collection Rancho La Brea Pleistocene - PLATE 5 Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair FIGS 1 and 2 Thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, dorsal and lateral views; X 0 25 FIG 3 First thoracic vertebra, No 1809-1, anterior and ventral views; X 0 25; az } anterior zygapophysis; c facet for capitulum of rib; t/, facet for tuberculum of rib FIG 4 Third thoracic vertebra, No 1811-1,anterior view; X 0 25 FIG 5 Last thoracic vertebra, No 1825-1, anterior new; X 0 25 FIG 6 First lumbar vertebra, No 1826-1, anterior view; X 0 25 FIG 7 Third lumbar vertebra, No 1828-1, anterior view; X 0 25 Los Angeles Museum Collection Rancho La Brea Pleistocene i PLATE 6 Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair FIGS 1 and 2 Caudal vertebrae, dorsal and lateral views; X 0 25 FIG 3 First caudal vertebra, No 1830^-1, anterior view; X 0 25 FIG 4 Sixth caudal vertebra, No 1835-1, anterior view; X 0 25 FIG 5 Eleventh caudal vertebra, No 1840-1, anterior view; X 0 25 Los Angeles Museum Collection Rancho La Brea Pleistocene PLATE 7 Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair FIG 1 Sternal segments and sternal ribs, ventral view; X 0 33 I and VI, first and sixth sternal elements; II (?) and VIII, sternal ribs FIG {2 Costal ribs, posterior view; X0 33 -I, VI, X, XIII, XVII, first costal rib fused with first sternal rib, sixth, tenth, thirteenth, seventeenth costal ribs Los Angeles Museum Collection Rancho La Brea Pleistocene PLATE 8 Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair FIGS 1, la Right humerus, No 1874-R-l Fig 1, anterior view; fig la, view of distal end; X 0 50 FIGS 2, 2a Right humerus, No 1874-R-l Fig 2, inner view; fig 2a, view of proximal end; X 0 50 FIGS 3, 3a Right scapula, No 1868—R-2 Fig 3, outer view; fig 3a, view of proximal end; X 0 2o FIG 4 Right clavicle, No 187S-R-2, anterior view; X 0 50 ! Los Angeles Museum Collection Rancho La Brea Pleistocene PLATE 9 j ~ - Nothrotkerium shastense Sinclair FIGS 1, 2, and 3 Left ulna, No 1873-L-l Fig 1, inner view; fig 2, outer view; fig 3, radial vie^w; X 0 50 FIGS 4 and 5 Left radius without distal epiphysis, No 1872—L—1 Fig 4, anterior view; fig: 5, inner view; X 0 50 Los Angeles Museum Collection Rancho La Brea Pleistocene v viii ILLUSTRATIONS PLATE 35 Mylodon harlani Owen Pelvis, No 1719-1, anterior view; X 0 20 Los Angeles Museum Collection Rancho La Brea Pleistocene PLATE 36 Mylodon harlani Owen Pelvis, No 1719-1, posterior view; X 0 20 Los Angeles Museum Collection Rancho La Brea Pleistocene PLATE 37 Mylodon harlani Owen FIGS 1 and 2 Pelvis, No 1719—1; Fig 1, lateral view; fig 2, dorsal view; X 0 20 Los Angeles Museum Collection Rancho La Brea Pleistocene PLATE 38 Mylodon harlani Owen FIGS 1, la, and 16 Right femur, No 1704-R-15 Fig 1, anterior view; fig la, view of proximal end; fig 16, view of distal end; X 0 33 FIGS 2 and 3 Right patella, No 1710-R-l ) Fig 2, femoral view; fig 3, anterior view; X 0 33 Los Angeles Museum Collection Rancho La Brea Pleistocene PLATE 39 Mylodon harlani Owen FIGS 1 and 2 Right femur, No 1704-R-15 Fig 1, posterior view; fig 2, inner view; X 0 33 Los Angeles Museum Collection Rancho La Brea Pleistocene - PLATE 40 Mylodon harlani Owen FIGS 1, la, and 16 Right tibia, No 1702-R-5 Fig 1, anterior view; fig la, view of proximal end; fig 16, view of distal end; X 0 33 FIG 2v Right tibia, No 1702-R-5, inner view; X 0 33 FIGS 3 and 4 Right fibula, No 1703-R-7; fig 3, tibial view; fig 4, outer view; X 0 33 Los Angeles Museum Collection Rancho La Brea Pleistocene PLATE 41 Mylodon harlani Owen FIGS 1, 2, and 3 Right pes Fig 1, dorsal (outer) view; fig 2, inner (dorsal) view; fig 3, plantar (inner) view; X 0 33 Ca, calcaneum; as, astragalus; cu, cuboid; na, navicular; ec, ectocuneiform; mc, mesocuneiform; ml II, mi V, second and fifth metatarsals; II, III, IV, V, digits Los Angeles Museum Collection Rancho La Brea Pleistocene PLATE 42 Mylodon harlani tenuiceps Stock FIG 1 Ventral, posterior, and dorsal views of skull, No 1716-1 Mylodon harlani Owen FIGS 2, 3, and 4 Same views as in fig 1 Fig 2, No 1717-1; fig 3, No 1717-8; fig 4 , No 1717-22 Los Angeles Museum Collection Rancho La Brea Pleistocene Photographs by L E Wyman Courtesy of Los Angeles Museum PLATE 43 Mylodon