Religijata v rimskata armija v provincja Dolna Mizija: (I - IV vek) = The religion in the Roman army in Lower Moesia Province
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | Bulgarian |
| Published: |
Veliko Tărnovo
Univ. Izdat. "Sv. Sv. Kiril i Metodij"
2010
|
| Edition: | 1. izd. |
| Subjects: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020649910&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020649910&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Item Description: | In kyrill. Schr., bulg. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Physical Description: | 458 S. zahlr. graph. Darst. und Kt. 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 9789545247392 |
Staff View
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Religijata v rimskata armija v provincja Dolna Mizija |b (I - IV vek) = The religion in the Roman army in Lower Moesia Province |c Oleg Aleksandrov |
| 246 | 1 | 1 | |a The religion in the Roman army in Lower Moesia Province |
| 250 | |a 1. izd. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Veliko Tărnovo |b Univ. Izdat. "Sv. Sv. Kiril i Metodij" |c 2010 | |
| 300 | |a 458 S. |b zahlr. graph. Darst. und Kt. |c 24 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
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| 500 | |a In kyrill. Schr., bulg. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
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| 650 | 4 | |a Geschichte | |
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Record in the Search Index
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| adam_text | СЪДЪРЖАНИЕ
УВОД
.................................................................................................................9
I.
Въведение в проблематиката..............................
____......................... 13
1.
Историографски преглед
........................................................................ 13
2.
Създаване и устройство на Мизия (Долна Мизия). Оформяне на
Долнодунавския лимес. Дислокация на римските легиони и
помощни войски
.........................................................................................23
3.
Романизация в
земите на север от Стара планина
...............................29
4.
Същност на римската военна религия
..................................................31
II.
Официална религия в римската армия в провинция Долна
Мизия
.............................................................................................................. 42
І.Капитолийска
троица
..............................................................................42
2.
Марс
.........................................................................................................60
3.
Култ към знамената
.................................................................................66
4.
Императорски култ
..................................................................................69
5.
Абстрактни божества
..............................................................................76
6.
Военни гении
...........................................................................................78
III.
Неофициална религия в римската армия в
Долна Мизия.................................................................................................
83
1.
Римски и гръко-римски култове
...........................................................83
1.1.
Диана и Аполон
................................................................................83
1.2.
Херкулес
............................................................................................99
1.3.
Либер Патер
....................................................................................102
1.4.
Силван
............................................................................................. 105
1.5.
Асклепий и Хигия
............................................................................111
2.
Тракийски култове
................................................................................ 120
3.
Източни култове
.................................................................................... 137
4.
Varia
........................................................................................................ 154
IV.
Проблеми на религията в римската армия в
Долна Мизия
.___.......__.—....-------...............—.—..........—..........—.... 159
1.
Териториално разпределение на почитаните култове
......................... 159
2.
Зависимост между военен чин и почитан култ
................................... 173
3.
Етнически състав на посветителите
..................................................... 196
4.
Характерни особености на религията в римската армия в
провинция Долна Мизия
...........................................................................205
ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ
.............................................................................................213
ИЗПОЛЗВАНА
ЛИТЕРАТУРА
......................................................................219
РЕЗЮМЕ (на английски език)
.....................................................................238
ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ
.............................................................................................263
I.
Надписи
..................................................................................................265
II.
Таблици
.................................................................................................297
III.
Карти
....................................................................................................377
IV.
Диаграми
..............................................................................................413
V.
Индекси
..................................................................................................451
CONTENTS
PREFACE
________________________________________________
,
____9
I. Introduction to the problems
-------------------------------------------------13
1.
Review of historiography
.........................................................................13
2.
Foundation and organization of province of Moesia (Lower Moesia)
Forming of Lower Danube limes. Dislocation of the Roman legions and
auxiliaries
......................................................................................................23
3.
Romanization in the territories north of the Balkan Mountains
...............29
4.
Character of the religion in the Roman army
.........................................31
II. Official religion in the Roman army in Lower
Moesia province
............................................................................................. 42
1.
Capitoline
triad
..........................................................................................42
2.
Mars
..........................................................................................................60
3.
The cult of the Standards
.........................................................................66
4.
