Statistics: an introduction using R
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Chichester
Wiley
2010
|
| Ausgabe: | Reprinted |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020213128&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | XIII, 327 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780470022986 9780470022979 0470022973 0470022981 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Crawley, Michael J. |d 1949- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)114696330 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Statistics |b an introduction using R |c Michael J. Crawley |
| 250 | |a Reprinted | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Chichester |b Wiley |c 2010 | |
| 300 | |a XIII, 327 S. |b graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Statistik |0 (DE-588)4056995-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
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| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020213128 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819360110189740032 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
xi
Chapter
1
Fundamentals
1
Everything Varies
2
Significance
3
Good and Bad Hypotheses
3
Null Hypotheses
3
ρ
Values
3
Interpretation
4
Statistical Modelling
4
Maximum Likelihood
5
Experimental Design
7
The Principle of Parsimony (Occam s Razor)
7
Observation, Theory and Experiment
8
Controls
8
Replication: It s the
/i s
that Justify the Means
8
How Many Replicates?
9
Power
9
Randomization
10
Strong Inference
12
Weak Inference
12
How Long to Go On?
13
Pseudoreplication
13
Initial Conditions
14
Orthogonal Designs and Non-orthogonal Observational Data
14
Chapter
2 Dataframes 15
Selecting Parts of
a
Dataframe:
Subscripts
19
Sorting
20
Saving Your Work
22
Tidying Up
22
CONTENTS
Chapter
3
Central Tendency
23
Getting Help in
R
31
Chapter
4
Variance
33
Degrees of Freedom
36
Variance
37
A Worked Example
39
Variance and Sample Size
42
Using Variance
43
A Measure of Unreliability
44
Confidence Intervals
45
Bootstrap
46
Chapter
5
Single Samples
51
Data Summary in the One Sample Case
51
The Normal Distribution
55
Calculations using
z
of the Normal Distribution
60
Plots for Testing Normality of Single Samples
64
Inference in the One-sample Case
65
Bootstrap in Hypothesis Testing with Single Samples
66
Student s
ř-distribution
67
Higher-order Moments of a Distribution
69
Skew
69
Kurtosis
71
Chapter
6
Two Samples
73
Comparing Two Variances
73
Comparing Two Means
75
Student s i-test
76
Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test
79
Tests on Paired Samples
81
The Sign Test
83
Binomial Tests to Compare Two Proportions
84
Chi-square Contingency Tables
85
Fisher s Exact Test
90
Correlation and Covariance
93
Data Dredging
95
Partial Correlation
96
Correlation and the Variance of Differences Between Variables
97
Scale-dependent Correlations
98
Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
100
CONTENTS
Chapter
7
Statistical Modelling
103
The Steps Involved in Model Simplification
105
Caveats
106
Order of Deletion
106
Model Formulae in
R
106
Interactions Between Explanatory Variables
108
Multiple Error Terms
109
The Intercept as Parameter
1 109
Update in Model Simplification
110
Examples of
R
Model Formulae
110
Model Formulae for Regression
111
GLMs: Generalized Linear Models
113
The Error Structure
114
The Linear Predictor
115
Fitted Values
116
The Link Function
116
Canonical Link Functions
117
Proportion Data and Binomial Errors
117
Count Data and
Poisson
Errors
118
GAMs: Generalized Additive Models
119
Model Criticism
119
Summary of Statistical Models in
R
120
Model Checking
121
Non-constant Variance: Heteroscedasticity
122
Non-Normality of Errors
122
Influence
123
Leverage
123
Mis-specified Model
124
Chapter
8
Regression
125
Linear Regression
128
Linear Regression in
R
129
Error Variance in Regression: SSY
=
SSR
+ SSE 136
Measuring the Degree of Fit, r2
142
Model Checking
143
Polynomial Regression
145
Non-linear Regression
149
Testing for Humped Relationships
152
Generalized Additive Models (gams)
152
Chapter
9
Analysis of Variance
155
One-way Anova
155
Shortcut Formula
161
CONTENTS
Effect
Sizes
163
Plots for Interpreting One-way Anova
167
Factorial Experiments
171
Pseudoreplication: Nested Designs and Split Plots
175
Split-plot Experiments
176
Random Effects and Nested Designs
178
Fixed or Random Effects?