harlani Owen Figs 1 to 4 Mandibles, dorsal and lateral views Fig 1, No 1718-20; fig 2, No 1718-21; fig 3j No 1718-29; fig 4, No 1718-3 Mylodon harlani tenuiceps Stock Fig 5, skull, No 1710-1, lateral view Mylodon harlani Owen Figs 6, 7, and 8, skulls, Nos 1717-1, 8, 22, lateral views Los Angeles Museum Collection Rancho La Brea Pleistocene Photographs by L E Wyman PLATE 44 Mylodon harlani Owen Mounted skeleton, viewed-from right side; X 0 077 Los Angeles Museum Collection Prepared by J W Lytle Photograph by L E Wyman Courtesy of Los Angeles Museum PLATE 45 Mylodon harlani Owen Restoration by Charles R Knight under the direction of Chester Stock PLATE 46 ; Mylodon harlani Owen Replica of footprints in Pleistocene deposits at the Nevada State Penitentiary, Carson City, Nevada Diagram indicates size of imprints, length of stride, and width of straddle, a, possible impression of ungual phalanx, digit III, ^ manus Cast prepared by J W Lytle Los Angeles Museum Collection i PLATE 47 Mylodon harlani Owen FIGS 1 to 6 Footprints on floor of tunnel in east wiill of prison yard, Nevada State Penitentiary, Carson City, Nevada ILLUSTRATIONS TEXT-FIGURES FIG 1 —Chart showing geologic and geographic distribution of the Megalonychinae and Mylodontidae FIG 2 —A to G, ground-sloth remains from Tertiary beds of Western North America A, B, and C, ungual phalanx, No 1096 UCC, from Rattlesnake formation, Eastern Oregon; D and E, tooth, No 22110 UCC from Pinole Tuff-Orinda- Siesta deposits, middle California; F and G, metapodial, No 22900 UCC, from Rattlesnake formation, Eastern Oregon AllfiguresXI • • FIG 3 —Topographic map of Rancho La Brea showing location of principal excavations of the University of California and Los Angeles Museum FIG 4 —A, Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair A1, Hapalops sp Skeletons shown in lateral view and to same scale A1 after Matthew FIG 5 —Nothrotherium shaste?ise Sinclair Skull, dorsal view X 0 33 n, nasal; mx, maxillary; I, lachrymal; If, lachrymal foramen; fr, frontal; ma, malar; sq, squamosal; ? a, parietal; so, supra-occipital Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 6 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Skull, ventral view X 0 33 mx, maxillary; anf, antorbital foramen; ma, malar; pi, palatine; pic, palatine canal; sq, squamosal; pt, pterygoid; s, pterygoid sinus; opt, orifice of pterygoid sinus; per, periotic; bs, basisphenoid; bo, ,basioccipital; flm, foramen lacerum medum; ftp, foramen lacerum posterius; stp, stylohyal process; 2, 5, second and fifth superior teeth Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 7 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Skull, lateral view X 0 33 3, third superior tooth; fr, foramen rotundum; fc, foramen ovale; remaining letters as in other figures Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 8 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Skull, posterior view X 0 33 Letters as in other figures Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 9 —A, Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair A1, Hapalops longiceps Scott Skull and mandible, lateral view X 0 33 A1 adopted and reversed from Scott FIG 10 —A, Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair A1, Pronothrotherium typicum Ameghiuo A2, Hapalops longiceps Scott Ventral view of skull A1 after Rovereto; A2, after Scott FIG 11 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Vertical longitudinal section of skull, No 1-S06 X 0 33 n, nasal; fr, frontal; s, frontal sinus; pa, parietal; so, supraoccipital; per, periotic; bo, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; ps, presphenoid; pt, pterygoid; opt, orifice of pterygoid sinus; vo, vomer; pi, palatine; mx, maxillary, mxt, maxillo-turbinal; et, ethmo-tur- binals; ix, x, xi, foramen lacerum posterius; XII, condylar foramen amp; FIG 12 —A, Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair A1, Pronothrotherium typicum Ameghino; A2, Hapalops longiceps Scott Dorsal view of mandible X 0 33 A1, after Rovereto; A2, after Scott FIG 13 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Superior dentition Lateral and occlusal views X 1 FIG 14 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Inferior dentition Lateral and occlusal