A biography of the English language:
Gespeichert in:
| Beteiligte Personen: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Florence, Ky. [u.a.]
Wadsworth, Cengage Learning
2012
|
| Ausgabe: | 3. ed., internat. ed. |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020784316&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | XVI, 478 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9780495910473 0495910473 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a A biography of the English language |c C. M. Millward ; Mary Hayes |
| 250 | |a 3. ed., internat. ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Florence, Ky. [u.a.] |b Wadsworth, Cengage Learning |c 2012 | |
| 300 | |a XVI, 478 S. |b Ill., Kt. | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819343066330300416 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
PREFACE
xv
1
Introduction
1
Features Common to All Languages
1
All Languages Are Systematic
1
All Natural Languages Are Conventional and Arbitrary
All Natural Languages Are Redundant
7
All Natural Languages Change
7
Changes in Language
8
What Is Language Change?
8
Why Does Language Change?
11
Internal and External Pressures for Change
14
Predicting Change
15
Factors Impeding Change
15
Demarcating the History of English
17
Evaluating Sources
ofinformation
18
Essential Concepts
21
References and Suggested Readings
21
2
Phonology
23
The Production of Speech
24
Phonemes and Allophones
24
V¡
CONTENTS
The Phonemes of Present-Day American English
28
Consonants
28
Vowels
30
Prosody
32
Essential Concepts
33
References and Suggested Readings
33
3
Writing
35
The Effects of Writing on Speech
36
Why Was Writing Invented?
37
Types of Writing Systems
38
Pictograms and Ideograms
38
Logograms
40
Syllabaries
40
Alphabets
42
Essential Concepts
44
References and Suggested Readings
44
4
Language Families and Indo-European Languages
47
Major Language Families of the World
50
Development of Historical Linguistics in Europe
53
The Outer History of Indo-European
55
The Indo-European Languages
56
Indo-Iranian
56
Techarían
60
Armenian
60
Anatolian
60
Balto-Slavk
61
Hellenic
61
Albanian
62
Celtic
62
Italic
63
Germanic
63
From Indo-European to Germanic
65
Phonology
65
Graphics
70
Morphology
70
Syntax
72
CONTENTS
VII
Lexicon
73
Semantics
74
A
Comparison of Germanic Languages
74
Essential Concepts
76
References and Suggested Readings
77
5
Old English
79
Outer History
79
England before the English
79
The Arrival of the English
80
The Christianization of England
82
The Viking Invasions and Their Aftermath
85
Inner History
86
Old English Phonology
87
Consonants
87
Vowels
89
Prosody
92
Old English Graphics
93
The Futhorc
93
The Latin Alphabet
95
Spelling and Punctuation
95
An Illustration of Old English Graphics
96
Old English Morphology
98
Inflections
98
Nouns
101
Adjectives
103
Pronouns
í
04
Verbs
106
Uninflected Word Classes
110
Old English Syntax
112
Syntax within Phrases
112
Syntax within Clauses
115
Syntax of Sentences 111
Idioms and Latin Influence
119
Old English Lexicon
119
The Extensive Vocabulary
119
Loanwords
120
VIH
CONTENTS
Formation of New Words
123
Lost Vocabulary
126
Old English Semantics
129
Semantic Categories
129
Semantic Change
130
Old English Dialects
133
Old English Literature
135
Prose
136
Verse
131
Essential Concepts
141
References and Suggested Readings
141
б
Middle English
143
Outer History
143
1066-1204:
English in Decline
143
1204-1348:
English in the Ascendant
146
1348-1509:
English Triumphant
147
Inner History
148
Middle English Phonology
148
Consonants
і
49
Vowels
153
Prosody
159
Middle English Graphics
160
The Middle English Alphabet
160
Spelling and Punctuation
162
Handwriting
164
Middle English Morphology
164
Loss of Inflectional Endings
164
Nouns
166
Adjectives
161
Pronouns
169
Verbs
113
Uninflected Word Classes
118
Middle English Syntax
180
Syntax within Phrases
í
80
Syntax within Clauses
186
Syntax of Sentences
188
CONTENTS
ІХ
Syntax of Poetry
189
Middle English Lexicon
191
Loanwords
192
Formation of New Words
198
Lost Vocabulary
202
Middle English Semantics
204
Narrowing and Generalization
204
Amelioration and Pejoration
205
Strengthening and Weakening
205
Abstraction and Concretization
206
Shift in Connotation
206
Shift in Denotation
206
Middle English Dialects
208
Middle English Literature
212
Prose
214
Secular Verse
215
Religious and Didactic Verse
216
Drama
216
Essential Concepts
217
References and Suggested Readings
218
7
Early Modern English
219
Outer History
219
Cultural, Political, and Technological Influences
219
The Introduction of Printing (Late 15th Century)
219
The English Renaissance (Late 15th to 16th Centuries)
220
The Protestant Reformation (16th Century)
221
Rising Nationalism (Late 16th Century)
221
Changes in the Economic System (16th to 17th Centuries)
221
Exploration and Colonization (17th to 19th Centuries)
