Statistical methods for psychology:
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Belmont, Calif.
Wadsworth
2010
|
| Edition: | 7. ed., internat. Ed. |
| Subjects: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020779906&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Item Description: | Erg. bildet: Howell, David C.: Student solutions manual for statistical methods for psychology |
| Physical Description: | 768 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0495597856 9780495597858 9780495597841 |
Staff View
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| 100 | 1 | |a Howell, David C. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Statistical methods for psychology |c David C. Howell |
| 250 | |a 7. ed., internat. Ed. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Belmont, Calif. |b Wadsworth |c 2010 | |
| 300 | |a 768 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1819273741162512384 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
xvii
About the Author
xxi
CHAPTER
1
CHAPTER
2
Basic Concepts
1
1.1
Important Terms
2
1.2
Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
5
1.3
Measurement Scales
6
1.4
Using Computers
9
1.5
The Plan of the Book
9
Describing and Exploring Data
15
2.1
Plotting Data
16
2.2
Histograms
18
2.3
Fitting Smooth Lines to Data
21
2.4
Stem-and-Leaf Displays
24
2.5
Describing Distributions
27
2.6
Notation
30
2.7
Measures of Central Tendency
32
2.8
Measures of Variability
36
2.9
Boxplots: Graphical Representations of Dispersions and Extreme Scores
48
2.10
Obtaining Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion Using SPSS
51
2.11
Percentiles, Quartiles, and Deciles
52
2.12
The Effect of Linear Transformations on Data
52
χ
Contents
CHAPTER
3
CHAPTER
4
CHAPTER
5
CHAPTER
6
The Normal Distribution
65
3.1
The Normal Distribution
68
3.2
The Standard Normal Distribution
71
3.3
Using the Tables of the Standard Normal Distribution
73
3.4
Setting Probable Limits on an Observation
75
3.5
Assessing Whether Data Are Normally Distributed
76
3.6
Measures Related to
г
79
Sampling Distributions and Hypothesis Testing
85
4.1
Two Simple Examples Involving Course Evaluations and Rude Motorists
4.2
Sampling Distributions
88
4.3
Theory of Hypothesis Testing
90
4.4
The Null Hypothesis
92
4.5
Test Statistics and Their Sampling Distributions
95
4.6
Making Decisions About the Null Hypothesis
95
4.7
Type I and Type II Errors
96
4.8
One- and Two-Tailed Tests
99
4.9
What Does It Mean to Reject the Null Hypothesis?
101
4.10
An Alternative View of Hypothesi
s
Testing
102
4.11
Effect Size
104
4.12
A Final Worked Example
105
4.13
Back to Course Evaluations and Rude Motorists
106
Basic Concepts of Probability
111
5.1
Probability
112
5.2
Basic Terminology and Rules
114
5.3
Discrete versus Continuous Variables
118
5.4
Probability Distributions for Discrete Variables
118
5.5
Probability Distributions for Continuous Variables
119
5.6
Permutations and Combinations
120
5.7
Bayes
Theorem
123
5.8
The Binomial Distribution
127
5.9
Using the Binomial Distribution to Test Hypotheses
131
5.10
The Multinomial Distribution
133
Categorical Data and Chi-Square
139
6.1
The Chi-Square Distribution
140
6.2
The Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test
—
One-Way Classification
