Pamjatniki karakolʹskoj kulʹtury Altaja:
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Russisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Novosibirsk
Izdat. Inst. Archeologii i Ėtnografii SO RAN
2009
|
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020556523&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Beschreibung: | PST: Antiquities of Karakol culture Altai. - Text in kyrill. Schr., russ. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache S. [80] - 81 |
| Umfang: | 262 S. zahlr. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9785780301950 |
Internformat
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Pamjatniki karakolʹskoj kulʹtury Altaja |c V. D. Kubarev |
| 246 | 1 | 3 | |a Antiquities of Karakol culture Altai |
| 264 | 1 | |a Novosibirsk |b Izdat. Inst. Archeologii i Ėtnografii SO RAN |c 2009 | |
| 300 | |a 262 S. |b zahlr. Ill., Kt. | ||
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| 500 | |a PST: Antiquities of Karakol culture Altai. - Text in kyrill. Schr., russ. - Zsfassung in engl. Sprache S. [80] - 81 | ||
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| 689 | 1 | 0 | |a Karakol |0 (DE-588)4231000-3 |D g |
| 689 | 1 | 1 | |a Felsbild |0 (DE-588)4016718-5 |D s |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819358892853821440 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | SUMMARY
In summer of
1985
when the earthworks were made in connection with setting up a memorial in the
centre of the
Karakol
village (Ongudai district of Republic Altai) a stone mound of the Bronze-Stone age
was found and partially excavated. The Earthworks were stopped and the mound was investigated by the
Eastern
-
Altaian team of the Northern Asian expedition of the Institute of Archaelogy and Ethnography of
Siberian Division of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
The investigated mound which possibly opens a cemetry from the East was set up on the top of a small hill
near
Karakol
middle school. The remains of rather low (up to
0.5
m) stone-earth wall suggestmound s diameter
of
19-20
m. Four graves turned to be in the mound. Some specific features, namely huge plates covering the
pit, bright
-
red ochre on human s skeleton and pit s bottom, a typical ceramic vessel with a ball
-
like trunk
placed in the human s legs, etc. allow to attribute the central burial to the Afanasiev culture. Admitted buri¬
als, i. e. the burials which were used repeatedly during different times, in stone boxes placed in the southern
half of the mound are characterized by male burials only, addition of soil under the burial construction,
floor s slope towards the human s legs, traces of black and red paints on skulls, polychromatic drawings on
plates and the same decoration technique for stone boxes in two graves when a red line was painted along
the upper edge ot plates. So, a second group of burials (admitted ones) is characterized already by a different
sum of properties and it must be contem-poraeous to a later group of sites of the Altai Mountai-neous variant
of the Afanasjev culture which are synchronous to the Okunev culture burial complexes of the Khakass
-
Minusinsk hollow. Both cultures date from the beginning of the III
millenium
B.C. This date is also con¬
firmed by drawings made on the
Karakol
plates which is a new and unusual phenomenon for the Eneolithic
populations of the Altai. They can be considered as a quite independent source about spiritual culture of the
population which created and left such a unique sample of the ancient fine art.
While analysing drawings on the faces of the
Karakol
plates two regularities were noticed. The first
one is vertical compositions on the plates which were used before as stelae. Exposition here is subjected to
the form of a rectangular plate; a drawing occupying one (upper) part of a plate with the lower one without
depictions being dug evidently into the earth.
A style, technique of depicting, contents and mostly the inner stratigraphy (imposing of drawings on
each other) make it possible to distinguish three chronological stages in the history of creating the
Karakol
drawings.
The first stage is the end of III
millenium
B.C. Main characters are an elk s figure and a partial elk s or
deer s head made by beating out. The depictions are quite realistic and remind vividly elk s figures of the
largest Siberian locations ot petroglyphs in the Tom and Angara rivers.
The second stage falls into the second half of III
millenium
B.C. The personages are one
-
handed,
sometimes tailed human figures made in procile. There are multiray crowns or feather headgears on their
heads. Profile depictions of walking people with bull s horns closing in one circle seem to be of the same
time to them. It is impossible not to mention here a big and impressive ornitomorphic figure of a shaman
made on the fragment of plate no.
5.
Unfortunately, the depiction of its head was not preserved but it s pos¬
sible to imagine it easily both from isolated depictions of the sunny crown on plates no.
6
and
9
and from
completely preserved drawing of sunheaded beings on plate no.
3.
So, in the second stage of the
Karakol
drawings one and the same character is repeated whose headgears however can be classified into three types
which are conventionally named sunheaded , oxheaded and birdheaded . There may be found a lot of
81
analogues
to all these three invariants from synchronous muond complexes of Euroasia. We shall give only
the brightest and close territorialy examples. In the west these are sunheaded and birdheaded deities in Ta-
malga petroglyphs (Kazakhstan) which also are depicted in pairs or even in whole
groupes.
In the west these
are sunny little people from the Upper Lena pertoglyphs (Shishkino, Talma, Karinga, etc.) and nearer dif¬
ferent anthropomorphic depictions of the Okunev stelae
-
monuments and Yonisei river petroglyphs.
