Fundamental statistics for the behavioral sciences:
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Florence, Ky.
Wadsworth, Cengage Learning
2011
|
| Edition: | 7. ed., intern. ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021106141&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Physical Description: | XVI, 652 S graph. Darst. |
| Format: | 266 MHz processor (450 MHz recommended). - 64 MB RAM (96 MB recommended); 16xCD-ROM |
| ISBN: | 9780840031921 0840031920 |
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| 100 | 1 | |a Howell, David C. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Fundamental statistics for the behavioral sciences |c David C. Howell |
| 250 | |a 7. ed., intern. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Florence, Ky. |b Wadsworth, Cengage Learning |c 2011 | |
| 300 | |a XVI, 652 S |b graph. Darst. | ||
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1819350183415119872 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
χι
Chapter
1
Introduction
1
1.1
The Importance of Context
4
1.2
Basic Terminology
6
1.3
Selection among Statistical Procedures
1.4
Using Computers
12
1.5
Summary
13
1.6
Exercises
14
Chapter
2
Basic Concepts
17
2.1
Scales of Measurement
1 8
2.2
Variables
24
2.3
Random Sampling
26
2.4
Notation
28
2.5
Summary
30
2.6
Exercises
31
Chapter
3
Displaying Data
35
3.1
Plotting Data
37
3.2
Stem-and-Leaf Displays
40
3.3
Reading Graphs
45
3.4
Alternative Methods of Plotting Data
3.5
Describing Distributions
51
3.6
Using Computer Programs to
Display Data
53
3.7
Summary
54
3.8
Exercises
55
47
Chapter
4
Measures of Central Tendency
63
4.1
The Mode
64
4.2
The Median
65
4.3
The Mean
66
4.4
Relative Advantages and Disadvantages of the
Mode, the Median, and the Mean
67
4.5
Obtaining Measures of Central Tendency
Using SPSS
70
4.6
A Simple Demonstration
—
Seeing
Statistics
72
4.7
Summary
75
4.8
Exercises
76
Chapter
5
Measures of Variability
80
5.1
Range
83
5.2
Interquartile Range and Other
Range Statistics
84
5.3
The Average Deviation
86
5.4
The Variance
86
5.5
The Standard Deviation
88
5.6
Computational Formulae for the Variance
and the Standard Deviation
90
5.7
The Mean and the Variance
as Estimators
91
5.8
Boxplofs: Graphical Representations
of Dispersion and Extreme Scores
94
5.9
A Return to Trimming
98
5.10
Obtaining Measures of Dispersion
Using SPSS
100
5.11
The Moon Illusion
100
5.12
Seeing Statistics
104
5.13
Summary
106
5.14
Exercises
108
Chapter
ó
The Normal Distribution
1
Ì
1
6.1
The Normal Distribution
1 14
6.2
The Standard Normal Distribution
1 20
6.3
Setting Probable Limits on an Observation
6.4
Measures Related to
z
1 27
6.5
Seeing Statistics
128
6.6
Summary
129
6.7
Exercises
130
126
vii
VIII
Contents
Chapter
7
Basic Concepts of Probability
134
7.1
Probability
135
7.2
Basic Terminology and Rules
1 38
7.3
The Application of Probability to
Controversial Issues
144
7.4
Writing Up the Results
147
7.5
Discrete versus Continuous Variables
148
7.6
Probability Distributions for Discrete
Variables
148
7.7
Probability Distributions for Continuous
Variables
149
7.8
Summary
152
7.9
Exercises
153
Chapter
8
Sampling Distributions and Hypothesis
Testing
156
8.1
Two Simple Examples Involving Course
Evaluations and Human Decision Making
158
8.2
Sampling Distributions
161
8.3
Hypothesis Testing
164
8.4
The Null Hypothesis
166
8.5
Test Statistics and Their Sampling
Distributions
168
8.6
Using the Normal Distribution to Test
Hypotheses
169
8.7
Type I and Type
У
Errors
173
8.8
One- and Two-Tailed Tests
177
8.9
Seeing Statistics
181
8.10
A Final Example
182
8.11
Back to Course Evaluations and Decision
Making
184
8.12
Summary
184
8.13
Exercises
185
Chapter
9
Correlation
88
9.1
Scatter Diagrams
! 89
9.2
An Example: The Relationship Between
the Pace of
Ufe
and Heart Disease
197
9.3
The Covariance
198
9.4
The Pearson
ProducťMomenf
Correlation
Coefficient (r)
199
9.5
Correlations with Ranked Data
201
9.6
Factors That Affect the Correlation
203
9.7
Beware Extreme Observations
207
9.8
Correlation and Causation
208
9.9
If Something Looks Too Good to Be True,
Perhaps It Is
210
9.1 0
Testing the Significance of a Correlation
Coefficient
21 1
9.1 1
Intercorrelation Matrices
214
9.12
Other Correlation Coefficients
216
9.1 3
Using SPSS to Obtain Correlation
Coefficients
217
9.14
Seeing Statistics
219
9.1 5
Does Rated Course Quality Relate to
Expected Grade?