222
The Industrial Revolution (Late 18th Century)
222
The American Revolution (Late 18th Century)
223
English Comes of Age
224
The Debate over Vocabulary
225
The Spelling Reformers
228
The Dictionary Makers
23
í
The Movement for an English Academy
236
CONTENTS
The Emergence of Grammar
238
Varieties of English
242
Inner History
244
Early Modern English Phonology
244
Consonants
245
Vowels
248
Prosody
254
Early Modern English Graphics
255
Spelling and Punctuation
257
Early Modern English Morphology
258
Nouns
259
Adjectives
260
Pronouns
261
Verbs
264
Uninflected Word Classes
268
Early Modern English Syntax
270
Syntax within Phrases
27
І
Syntax within Clauses
274
Syntax of Sentences
275
Early Modern English Lexicon
277
Loanwords
277
Formation of New Words
282
Lost Vocabulary
286
Early Modern English Semantics
287
Generalization and Narrowing
287
Amelioration and Pejomtion
288
Strengthening and Weakening
289
Abstraction and Concretization
289
Shift in Denotation
290
Shift in Connotation
290
Early Modern English Dialects
291
Essential Concepts
292
References and Suggested Readings
292
8
Present-Day English
295
Outer History
295
English
Comes
into Its Own
295
CONTENTS
x¡
The Question
of Vocabulary
296
The Question of Spelling Reform
296
Dictionary-Making
300
The Question of a National Academy
302
Approaches to Grammar
304
Future and Imaginary Englishes
306
Inner History
309
Present-Day English Phonology
309
Consonants
310
Vowels
311
Prosody
312
Present-Day English Graphics
312
Present-Day English Morphology
313
Nouns
313
Adjectives
314
Pronouns
314
Verbs
316
Uninflected Word Classes
311
Present-Day English Syntax
319
Syntax within Phrases
319
Syntax within Clauses
321
Syntax of Sentences
321
Present-Day English Lexicon
323
Loanwords
324
Formation of New Words
329
Lost Vocabulary
335
Present-Day English Semantics
336
Essential Concepts
338
References and Suggested Readings
339
9
English Around the World
341
English Is a Native Language
346
Linguistic Variation
345
The United States
347
General American
350
Regional Variation in the United States
352
A. Eastern New England
354
ХИ
CONTENTS
В.
New York City 354
С
Middle
Atlantic 355
D.
Western Pennsylvania 355
E.
Upper
South 356
F. South 356
G. Inland
North
357
H.
Northwest 357
I.
Southwest 358
African
American
Vernacular English
358
Canada
362
Neufundland 364
England 367
Standard
British English
361
Regional Variation in England 373
Scotland
376
Wales 379
Ireland
381
Northern
Ireland
382
Southern
Ireland
383
Australia
385
New
Zealand
388
South
Africa
390
Western Atlantic
English
392
English as
a Nonnative
Language
393
English in Asia
394
India
394
Singapore
397
The Philippines
399
English in Africa
400
West African in General
401
Nigeria
402
Liberia
403
Cameroon
404
English-Based Pidgins and Creoles
405
References and Suggested Readings
406
CONTENTS xiii
Appendix A Grammar Review: Morphology and Syntax
409
Appendix
В
Significant Events in the Biography of English
425
Appendix
С
Parallel Texts of Boethius
429
Glossary
439
Bibliography
455
Index
463
|
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| author_role | aut aut |
| author_sort | Millward, Celia M. 1935- |
| author_variant | c m m cm cmm m h mh |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV036868704 |
| classification_rvk | HE 130 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)700526065 (DE-599)BVBBV036868704 |
| discipline | Anglistik / Amerikanistik |
| edition | 3. ed., internat. ed. |
| era | Geschichte gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte |
| format | Book |
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| indexdate | 2024-12-20T14:43:40Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780495910473 0495910473 |
| language | English |
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| spellingShingle | Millward, Celia M. 1935- Hayes, Mary 1972- A biography of the English language English language / History Englisch Geschichte Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4014777-0 (DE-588)4020517-4 |
| title | A biography of the English language |
| title_auth | A biography of the English language |
| title_exact_search | A biography of the English language |
| title_full | A biography of the English language C. M. Millward ; Mary Hayes |
| title_fullStr | A biography of the English language C. M. Millward ; Mary Hayes |
| title_full_unstemmed | A biography of the English language C. M. Millward ; Mary Hayes |
| title_short | A biography of the English language |
| title_sort | a biography of the english language |
| topic | English language / History Englisch Geschichte Englisch (DE-588)4014777-0 gnd Geschichte (DE-588)4020517-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | English language / History Englisch Geschichte |
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