The cult of the Emperor (Imperial
Numind)
............................................69
5.
Deified abstractions
..................................................................................76
6.
Military genii
.............................................................................................78
III. Unofficial religion in the Roman army in
Lower Moesia province
______.....____....................__.....—..................... 83
1.
Roman and Greek-Roman cults
...............................................................83
1.1.
Diana and Apollo
................................................................................83
1.2.
Hercules
..............................................................................................99
1.3.
Liber Pater
........................................................................................ 102
1.4.
Silvanus
............................................................................................105
1.5.
Asclepius and Hygeia
.........................................................................
Ill
2.
Thracian cults
.........................................................................................120
3.
Eastern cults
...........................................................................................137
4.
Varia
........................................................................................................154
IV. Problems of the religion in the Roman army in
Lower Moesia province
...___.______....___.—·______________.··«— 159
1.
Territorial distribution of the worshipped cults
.....................................159
2.
Dependency between military rank and worshipped cult
......................173
3.
Ethnic composition of the dedicators
....................................................196
4.
Characteristics of the religion in the
roman
army in Lower Moesia
province
......................................................................................................205
CONCLUSION
_____________________...................................................213
BIBLIOGRAPHY
_______________..........................................................219
SUMMARY (in English)
..............................................................................238
APPENDIX
................................................................................................-.263
I. Insriptions
...............................................................................................265
II. Tables
.....................................................................................................297
III. Maps
.....................................................................................................377
IV. Diagrams
...............................................................................................413
V. Indices
....................................................................................................451
THE RELIGION IN THE ROMAN ARMY
IN LOWER MOESIA PROVINCE
(1*-
4th
с
AD)
(Summary)
PREFACE
The religion in the Roman army differs and presents special features in the sepa¬
rate Roman provinces. It takes a significant place in the servicemen s life. The problem
hasn t been clearly put for discussion by the Bulgarian scientific literature so far. This is
the main reason why the phase of distribution and influences of different cults into the
considered social group haven t got a sufficient explanation yet, and even some cults
have been wrongly classified as soldiers
.
The original intention of our investigation was
precisely to draw some attention to the so called soldiers cults . However, in our work¬
ing process becomes clear that using such a term is not correct because the worshipped
cults are identical both for those who are on military service, and the civil population,
differences may be found just in some aspects. Only the cult of the standards and this to
military genii are exclusively connected to the army.
Purposes and tasks. Purpose of the recent monograph is the full characteristics of
the religion in Roman army, situated in the province of Lower Moesia. The absence of
extensive research in the contemporary Bulgarian historiography occurs to be the reason
for the following investigation tasks of priority
:
1.
To throw light upon the influence level of numerous cults, worshipped by the
Roman military men in Lower Moesia; to define the reasons for a greater distribution of
some cults than the poorer of others.
2.
To follow the ways of infiltration and diffusion of the Roman, Greek-Roman and
Eastern cults in the army.
3.
To
determíneme
level of infiltration and influence of some local cults into the
religion in the Roman army from the investigated province; to point out the cults centers;
to clarify the religious aspects of the different cults.
4.
To explain the dependency between an occupied military rank and a preferred
cult; to make a characteristic, as far as possible, of the ethnic composition of Lower
Moesia Roman army on the collected materials basis.
5.
Òì
deduce the special features of the religion in the Roman army in Lower
Moesia province.
Chronological and territorial borders. The chronological borders of the research
are determined by the first dedication inscriptions, raised by military men, part of the
Roman army, on the investigated territory, till their disappearance.
238
Although legions and auxiliaries have been situated in the province of Moesia even
before its foundation, the earliest dedications are dated approximately at
lhe
end of
1
centuiy AD. Main part of the monuments, object of the recent work, belongs to the
period from middle of 2nd to middle of 3rf century. The latest dedications are dated in the
first quarter of
4*
century. Inscriptions from the end of
З 1
and the beginning of
4*
century are scanty and originated from the newly created provinces
-
Dacia Ripensis,
Moesia
Secunda
and Scythia Minor. These late inscriptions are also included in our inves¬
tigation because they definitely present the changes, occurring in the religion in me Ro¬
man army from the discussed area, and similarly in the whole empire during the epoch
before imposing of Christianity as an equal, and gradually as an official and compulsory
forali,
religion.
