Nanostructures & nanomaterials: synthesis, properties & applications
Saved in:
| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London
Imperial College Press
2007
|
| Edition: | Reprint. |
| Subjects: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020626803&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Physical Description: | XIV, 433 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 1860944159 1860944809 |
Staff View
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Record in the Search Index
| _version_ | 1819336679885897728 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
v
1.
Introduction
1
1.1.
Introduction
1
1.2.
Emergence of Nanotechnology
4
1.3.
Bottom-Up and Top-Down Approaches
7
1.4.
Challenges in Nanotechnology
10
1.5.
Scope of the Book
11
References
14
2.
Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
15
2.1.
Introduction
15
2.2.
Surface Energy
17
2.3.
Chemical Potential as a Function of Surface Curvature
26
2.4.
Electrostatic Stabilization
32
2.4.1.
Surface charge density
32
2.4.2.
Electric potential at the proximity of solid surface
33
2.4.3.
Van
der Waals
attraction potential
36
2.4.4.
Interactions between two particles: DLVO theory
38
2.5.
Steric Stabilization
42
2.5.1.
Solvent and polymer
43
2.5.2.
Interactions between polymer layers
45
2.5.3.
Mixed steric and electric interactions
47
2.6.
Summary
48
References
48
ix
x
Contents
3.
Zero-Dimensional Nanostructures: Nanopartides
51
3.1.
Introduction
51
3.2.
Nanopartides through Homogeneous Nucleation
53
3.2.1.
Fundamentals of homogeneous nucleation
53
3.2.2.
Subsequent growth of nuclei
58
3.2.2.1.
Growth controlled by diffusion
59
3.2.2.2.
Growth controlled by surface process
59
3.2.3.
Synthesis of metallic nanopartides
63
3.2.3.1.
Influences of reduction reagents
67
3.2.3.2.
Influences by other factors
69
3.2.3.3.
Influences of polymer stabilizer
72
3.2.4.
Synthesis of semiconductor nanopartides
74
3.2.5.
Synthesis of oxide nanopartides
81
3.2.5.1.
Introduction to sol-gel processing
82
3.2.5.2.
Forced hydrolysis
85
3.2.5.3.
Controlled release of ions
87
3.2.6.
Vapor phase reactions
88
3.2.7.
Solid state phase segregation
89
3.3.
Nanopartides through Heterogeneous Nucleation
93
3.3.1.
Fundamentals of heterogeneous nucleation
93
3.3.2.
Synthesis of nanopartides
95
3.4.
Kinetically Confined Synthesis of Nanopartides
96
3.4.1.
Synthesis inside micelles or using microemulsions
96
3.4.2.
Aerosol synthesis
98
3.4.3.
Growth termination
99
3.4.4.
Spray pyrolysis
100
3.4.5.
Template-based synthesis
101
3.5.
Epitaxial Core-Shell Nanopartides
101
3.6.
Summary
104
References
105
4.
One-Dimensional Nanostructures: Nanowires
and Nanorods
4.1.
Introduction
110
4.2.
Spontaneous Growth
111
4.2.1.
Evaporation (dissolution)-condensation growth
112
4.2.1.1.
Fundamentals of evaporation
(dissolutiony-condensation growth
112
4.2.1.2.
Evaporation-condensation growth
П9
4.2.1.3.
Dissolution-condensation growth
123
Contents xi
4.2.2.
Vapor (or
solution)-liquid-solid
(VLS or SLS) growth
127
4.2.2.1.
Fundamental aspects of VLS and
SLS growth
127
4.2.2.2.
VLS growth of various nanowires
131
4.2.2.3.
Control of the size of nanowires
134
4.2.2.4.
Precursors and catalysts
138
4.2.2.5.
SLS growth
140
4.2.3.
Stress-induced recrystallization
142
4.3.
Template-Based Synthesis
143
4.3.1.
Electrochemical deposition
144
4.3.2.
Electrophoretic deposition
151
4.3.3.
Template filling
157
4.3.3.1.