The third stage (end of III mill.
-
beginning of II mill.) is characterized by the same personages typi¬
cal of the 2-nd one but the technique and style of their making differ a little by a fine carving of schematic
often incomplete irrealistic depictions. It is much more difficult to make grounds for their chronological
difference from the second
stade
of the
Karakol
drawings. Nevertheless, a repeated situation of imposing
rather small and shallow
Karakol
carvings on earlier drawings allow us to include them to the final period
of the creation of the
Karakol
group of petroglyphs. A vertical distribution of Lateafanasjev carvings on the
faces of plates
-
stelae evidence that they have been made not long before using stelae as building material
for burial construction. That is why me can t associate zooanthropomorphic personages from the
Karakol
plates-stelae with a burial rite. Another situation is with one
-
moment painted drawings made on the plates
of the burial boxes from the Ozernoye and
Karakol
villages. Here we can trace a second regularity, when
horizontal composition unlike to the vertical ones depends on the design of the burial construction itself
rather than on forms and sizes of the plates. They were made by an ancient artist
-
mediator as a single
continuous frieze, a single narrative story for illustrating particular cult actions which are now connected
without doubts with burial rituals only.
Who are the main characters depicted on the
Karakol
plates? Are they shamans? Good or evil ghosts?
And may be even Gods? Everything is possible. To answer this question one should consider the aim of
performing these drawings and how they were used. As we know already more archaic drawings were made
on stelae dated from the Neolithic or at least from the end of the New Stone age. These depictions were
worshiped and given sacrificies; the totem ancestors were asked at that to continue a kin, to defend people
from the evil power, to take care about the fertility of cattle and surroundings. Therefore, the main person¬
ages from the stelae (sunheaded, oxheaded and birdheaded) report directly about polysemantic beliefs of
Eneolithic population of mountainous regions of the Altai. The cult of sun, ox and birds of prey was laid
in the basis of these beliefs. But much more difficult to understand who is depicted by an ancient artist for
one seance participated directly (if no mostly) in the creation of the
Karakol
burial complexes. There are no
doubts that painted drawings were made specially, for the burialrites. But this circumstance can help only in
directly in deciphering anthropomorphic depictions. A key is in figures themselves.
So, the study of the
Karakol
drawings has only begun. In our opinion the study of the
Karakol
drawings
origin, their colour symbolics and their cultural
-
chronological comparison with numerous petroglyphs of
Central Asia as well as the solution of some other very fascinating problems is very interesting and promis¬
ing. The discovery of plates with drawings in the
Karakol
mounds is difficult to be overestimated. Even now
at the first stage of their interpretation we can say that Siberian archaeological science has got a new unique
complex which will of great interest for many investigators.
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Kubarev, Vladimir Dmitrievič 1946-2011 |
| author_GND | (DE-588)1041791739 |
| author_facet | Kubarev, Vladimir Dmitrievič 1946-2011 |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Kubarev, Vladimir Dmitrievič 1946-2011 |
| author_variant | v d k vd vdk |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV036636816 |
| classification_rvk | NF 8670 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)705768120 (DE-599)BVBBV036636816 |
| discipline | Geschichte |
| era | Geschichte 3000 v. Chr.-2000 v. Chr. gnd |
| era_facet | Geschichte 3000 v. Chr.-2000 v. Chr. |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Karakol (DE-588)4231000-3 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Karakol |
| id | DE-604.BV036636816 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T14:38:46Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9785780301950 |
| language | Russian |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020556523 |
| oclc_num | 705768120 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-188 |
| physical | 262 S. zahlr. Ill., Kt. |
| publishDate | 2009 |
| publishDateSearch | 2009 |
| publishDateSort | 2009 |
| publisher | Izdat. Inst. Archeologii i Ėtnografii SO RAN |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Kubarev, Vladimir Dmitrievič 1946-2011 Pamjatniki karakolʹskoj kulʹtury Altaja Felsbild (DE-588)4016718-5 gnd Monolith (DE-588)4352271-3 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4016718-5 (DE-588)4352271-3 (DE-588)4231000-3 |
| title | Pamjatniki karakolʹskoj kulʹtury Altaja |
| title_alt | Antiquities of Karakol culture Altai |
| title_auth | Pamjatniki karakolʹskoj kulʹtury Altaja |
| title_exact_search | Pamjatniki karakolʹskoj kulʹtury Altaja |
| title_full | Pamjatniki karakolʹskoj kulʹtury Altaja V. D. Kubarev |
| title_fullStr | Pamjatniki karakolʹskoj kulʹtury Altaja V. D. Kubarev |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pamjatniki karakolʹskoj kulʹtury Altaja V. D. Kubarev |
| title_short | Pamjatniki karakolʹskoj kulʹtury Altaja |
| title_sort | pamjatniki karakolʹskoj kulʹtury altaja |
| topic | Felsbild (DE-588)4016718-5 gnd Monolith (DE-588)4352271-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Felsbild Monolith Karakol |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020556523&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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