:
Geographically, the research is put into the territorial borders of Lower Moesia
province from the time of Severus Dynasty rule, i.e. during the period which the dedica¬
tion inscriptions are mainly dated in. On general, the investigated area is limited by Lorn
River on west, Black sea on east, the river of Danube on north and the Balkan Mountains
on south. Our monograph includes all dedications made by military men, originated from
the sanctuaries, situated in the foothill of Balkan mountain. Out of (he territorial borders of
our research remains the zone of occupation on North Black sea coast, despite the fact
that it nominally belongs to the jurisdiction of Lower Moesia s governor. The ethno-
cuhural background,, where the Roman army sojourns, even though some vexilacii from
Lower Moesia s legions are situated there, is quite different and would bring us to conclu¬
sions that are not related to the development of religion in the Thracian lands.
Catalog. Right at the beginning of our work, naturally, the question of the evidence
selection, which the investigation bases on, arises. Our willingness to be maximum objec¬
tive leads us to the idea that the selection should be found only on certain, proved facts
and not on assumptions and hypothesis. Definite criteria were taken out after examina¬
tion of various possible variants: only dedication inscriptions were included in the
monograph s catalog as a source base, in which the military rank and military unit of the
devotee or dedicators are preserved, and the name of deity under dedication is indisput¬
able or implicit. According to the chosen criteria, outside the catalog were left some
interesting finds, connected to the religion in the Roman army in Lower Moesia as the
bronze hand of Dolichenus from
Bisoñe,
gems and
kamea
with images of military stan¬
ds, bronze eagles and applications, and etc. The specified monuments illustrate con¬
crete cults, but in our opinion, only the ones with dedications give rich and reliable
infor¬
mation
relevant to our purposes and tasks. However, data from non-epigraphic monu¬
ments is included in the monograph s statement, but not into the statistic treatment of
materials.
Numerous are the reasons for not paying any attention also to dedications, which
show us no proof that have been raised by men on military service, even they were
undoubtedly found in or close to a military camp: from the Antiquity to recent times,
239
despite their dimensions, a great amount of epigraphic monuments weren t found on their
first places; the greater part of finds are coincidental but not in situ (an exception in a
large measure make the Novae materials, due to the long excavations, organized there);
quite often dedications by civilians are also found in the military camps; in their vicinity
develop civil settlements and etc. All these facts make us preferably trust on the inscrip¬
tions rather than the place of their finding.
After the defined in this way criteria, dozens of uncertain monuments are avoided,
which would have launched us out into long and unnecessary discussions about their
belonging. We hope that by avoiding the subjective factor to a great extent, we
11
achieve
the best possible results in a sphere of alternative decisions, which in fact is the religious
life of the ancient man.
Methods. The complex interdisciplinary method is used in the working process of
monograph. On first place, we put the historical analysis of dedication inscriptions data,
related to military men from the province of Lower Moesia. The epigraphic monuments
give direct data for the social and ethnic composition of dedicators, reasons for the dedi¬
cations and etc. This is combined, where it s possible, with
iconographie
analysis of the
images. In some cases is also possible some analysis of the archaeological context, if the
monuments are found in situ. Important place in our investigation have the cartographic
and statistic methods. The cartography of monuments, discovered on the territory of
Lower Moesia, allows some findings to be made about the infiltration and distribution of
the different cults, the settlement of veterans, the action areas of concrete military units
ormen
on a specific military rank and etc. The statistic working over dedications gives us
the opportunity to come at important conclusions in connection with the distribution level
of cults from Roman, Greek-Roman, Eastern and local pantheon as well as to define the
ethnic and social composition of the Roman army in Lower Moesia on the basis of
preserved dedication inscriptions.
Structure. The research structure subordinates to the main purposes and tasks.
Our monograph consists of two parts. The first contains a preface, four chapters and a
bibliography. The second one contains a catalog of dedication inscriptions and its informa¬
tion is systemized into
29
tables,
30
maps and
31
diagrams. Data of
216
epigraphic
monu¬
ments,
divided into
14
groups are generally analyzed in the presentation.