Colloidal dispersion filling
158
4.3.3.2.
Melt and solution filling
160
4.3.3.3.
Chemical vapor deposition
161
4.3.3.4.
Deposition by centrifugation
161
4.3.4.
Converting through chemical reactions
162
4.4.
Electrospinning
164
4.5.
Lithography
165
4.6.
Summary
168
References
168
5.
Two-Dimensional Nanostructures: Thin Films
173
5.1.
Introduction
173
5.2.
Fundamentals of Film Growth
174
5.3.
Vacuum Science
178
5.4.
Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD)
182
5.4.1.
Evaporation
183
5.4.2.
Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)
185
5.4.3.
Sputtering
186
5.4.4.
Comparison of evaporation and sputtering
188
5.5.
Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)
189
5.5.1.
Typical chemical reactions
189
5.5.2.
Reaction kinetics
190
5.5.3.
Transport phenomena
191
5.5.4.
CVD methods
194
5.5.5.
Diamond films by CVD
197
5.6.
Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD)
199
5.7.
Superlattices
204
5.8.
Self-Assembly
205
xii Contents
5.8.1. Monolayers
of organosilicon or
alkylsilane derivatives 208
5.8.2. Monolayers
of
alkanethiols and Sulfides 210
5.8.3. Monolayers
of carboxylic acids, amines
and alcohols
212
5.9.
Langmuir-Blodgett Films
213
5.10.
Electrochemical Deposition
218
5.11.
Sol-Gel Films
219
5.12.
Summary
223
References
224
6.
Special Nanomaterials
229
6.1.
Introduction
229
6.2.
Carbon
Fullerenes
and Nanorubes
230
6.2.1.
Carbon ftillerenes
230
6.2.2.
Fullerene-derived crystals
232
6.2.3.
Carbon nanorubes
232
6.3.
Micro and Mesoporous Materials
238
6.3.1.
Ordered mesoporous structures
239
6.3.2.
Random mesoporous structures
245
6.3.3.
Crystalline microporous materials: zeolites
249
6.4.
Core-Shell Structures
257
6.4.1.
Metal-oxide structures
257
6.4.2.
Metal-polymer structures
260
6.4.3.
Oxide-polymer structures
261
6.5.
Organic-Inorganic Hybrids
263
6.5.1.
Class I hybrids
263
6.5.2.
Class II hybrids
264
6.6.
Intercalation Compounds
266
6.7.
Nanocomposites and Nanograined Materials
267
6.8.
Summary
268
References
269
7.
Nanostructures Fabricated by Physical Techniques
277
7.1.
Introduction
277
7.2.
Lithography
278
7.2.1.
Photolithography
279
7.2.2.
Phase-shifting photolithography
283
7.2.3.
Electron beam lithography
284
7.2.4.
X-ray lithography
287
7.2.5.
Focused ion beam (FIB) lithography
288
Contents xiii
7.2.6. Neutral
atomie
beam lithography
290
7.3.
Nanomanipulation and Nanolithography
291
7.3.1.
Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM)
292
7.3.2.
Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
294
7.3.3.
Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM)
296
7.3.4.
Nanomanipulation
298
7.3.5.
Nanolithography
303
7.4.
Soft Lithography
308
7.4.1.
Microcontact
printing
308
7.4.2.
Molding
310
7.4.3.
Nanoimprint
310
7.4.4.
Dip-pen nanolithography
313
7.5.
Assembly of Nanoparticles and Nanowires
314
7.5.1.
Capillary forces
315
7.5.2.
Dispersion interactions
316
7.5.3.
Shear force assisted assembly
318
7.5.4.
Electric-field assisted assembly
318
7.5.5.
Covalently linked assembly
319
7.5.6.
Gravitational field assisted assembly
319
7.5.7.
Template-assisted assembly
319
7.6.
Other Methods for
Microfabrication
321
7.7.
Summary
321
References
322
8.
Characterization and Properties of Nanomaterials
329
8.1.
Introduction
329
8.2.
Structural Characterization
330
8.2.1.