views X 1 FIG 15 —A, Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair; A1, Hapalops sp Views showing relation of size of endocranium to that of skull X 0 33 • FIG 16 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair A, B, C, outer, anterior, and inner views of right half of second haemapophysis, No 1919-R—1 D, E, F, outer, anterior, and inner views of right half of fourth haemapophysis, No 1921-R-l X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 17 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Fifth haemapophysis, No 1922-1 X 0 50 A, anterior view; B, outer view; C, posterior view; Df dorsal view; E, ventral view Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 18 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Sixth haemapophysis, No 1923-1 X 0 50 A, outer view; B, posterior view Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 19 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Ninth haemapophysis, No 1926-1 X 0 50 A, dorsal view; B, outer view; C, ventral view Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 20 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Sternal segments; anterior, ventral, and right side views X 0 50 A, B, C, second segment, No 1896-1; D, E, F, third segment, No 1897-1; G, H, I, fifth segment, No 1899-1; J, K, L, sixth segment, NoT 1900-1 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 21 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Left scaphoid, No -1944—L—1 A, distal view; B, dorsal view; C, proximal view X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene Hapalops sp Left scaphoid, No 15171 PUC A1, Bl, Cl, same views as in A, B,C X10 Santa Cruz Miocene FIG 22 Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Right trapezium and metacarpal I, Nos 19L2-R-1, I913-R-1 A, dorsal view; B, proximal end; C, distal end; Dt inner view X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 23 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Left metacarpal II, No 1914-L-l A, inner view; : #, dorsal view; C, outer view; D, proximal end; E, distal end X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene J Hapalops sp Left metacarpal II, No 15171 P U C,; same views as in A, B, C, D, -E X10 Santa Cruz Miocene j FIG 24 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Second phalangeal elements of manus; proximal, lateral, and distal views X 0 50 a, No 1930-L-l, digit II; 6, No 1929-L-l, digit III; c, No 192S-L-1, digit IV Rancho La Brea Pleistocene X ILLUSTRATIONS FIG 25 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Ungual phalanges of manus, lateral views with cross-sections through claw- processes X 0 50 a, digit II; b, digit III; c, digit IV Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 26 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Right metacarpal V, No 1917-R-l ^1, dorsal view; B, inner view; C, outer view • X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene Hapalops sp Left metacarpal V, No 15171 PUC A1, dorsal view; Bl, inner view X10 Santa Cruz Miocene FIG 27 —Megalonyx, probably wheatleyi Cope Right manus, Amer Mus Spec , dorsal view X 0 50 Port Kennedy fissure, Pennsylvania, Pleistocene FIG 28 —Nothrotherium maqiiinense (Lund) Right manus, dorsal view, after Winge; approx X 0 66 Brazil, Pleistocene FIG 29 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Right posterior limb A, lateral view; B, anterior view X 0 166 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 30 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Right calcaneum, No 1877-R-L A, inner view; B, view of articulating end; C, dorsal view X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene Hapalops elongatus Ameghino Right calcaneum, No 15155, PUC A1, Bl, Cl, same views as in A, B, CX10 Santa Cruz Miocene FIG 31 —Nothrotherium, shastense Sinclair Right astragalus, No 1S75-R-1 A, tibial view; B, inner view; C, calcaneal view; D, lateral view X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene Megalonyx, probably wheatleyi Cope Right astragalus, Amer Mus Spec Al, Bl, Cl, D1, same views as in A, B, C, D X 0 50 Port Kennedy fissure, Pennsylvania, Pleistocene Hapalops sp Right astragalus, No 15594, PUC A2, B2, C2, D2, same views as in A, B, C, DX10 Santa Cruz Miocene FIG 