222
9.16
Summary
225
9.17
Exercises
226
Chapter
10
Regression
230
10.1
The Relationship Between Stress
and Health
232
10.2
The Basic Data
234
10.3
The Regression Line
234
10.4
The Accuracy of Prediction
243
10.5
The Influence of Extreme Values
249
10.6
Hypothesis Testing in Regression
251
10.7
Computer Solution Using SPSS
253
10.8
Seeing Statistics
254
10.9
Course Ratings as a Function of Anticipated
Grade
259
10.10
Regression versus Correlation
260
10.1 1
Summary
261
10.12
Exercises
262
Chapter
1 1
Multiple Regression
268
11.1
Overview
270
11.2
Funding Our Schools
273
11.3
Residuals
285
1 1.4
Hypothesis Testing
286
11.5
Refining the Regression Equation
288
1 1.6
A Second Example: What Makes
a Confident Mother?
289
11.7
A Third Example: Psychological Symptoms in
Cancer Patients
292
11.8
Summary
296
1 1.9
Exercises
297
Chapter
12
Hypothesis Tests Applied to Means:
One Sample
301
12.1
Sampling Distribution of the Mean
303
12.2
Testing Hypotheses About Means When
σ
Is Known
306
Contents
їх
12.3
12.4
12.
5
12.Ó
12,
.7
12.
.8
12.
.9
12.
.10
12.
11
12,
.12
Testing
α
Sample
Mean When
σ
Is
Unknown
3 10
Factors That Affect the Magnitude of
/
and
the Decision About HQ
31
Ó
A Second Example: The Moon Illusion
317
How Large Is Our Effect?
31 8
Confidence Limits on the Mean
319
Using SPSS to Run One-Sample
ŕ
Tests
323
A Good Guess Is Better Than Leaving
It Blank
323
Seeing Statistics
327
Summary
331
Exercises
333
Chapter
1 3
Hypothesis Tests Applied to Means:
Two Related Samples
335
Related Samples
336
Students
ŕ
Applied to Difference
Scores
337
The Crowd Within Is Like the Crowd
Without
341
Advantages and Disadvantages of Using
Related Samples
342
How Large an Effect have we Found?
344
Confidence Limits on Changes
346
Using SPSS for
t
Tests on Related
Samples
346
Writing Up the Results
347
Summary
348
13.1
13.2
13.3
13.4
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
13.9
13.10
Exercises
349
Chapter
14
Hypothesis Tests Applied to Means: Two
Independent Samples
352
14.1
Distribution of Differences Between
Means
353
14.2
Heterogeneity of Variance
362
14.3
Nonnormality of Distributions
364
14.4
A Second Example with Two Independent
Samples
364
14.5
Effect Size Again
366
14.6
Confidence Limits on
μ, — μ2
367
Ì4.7
Plotting the Results
368
14.8
Writing Up the Results
369
14.9
Use of Computer Programs for Analysis of
Two Independent Sample Means
370
14.10
Does Level of Processing Vary with
Age?
373
14.11
Seeing Statistics
375
14.12
Summary
377
14.13
Exercises
378
Chapter
15
Power
381
15.1
The Basic Concept
384
15.2
Factors That Affect the Power of a Test
386
15.3
Effect Size
389
15.4
Power Calculations for the One-Sample
/
Test
392
15.5
Power Calculations for Differences Between
Two Independent Means
394
15.6
Power Calculations for the
ŕ
Test for Related
Samples
399
15.7
Power Considerations in Terms
of Sample Size
400
15.8
You Don t Have to Do It by Hand
401
15.9
Seeing Statistics
401
15.10
Summary
402
15.11
Exercises
403
Chapter
16
One-Way Analysis of Variance
406
The General Approach
407
The Logic of the Analysis of Variance
41 1
Calculations for the Analysis
of Variance
417
Unequal Sample Sizes
424
Multiple Comparison Procedures
427
Violations of Assumptions
435
The Size of the Effects
436
Writing Up the Results
439
The Use of SPSS for a One-Way Analysis of
Variance
440
A Final Worked Example
441
Seeing Statistics
444
Summary
445
Exercises
447
Chapter
1 7
Factorial Analysis of Variance
452
17.1
Factorial Designs
454
17.2
The Extension of the Eysenck Study
457
17.3
Interactions
462
17.4
Simple Effects
463
1 7.5
Measures of Association and
Effect Size
466
16.