141
6.3
Two Classification Variables: Contingency Table Analysis
145
6.4
An Additional Example
—
A
4X2
Design
148
86
Contents
CHAPTER
7
CHAPTER
8
CHAPTER
9
6.5
Chi-Square for Ordinal Data
151
6.6
Summary of the Assumptions of Chi-Square
152
6.7
Dependent or Repeated Measurements
153
6.8
One- and Two-Tailed Tests
155
6.9
Likelihood Ratio Tests
156
6.10
Mantel-Haenszel Statistic
157
6.11
Effect Sizes
159
6.12
A Measure of Agreement
165
6.13
Writing Up the Results
167
Hypothesis Tests Applied to Means
179
7.1
Sampling Distribution of the Mean
180
7.2
Testing Hypotheses About Means
—
σ
Known
183
7.3
Testing a Sample Mean When
σ
Is Unknown
—
The One-Sample
t
Test
185
7.4
Hypothesis Tests Applied to Means
—
Two Matched Samples
194
7.5
Hypothesis Tests Applied to Means
—
Two Independent Samples
203
7.6
A Second Worked Example
211
7.7
Heterogeneity of Variance: The Behrens-Fisher Problem
213
7.8
Hypothesis Testing Revisited
216
Power
225
8.1
Factors Affecting the Power of a Test
227
8.2
Effect Size
229
8.3
Power Calculations for the One-Sample
t
231
8.4
Power Calculations for Differences Between Two Independent Means
233
8.5
Power Calculations for Matched-Sample
t
236
8.6
Power Calculations in More Complex Designs
238
8.7
The Use of G*Power to Simplify Calculations
238
8.8
Retrospective Power
239
8.9
Writing Up the Results of a Power Analysis
24
1
Correlation and Regression
245
9.1
Scatterplot
247
9.2
The Relationship Between Stress and Health
249
9.3
The Covariance
250
9.4
The Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient
(/) 252
9.5
The Regression Line
253
9.6
Other Ways of Fitting a Line to Data
257
9.7
The Accuracy of Prediction
258
9.8
Assumptions Underlying Regression and Correlation
264
xii
Contents
9.9
Confidence
Limits
on Y
266
9.10
A Computer
Example Showing the Role of Test-Taking Skills
268
9.11
Hypothesis Testing
271
9.12
One Final Example
279
9.13
The Role of Assumptions in Correlation and Regression
280
9.14
Factors That Affect the Correlation
281
9.15
Power Calculation for Pearson s
r
283
CHAPTER
10
Alternative Correlational Techniques
293
10.1
Point-Biserial Correlation and Phi: Pearson Correlations by Another Name
294
10.2
Biserial and Tetrachoric Correlation: Non-Pearson Correlation Coefficients
303
10.3
Correlation Coefficients for Ranked Data
303
10.4
Analysis of Contingency Tables with Ordered Variables
306
10.5
Kendall s Coefficient of Concordance (W)
309
CHAPTER
1 1
Simple Analysis of Variance
317
11.1
An Example
318
11.2
The Underlying Model
319
11.3
The Logic of the Analysis of Variance
321
11.4
Calculations in the Analysis of Variance
324
11.5
Writing Up the Results
330
11.6
Computer Solutions
330
11.7
Unequal Sample Sizes
332
11.8
Violations of Assumptions
334
11.9
Transformations
336
11.10
Fixed versus Random Models
343
11.11
The Size of an Experimental Effect
343
11.12
Power
348
11.13
Computer Analyses
354
CHAPTER
12
Multiple Comparisons Among Treatment Means
363
12.1
Error Rates
364
12.2
Multiple Comparisons in a Simple Experiment on Morphine Tolerance
367
123
A Priori Comparisons
369
12.4
Confidence Intervals and Effect Sizes for Contrasts
384
12.5
Reporting Results
387
12.6
Post Hoc Comparisons
389
12.7
Comparison of the Alternative Procedures
397
12.8
Which Test?