32 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Right cuboid, No 1885-R-l A, distal view; B, dorsal view; C, proximal view X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene Hapalops indifferens Ameghino; Right cuboid, No 15110, PUC A1, B1, C1, same views as in A, B, CX1 0- Santa Cruz Miocene / FIG 33 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Right navicular, No 1891-R-L A, distal view; B, view of cuboid face; C, view of astragalar face X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene Hapalops elongatus Ameghino Right navicular, No 15545, PUC A1, B1, C1, same views as in A, B, CX10 Santa Cruz Miocene FIG 34 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Left ectocuneiform, No 1943-L-2 A, navicular view; B, metatarsal view X0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene Hapalops elongatus Ameghino Right ectocuneiform, No 15160 PUC A1, B1, same views as in A, BX10 Santa Cruz Miocene FIG 35 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Right entocuneiform and metatarsal I, No 1880-R-2 A, ventral view; B, external view; C, dorsal view; D, proximal view showing these elements in articulation with mesocuneiform and metatarsal II X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 36 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Right mesocuneiform and metatarsal II, No 1881-R-2 A, outer view; B, dorsal view; C, inner view; D, proximal end; E, distal end; F, proximal end of metatarsal II, No 1SS1-R-1 X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene Hapalops elongatus Ameghino Right metatarsal II, No 15545 PUC A1, Bi, Cl, D1, El, same views as in A, B, C, D, EX10 Santa Cruz Miocene FIG 37 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Right phalanx I, digit II, pes, No 1886—R-l A, proximal view; B, lateral view; C, distal view X 0 50 FIG 38 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Phalanx II, digit II, pes No 1887-R-L; proximal, lateral, and distal views X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 39 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Right metatarsal III, No 1882-R-l A, distal view; B, inner view; C, outer view; D, proximal view X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene Hapalops elongatus Ameghino Right metatarsal III, No 15545 PUC A1, B1, Cl, Dl, same views as in A, B, C, X X10 Santa Cruz Miocene FIG 40 —Nothrotherium sh asiense Sinclair Co-ossified phalanges I and II, digit III, pes A, B, C, No 1889-L-2 with inner sesamoid bone, proximal,, lateral, and distal views X 0 50 D, No 1889-L-l, dorsal view X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 41 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Ungual phalanges, right pes Lateral view X 0 50 a, digit III, No 1890- R-l; 6, digit II, No 1888-R-l Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 42 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Right metatarsal IV, No 1883-R-l A, outer view; B, dorsal view; C, inner view; proximal end; E, distal end X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene j Hapalops elongatus Ameghino Right metatarsal IV, No 15545 PUC A1, Bl, Cl, ,Dl, El, same views as in A, B, C, D, E, X10 Santa Cruz Miocene • FIG?43 Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Right metatarsal V, No 1884-R-l A, dorsal view ; #, inner view; C, ventral view X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene Hapalops elongatus Ameghino Right metatarsal V, No 15545 PUC A1, B1,: C1, same views as in A, B, C X10 Santa Cruz Miocene i FIG 44 —Megalonyx, sp A and B, fifth superior tooth, No 6000-1 X10 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene ILLUSTRATIONS xi FIG 45 —Megalonyx jeffersonii califomicus Stock Right unciform, No 22775 UCC A, proximal view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view; D, distal view X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 46 —Megalonyx jeffersonii califomicus Stock Patella, No 22776 UCC • A, anterior view; B, femoral view X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 47 —Megalonyx jeffersonii califomicus Stock Left calcaneum, No 20095, TJ C C A, outer view; B, view of articulat ing end; C, inner view X 0 33 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 48 —Megalonyx jeffersonii