.1
16.
.2
16.
.3
16,
.4
16.5
16.
6
16.7
16.
8
16.
9
16.
10
16.
11
16.
12
16.
13
Contents
17.6
Reporting the Results
470
17.7
Unequal Sample Sizes
470
17.8
Masculine Overcompensation Thesis:
It s a Male Thing
471
17.9
Using SPSS for Factorial Analysis of
Variance
474
17.10
Seeing Statistics
475
17.11
Summary
477
17.12
Exercises
478
Chapter
18
Repeated Measures Analysis
of Variance
483
18.1
An Example: Depression as a Response
to an Earthquake
485
18.2
Multiple Comparisons
488
18.3
Effect Size
489
18.4
Assumptions Involved in Repeated-Measures
Designs
490
18.5
Advantages and Disadvantages of
Repeated-Measures Designs
491
18.6
Using SPSS to Analyze Data in a
Repeated-Measures Design
492
18.7
Writing Up the Results
494
18.8
A Final Worked Example
496
18.9
Summary
498
18.10
Exercises
499
Chapter
19
Chi-Square
502
19.1
One Classification Variable: The Chi-Square
Goodness-of-Fit Test
504
19.2
Two Classification Variables: Analysis
of Contingency Tables
510
19.3
Possible Improvements on Standard
Chi-Square
513
19.4
Chi-Square for Larger Contingency
Tables
515
19.5
The Problem of Small Expected
Frequencies
516
19.6
The Use of Chi-Square as a Test on
Proportions
517
19.7
SPSS Analysis of Contingency Tables
519
19.8
Measures of Effect Size
522
19.9
A Final Worked Example
526
19.10
A Second Example of Writing Up
Results
528
19.11
Seeing Statistics
529
19.12
Summary
530
19.13
Exercises
531
Chapter
20
Nonparametric and Distribution-Free
Statistical Tests
536
20.1
The Mann-Whitney Test
540
20.2
Wilcoxons Matched-Pairs
Signed-Ranks Test
548
20.3
Kruskal-Wallis One-Way
Analysis of Variance
553
20.4
Friedman s Rank Test for
к
Correlated Samples
554
20.5
Measures of Effect Size
557
20.6
Writing Up the Results
558
20.7
Summary
559
20.8
Exercises
560
Chapter
21
Choosing the Appropriate
Analysis
565
21.1
Exercises and Examples
567
Appendix A
Arithmetic Review
572
Appendix
В
Symbols and Notation
579
Appendix
С
Basic Statistical Formulae
582
Appendix
D
Data Set
586
Appendix
E
Statistical Tables
590
Glossary
608
References
614
Answers to Exercises
620
Index
641
|
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| discipline | Psychologie Mathematik |
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| id | DE-604.BV037191754 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T14:46:19Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780840031921 0840031920 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-021106141 |
| oclc_num | 706992137 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | XVI, 652 S graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2011 |
| publishDateSearch | 2011 |
| publishDateSort | 2011 |
| publisher | Wadsworth, Cengage Learning |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Howell, David C. Fundamental statistics for the behavioral sciences Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd Sozialwissenschaften (DE-588)4055916-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4056995-0 (DE-588)4055916-6 |
| title | Fundamental statistics for the behavioral sciences |
| title_auth | Fundamental statistics for the behavioral sciences |
| title_exact_search | Fundamental statistics for the behavioral sciences |
| title_full | Fundamental statistics for the behavioral sciences David C. Howell |
| title_fullStr | Fundamental statistics for the behavioral sciences David C. Howell |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fundamental statistics for the behavioral sciences David C. Howell |
| title_short | Fundamental statistics for the behavioral sciences |
| title_sort | fundamental statistics for the behavioral sciences |
| topic | Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd Sozialwissenschaften (DE-588)4055916-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Statistik Sozialwissenschaften |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=021106141&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT howelldavidc fundamentalstatisticsforthebehavioralsciences |