398
Contents
12.9
Computer Solutions
399
12.10
Trend Analysis
402
CHAPTER
1 3
Factorial Analysis of Variance
413
13.1
An Extension of the Eysenck Study
416
13.2
Structural Models and Expected Mean Squares
420
13.3
Interactions
421
13.4
Simple Effects
423
13.5
Analysis of Variance Applied to the Effects of Smoking
426
13.6
Multiple Comparisons
428
13.7
Power Analysis for Factorial Experiments
429
13.8
Expected Mean Squares and Alternative Designs
430
13.9
Measures of Association and Effect Size
438
13.10
Reporting the Results
443
13.11
Unequal Sample Sizes
444
13.12
Higher-Order Factorial Designs
446
13.13
A Computer Example
453
CHAPTER
14
Repeated-Measures Designs
461
14.1
The Structural Model
464
14.2
F
Ratios
464
14.3
The Covariance Matrix
465
14.4
Analysis of Variance Applied to Relaxation Therapy
466
14.5
Contrasts and Effect Sizes in Repeated Measures Designs
469
14.6
Writing Up the Results
471
14.7
One Between-Subjects Variable and One Within-Subjects Variable
471
14.8
Two Between-Subjects Variables and One Within-Subjects Variable
483
14.9
Two Within-Subjects Variables and One Between-Subjects Variable
488
14.10
Intraclass Correlation
495
14.11
Other Considerations
498
14.12
Mixed Models for Repeated-Measures Designs
499
CHAPTER
1 5
Multiple Regression
515
15.1
Multiple Linear Regression
516
15.2
Using Additional Predictors
527
15.3
Standard Errors and Tests of Regression Coefficients
529
15.4
Residual Variance
530
15.5
Distribution Assumptions
531
15.6
The Multiple Correlation Coefficient
532
xiv
Contents
CHAPTER
16
1
5.7
Geometric Representation of Multiple Regression
534
15.8
Partial and Semipartial Correlation
535
15.9
Suppressor Variables
538
15.10
Regression Diagnostics
539
15.11
Constructing a Regression Equation
546
15.12
The Importance of Individual Variables
551
15.13
Using Approximate Regression Coefficients
552
15.14
Mediating and Moderating Relationships
553
15.15
Logistic Regression
561
Analyses of Variance and Covariance as General
Linear Models
579
16.1
The General Linear Model
580
16.2
One-Way Analysis of Variance
583
16.3
Factorial Designs
586
16.4
Analysis of Variance with Unequal Sample Sizes
593
16.5
The One-Way Analysis of Covariance
598
16.6
Computing Effect Sizes in an Analysis of Covariance
609
16.7
Interpreting an Analysis of Covariance
611
16.8
Reporting the Results of an Analysis of Covariance
612
16.9
The Factorial Analysis of Covariance
612
16.10
Using Multiple Covariates
621
16.11
Alternative Experimental Designs
621
CHAPTER
17
Log-Linear Analysis
629
17.1
Two-Way Contingency Tables
631
17.2
Model Specification
636
17.3
Testing Models
638
17.4
Odds and Odds Ratios
641
17.5
Treatment Effects (Lambda)
642
17.6
Three-Way Tables
643
17.7
Deriving Models
648
17.8
Treatment Effects
652
CHAPTER
18
Resampling and Nonparametric Approaches to Data
659
1
8.
1 Bootstrapping as a General Approach
661
18.2
Bootstrapping with One Sample
663
18.3
Resampling with Two Paired Samples
665
18.4
Resampling with Two Independent Samples
668
Contents
18.5
Bootstrapping
Confidence
Limits
on a Correlation
Coefficient
670
18.6
Wilcoxon s Rank-Sum Test
673
18.7
Wilcoxon s Matched-Pairs Signed-Ranks Test
678
18.8
The Sign Test
682
18.9
Kruskal-
Wallis
One-Way Analysis of Variance
683
18.10
Friedman s Rank Test for
к
Correlated Samples
684
Appendices
690
References
724
Answers to Exercises
735
Index
757
|
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| edition | 7. ed., internat. Ed. |
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| genre | 1\p (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Lehrbuch |
| id | DE-604.BV036864207 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T14:43:34Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0495597856 9780495597858 9780495597841 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020779906 |
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| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-706 DE-188 DE-11 |
| physical | 768 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
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| publisher | Wadsworth |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Howell, David C. Statistical methods for psychology Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4056995-0 (DE-588)4047704-6 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Statistical methods for psychology |
| title_auth | Statistical methods for psychology |
| title_exact_search | Statistical methods for psychology |
| title_full | Statistical methods for psychology David C. Howell |
| title_fullStr | Statistical methods for psychology David C. Howell |
| title_full_unstemmed | Statistical methods for psychology David C. Howell |
| title_short | Statistical methods for psychology |
| title_sort | statistical methods for psychology |
| topic | Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Statistik Psychologie Lehrbuch |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020779906&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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