califomicus Stock Right mstatarsal III, No 20001 UCC A, proximal view; B, outer view; C, inner view; D, distal view X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 49 —Megalonyx jeffersonii califomicus Stock Right metatarsal IV, No 6002-1 A, inner view; B, dorsal view; C, outer view; D, proximal view X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 50 —Megalonyx jeffersonii califomicus Stock Bight metatarsal V, No 22773 UCC A, dorsal view; B, inner view X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 51 —Map showing occurrences of Pleistocene Megalonychinae in western North America 1, Rancho La Brea; 2, Alameda County; 3, Hawver Cave, Eldorado County; 4, Potter Creek Cave and Samwel Cave, Shasta County; 5, Bautista Creek Badlands, Riverside County; 6, White Bluffs near Hanford, south central Washington; 7, Murphys, Calaveras County; 8, Douglas City, Trinity County; 9, San Pedro, Los Angeles County FIG 52 —Megalonyx sp Skull fragment with superior cheek-teeth of right side X10 White Bluffs, near Hanford, Washington FIG 53 —Nothrotherium shastense Sinclair Right metacarpal IV, No 9443 UCC A, inner view; B, dorsal view; C, outer view; D, proximal end; E, distal end X 0 50 Samwel Cave Pleistocene, California • Hapalops sp Left metacarpal IV, No 15171 PUC A1, B1, Clt Dl, El, same views as in A, B, C, D, EX10 Santa Cruz Miocene FIG 54 —Nothrotherium shastense hawveri Stock Loft unciform, No 22899 UCC A, proximal view; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view; D, distal view X 0 50 Hawver Cave Pleistocene, California FIG 55 —Mylodon harlani Owen Section through middle of a dermal ossicle showing entrance of a vascular canal and inner honeycombed cavity X 2 0 FIG 56 —Mylodon harlani Owen Skull, dorsal view X 0 33 n, nasal; mx, maxillary; I, lachrymal; fr, frontal; sq, squa mosal; pa, parietal; so, supraoccipital Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 57 —Mylodon harlani Owen Skull, ventral view X 0 33 mx, maxillary; pi, palatine; pt, pterygoid; sq, squamosal; pert periotic; bo, basioccipital; bs, basisphenoid; flm, foramen lacerum medium; flp, foramen lacerum posterius; fc, condylar foramen; 2, second superior tooth; 5, fifth superior tooth Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 58 —Mylodon harlani Owen Skull, lateral view X 0 33 os, orbitosphenoid; as, alisphenoid; eo, exoccipital; If, lachrymal foramen; fla, fo, combined optic foramen and foramen lacerum anterius; fro, combined foramen rotundum and foramen ovale; remaining letters as in other figures Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 59 —Mylodon harlani Owen Skull, posterior view X 0 33 Letters as in other figures Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 60 —Mylodon harlani Owen Vertical longitudinal section of skull, No 1717—2 X 0 33 mxt, maxiilo-turbinal; el ethmo-turbinals; s, sinus in frontal, parietal, and basisphenoid; Of V1, canal for first branch of trigeminal nerve and possibly the optic nerve; V2, V3, canal for second and third branches of the trigeminal nerve: IX, X, XI, exit for ninth, tenth, eleventh cranial nerves; XII, exit for twelfth nerve; remaining letters as in other figures, Rancho La Brea Pleis tocene FIG 61 —Mylodon harlani Owen Skull fragment with right superior teeth of young individual, No 1717-35; inferior and lateral views X 0 50 Note small size of first superior tooth Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 62 —Mylodon harlani Owen Occlusal views of second superior tooth, showing variation in shape of crowns X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 63 —Mylodon harlani Owen Occlusal views of left fourth superior tooth, showing variation in shape of crowns X 0 50 Rancho La Breia Pleistocene - FIG 64 —Mylodon harlani Owen Occlusal views of right fifth superior tooth showing variation in shape of crowns X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 65 —Mylodon harlani Owen Occlusal views of left third inferior tooth showing variation in shape of crowns X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene / FIG 66 —Mylodon harlani Owen Occlusal views of right fourth inferior tooth, showing variation in shape of crowns X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 67 —Mylodon harlani Owen Cervical