X-ray diffraction (XRD)
331
8.2.2.
Small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS)
333
8.2.3.
Scanning electron microscopy
(SEM) 336
8.2.4.
Transmission electron microscopy
(ТЕМ)
338
8.2.5.
Scanning probe microscopy (SPM)
340
8.2.6.
Gas adsorption
343
8.3.
Chemical Characterization
344
8.3.1.
Optical spectroscopy
345
8.3.2.
Electron spectroscopy
349
8.3.3.
Ionic spectrometry
350
8.4.
Physical Properties of Nanomaterials
352
8.4.1.
Melting points and lattice constants
353
8.4.2.
Mechanical properties
357
8.4.3.
Optical properties
362
xiv Contents
8.4.3.1.
Surface
plasmon
resonance
362
8.4.3.2. Quantum
size effects
367
8.4.4.
Electrical conductivity
371
8.4.4.1.
Surface scattering
371
8.4.4.2.
Change of electronic structure
374
8.4.4.3.
Quantum transport
375
8.4.4.4.
Effect of
microstructure
379
8.4.5.
Ferroelectrics and dielectrics
380
8.4.6.
Superparamagnetism
382
8.5.
Summary
384
References
384
9.
Applications of Nanomaterials
391
9.1.
Introduction
391
9.2.
Molecular Electronics and Nanoelectronics
392
9.3.
Nanobots
394
9.4.
Biological Applications of Nanoparticles
396
9.5.
Catalysis by Gold Nanoparticles
397
9.6.
Band Gap Engineered Quantum Devices
399
9.6.1.
Quantum well devices
399
9.6.2.
Quantum dot devices
401
9.7.
Nanomechanics
402
9.8.
Carbon Nanotube Emitters
404
9.9.
Photoelectrochemical Cells
406
9.10.
Photonic Crystals and Plasmon Waveguides
409
9.10.1.
Photonic crystals
409
9.10.2.
Plasmon waveguides
411
9.11.
Summary
411
References
412
Appendix
1.
Periodic Table of the Elements
419
2.
The International System of Units
420
3.
List of Fundamental Physical Constants
421
4.
The
14
Three-Dimensional Lattice Types
422
5.
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
423
6.
The Greek Alphabet
424
Index
425
|
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| edition | Reprint. |
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| id | DE-604.BV036708658 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T14:40:20Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 1860944159 1860944809 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020626803 |
| oclc_num | 263670408 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR |
| physical | XIV, 433 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
| publishDateSearch | 2007 |
| publishDateSort | 2007 |
| publisher | Imperial College Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Cao, Guozhong Nanostructures & nanomaterials synthesis, properties & applications Nanostruktur (DE-588)4204530-7 gnd Nanopartikel (DE-588)4333369-2 gnd Nanostrukturiertes Material (DE-588)4342626-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4204530-7 (DE-588)4333369-2 (DE-588)4342626-8 |
| title | Nanostructures & nanomaterials synthesis, properties & applications |
| title_alt | Nanostructures and nanomaterials |
| title_auth | Nanostructures & nanomaterials synthesis, properties & applications |
| title_exact_search | Nanostructures & nanomaterials synthesis, properties & applications |
| title_full | Nanostructures & nanomaterials synthesis, properties & applications Guozhong Cao |
| title_fullStr | Nanostructures & nanomaterials synthesis, properties & applications Guozhong Cao |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanostructures & nanomaterials synthesis, properties & applications Guozhong Cao |
| title_short | Nanostructures & nanomaterials |
| title_sort | nanostructures nanomaterials synthesis properties applications |
| title_sub | synthesis, properties & applications |
| topic | Nanostruktur (DE-588)4204530-7 gnd Nanopartikel (DE-588)4333369-2 gnd Nanostrukturiertes Material (DE-588)4342626-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Nanostruktur Nanopartikel Nanostrukturiertes Material |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020626803&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT caoguozhong nanostructuresnanomaterialssynthesispropertiesapplications AT caoguozhong nanostructuresandnanomaterials |