I. INTRODUCTION TO THE PROBLEMS
Because of our desire to build up a solid basis for investigation of the assigned
problem, in Chapter I a detailed
historiographie
review of Bulgarian and foreign literature
on the question is made, together with the chronology of foundation and organization of
Lower Moesiaprovince and the station oflegions and auxiliaries mere, the cultural changes
240
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Aleksandrov, Oleg 20./21. Jh |
| author_GND | (DE-588)142609919 |
| author_facet | Aleksandrov, Oleg 20./21. Jh |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Aleksandrov, Oleg 20./21. Jh |
| author_variant | o a oa |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV036732262 |
| ctrlnum | (gbd)0962506 (OCoLC)705918481 (DE-599)BVBBV036732262 |
| edition | 1. izd. |
| era | Geschichte 1-400 gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 1-400 |
| format | Book |
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| genre | (DE-588)4135952-5 Quelle gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Quelle |
| geographic | Rome / Army / Religious life Rom Moesia Inferior (DE-588)4101108-9 gnd Römisches Reich (DE-588)4076778-4 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Rome / Army / Religious life Rom Moesia Inferior Römisches Reich |
| id | DE-604.BV036732262 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T14:40:51Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9789545247392 |
| language | Bulgarian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020649910 |
| oclc_num | 705918481 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-M491 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-M491 |
| physical | 458 S. zahlr. graph. Darst. und Kt. 24 cm |
| psigel | gbd_4_1011 |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | Univ. Izdat. "Sv. Sv. Kiril i Metodij" |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Aleksandrov, Oleg 20./21. Jh Religijata v rimskata armija v provincja Dolna Mizija (I - IV vek) = The religion in the Roman army in Lower Moesia Province Religion / Moesia / History / Sources Geschichte Kult (DE-588)4033535-5 gnd Religiöses Leben (DE-588)4115741-2 gnd Soldat (DE-588)4055409-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4033535-5 (DE-588)4115741-2 (DE-588)4055409-0 (DE-588)4101108-9 (DE-588)4076778-4 (DE-588)4135952-5 |
| title | Religijata v rimskata armija v provincja Dolna Mizija (I - IV vek) = The religion in the Roman army in Lower Moesia Province |
| title_alt | The religion in the Roman army in Lower Moesia Province |
| title_auth | Religijata v rimskata armija v provincja Dolna Mizija (I - IV vek) = The religion in the Roman army in Lower Moesia Province |
| title_exact_search | Religijata v rimskata armija v provincja Dolna Mizija (I - IV vek) = The religion in the Roman army in Lower Moesia Province |
| title_full | Religijata v rimskata armija v provincja Dolna Mizija (I - IV vek) = The religion in the Roman army in Lower Moesia Province Oleg Aleksandrov |
| title_fullStr | Religijata v rimskata armija v provincja Dolna Mizija (I - IV vek) = The religion in the Roman army in Lower Moesia Province Oleg Aleksandrov |
| title_full_unstemmed | Religijata v rimskata armija v provincja Dolna Mizija (I - IV vek) = The religion in the Roman army in Lower Moesia Province Oleg Aleksandrov |
| title_short | Religijata v rimskata armija v provincja Dolna Mizija |
| title_sort | religijata v rimskata armija v provincja dolna mizija i iv vek the religion in the roman army in lower moesia province |
| title_sub | (I - IV vek) = The religion in the Roman army in Lower Moesia Province |
| topic | Religion / Moesia / History / Sources Geschichte Kult (DE-588)4033535-5 gnd Religiöses Leben (DE-588)4115741-2 gnd Soldat (DE-588)4055409-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Religion / Moesia / History / Sources Geschichte Kult Religiöses Leben Soldat Rome / Army / Religious life Rom Moesia Inferior Römisches Reich Quelle |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020649910&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020649910&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT aleksandrovoleg religijatavrimskataarmijavprovincjadolnamizijaiivvekthereligionintheromanarmyinlowermoesiaprovince AT aleksandrovoleg thereligionintheromanarmyinlowermoesiaprovince |