vertebra VII, No 1573-6 with cervical rib, No 1737-1; anterior view X 0 33 cr, cervical rib; ccr, facet for capitulum of cervical rib; fcr, facet for tuberculum of cervical -rib; vac, vertebrarterial canal; tp, transverse process; az, anterior zygapophysis Rancho La Brea Pleistocene , j FIG 68 —Mylodon harlani Owen Thoracic vertebra XV, No 1588-4, anterior and posterior views of right half X 0 33 ; az1, lateral anterior zygapophysis; az2, medial anterior zygapophysis; pzl, lateral posterior zygapophysis; pz2, medial pos terior zygapophysis; m, inetapophysis; tp, transverse process; cr, facet for capitulum of rib; fr, facet for tuberculum of rib Rancho La Brea Pleistocene s ILLUSTRATIONS FIG 69 —Mylodon harlani Owen A, B, and C, views of falciform bone of manus, No 1700—19 X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 70 —Mylodon harlani Owen Right scaphoid, No 24261 UCC A, distal surface with facet for trapezoid at right and facet for magnum at left; B, proximal surface with articulation for radius; C, dorsal view with facet for trapezium at right; D, dorso-external view, tX0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 71 —Mylodon harlani Owen Right lunar, No 24262 UCC A, proximal view of articulating surface for radius; B, distal view with surface for unciform in middle, a small portion of facet for magnum shown on left and facet for cunei form on right; C, dorsal view; Dy inner view with surface for scaphoid above and that for magnum below; E, outer view X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 72 —Mylodon harlani Owen Right cuneiform, No 24263 UCC A, proximal view of ulnar surface; B, dorsal view; C, distal view of surface for unciform; D, palmar view showing facet for pisiform; E, inner view with facet for lunar X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 73 —Mylodon harlani Owen Right pisiform, No 24264 UCC A, outer distal view; B, view of surface for cuneiform; C, proximo-internal view X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 74 —Mylodonharlani Owen Right unciform, No 24265 UCC A, dorsal view; B, inner view; C, outer view showing surface for cuneiform; D, proximal view; E, distal view showing surfaces for metacarpals IV and VX0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene f FIG 75 —Mylodonharlani Owen Right magnum, No 24266 UCC A, proximal view; B, distal view; C, dorsal view; Z , inner view; E, outer view X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 76 —Mylodonharlani Owen Right trapezoid, No 24267 UCC A, proximal view; B, inner view showing below the facet for metacarpal II; C, dorsal view; D, outer view showing above deflected surface for scaphoid and below facet for magnum; Ef distal view showing from left to right the facets for magnum, metacarpal III, metacarpal II X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 77 —Mylodon harlani Owen A 1o D, right metacarpal I and trapezium, No 24268 UCC A, dorsal view; J3, proximal view; C, outer view showing on left a small facet for metacarpal II; D, distal view showing on right surface for digit I and on left the distal portion of facet for metacarpal II X 0 50 E, left metacarpal I, No 1482-L-21, dorsal view; F, trapezial moiety, dorsal view; G trapezia I moiety showing contact surface for metacarpal II; H, metacarpal I, No „ 1482—R—11, dorsal view; J, No 14S2-H-11, inner view showing facet for trapezial moiety X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 78 —Mylodon harlani Owen Co-ossified phalanges I and II, digit I, right manus, No 24269 UCC A, proximal view; B, outer view; C, dorsal view; Z), distal viewl X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 79 —Mylodcn harlani Owen Ungual phalanx, digit I, right manus, No 1471-R-l A, dorsal view; B, outer view; C, ventral view X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 80 —Mylodon harlani Owen Right metacarpal II, No 24270 UCC A, outer view; B, dorsal view; C, inner view; D, proximal view; E, distal view X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 81 —Mylodon harlani Owen Phalanx I, digit II, right manus, No 24271 U0C A, proximal view; B, inner view; • C, distal view X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 82 —Mylodon harlani Owen Phalanx II, digit II, right manus, No 24272 UOC A, outer view; B, distal view; C proximal view; D, dorsal view X 0 50 Rancho La BreaPleistocene FIG 83 —Mylodon harlani Owen Ungual phalanx, digit II, right manus, No 24273 UCC A, outer view with cross- section of claw-process; B dorsal view; C, ventral view X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 84 —Mylodon harlani Owen Right metacarpal III, No 2,4274 UCC A, outer view; B, dorsal view; C, inner view; D, proximal view; E, distal view; F, proximal view of another specimen, No 23148 UCC, showing confluence of facets X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 85 —Mylodon harlani Owen Phalanx I, digit III, right manus, No 24275 UCC A, proximal view; B, outer, view; C, distal view X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 86 —Mylodon harlani Owen Phalanx II, digit III, right manus, No 24276 UOC A, proximal view; B, dorsal view; C, outer view; D, distal view X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 87 —Mylodon harlani Owen Ungual phalanx, digit III, right manus, No 24277 UCC A, outer view with cross- section of claw-process; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 88 —Mylodon harlani Owen Right metacarpal IV, No 24278 UCC A, inner view; B, dorsal view; C, outer view; D, proximal view; E, distal view X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 89 —Mylodon harlani Owen A, B, and C, outer sesamoid, metacarpal IV, left manus, No 1462-L—4 X10 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene FIG 90 —Mylodon harlani Owen A, B, and C, inner sesamoid, metacarpal IV, left manus, No ;1468-L-5 X10 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene i ,^: ~~~FIG _91 —Mylodon harlani Owen Phalanx I, digit IV, right manus, No 24279 U ( • CL A, proximal view; B, outer view; C~ distal view X 0 50 Ilancho La Brea Pleistocene • FIG 92 —Mylodon harlani Owen Terminal phalanx, digit IV, right manus, No 1484—R—2 A,, proximal view; B, lateral view; C, dorsal view X 0 50 Rancho La Brea Pleistocene
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id	DE-604.BV039746233
illustrated	Illustrated
indexdate	2024-12-20T16:01:23Z
institution	BVB
language	English
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spellingShingle	Stock, Chester Cenozoic gravigrade Edentates of Western North America with special reference to the Pleistocene Megalonychinae and Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea
title	Cenozoic gravigrade Edentates of Western North America with special reference to the Pleistocene Megalonychinae and Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea
title_auth	Cenozoic gravigrade Edentates of Western North America with special reference to the Pleistocene Megalonychinae and Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea
title_exact_search	Cenozoic gravigrade Edentates of Western North America with special reference to the Pleistocene Megalonychinae and Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea
title_full	Cenozoic gravigrade Edentates of Western North America with special reference to the Pleistocene Megalonychinae and Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea by Chester Stock
title_fullStr	Cenozoic gravigrade Edentates of Western North America with special reference to the Pleistocene Megalonychinae and Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea by Chester Stock
title_full_unstemmed	Cenozoic gravigrade Edentates of Western North America with special reference to the Pleistocene Megalonychinae and Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea by Chester Stock
title_short	Cenozoic gravigrade Edentates of Western North America with special reference to the Pleistocene Megalonychinae and Mylodontidae of Rancho La Brea
title_sort	cenozoic gravigrade edentates of western north america with special reference to the pleistocene megalonychinae and mylodontidae of rancho la brea
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=024593777&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
volume_link	(DE-604)BV035415500
work_keys_str_mv	AT stockchester cenozoicgravigradeedentatesofwesternnorthamericawithspecialreferencetothepleistocenemegalonychinaeandmylodontidaeofrancholabrea

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