179
Removing the Pseudoreplication
180
Analysis of Longitudinal Data
180
Derived Variable Analysis
181
Variance Components Analysis (VCA)
181
What is the Difference Between Split-plot and Hierarchical Samples?
185
Chapter
10
Analysis of Covariance
187
Chapter
11
Multiple Regression
195
A Simple Example
195
A More Complex Example
202
Automating the Process of Model Simplification Using step
208
AIC (Akaike s Information Criterion)
208
Chapter
12
Contrasts
209
Contrast Coefficients
210
An Example of Contrasts in
R
211
A Priori Contrasts
212
Model Simplification by Step-wise Deletion
214
Contrast Sums of Squares by Hand
217
Comparison of the Three Kinds of Contrasts
218
Aliasing
222
Contrasts and the Parameters of Ancova Models
223
Multiple Comparisons
226
Chapter
13
Count Data
227
A Regression with
Poisson
Errors
227
Analysis of Deviance with Count Data
229
The Danger of Contingency Tables
234
Analysis of Covariance with Count Data
237
Frequency Distributions
240
Chapter
14
Proportion Data
247
Analyses of Data on One and Two Proportions
249
Count Data on Proportions
249
CONTENTS
Odds
250
Overdispersion
and Hypothesis Testing
251
Applications
253
Logistic Regression with Binomial Errors
253
Proportion Data with Categorical Explanatory Variables
255
Analysis of Covariance with Binomial Data
260
Chapter
15
Death and Failure Data
263
Survival Analysis with Censoring
265
Chapter
16
Binary Response Variable
269
Incidence Functions
271
Ancova with a Binary Response Variable
275
Appendix
1:
Fundamentals of the
R
Language
281
R
as a Calculator
281
Assigning Values to Variables
282
Generating Repeats
283
Generating Factor Levels
283
Changing the Look of Graphics
284
Reading Data from a File
286
Vector Functions in
R
287
Subscripts: Obtaining Parts of Vectors
288
Subscripts as Logical Variables
289
Subscripts with Arrays
289
Subscripts with Lists
291
Writing Functions in
R
292
Sorting and Ordering
292
Counting Elements within Arrays
294
Tables of Summary Statistics
294
Converting Continuous Variables into Categorical Variables Using cut
295
The split Function
295
Trellis Plots
297
The xyplot Function
299
Three-dimensional
(3-D)
Plots
300
Matrix Arithmetic
301
Solving Systems of Linear Equations
304
References and Further Reading
305
Index
309
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
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| bvnumber | BV036130825 |
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| id | DE-604.BV036130825 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T14:31:28Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 9780470022986 9780470022979 0470022973 0470022981 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-020213128 |
| oclc_num | 634545780 |
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| owner | DE-703 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-824 DE-20 DE-188 |
| owner_facet | DE-703 DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-824 DE-20 DE-188 |
| physical | XIII, 327 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2010 |
| publishDateSearch | 2010 |
| publishDateSort | 2010 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Crawley, Michael J. 1949- Statistics an introduction using R Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd R Programm (DE-588)4705956-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4056995-0 (DE-588)4705956-4 |
| title | Statistics an introduction using R |
| title_auth | Statistics an introduction using R |
| title_exact_search | Statistics an introduction using R |
| title_full | Statistics an introduction using R Michael J. Crawley |
| title_fullStr | Statistics an introduction using R Michael J. Crawley |
| title_full_unstemmed | Statistics an introduction using R Michael J. Crawley |
| title_short | Statistics |
| title_sort | statistics an introduction using r |
| title_sub | an introduction using R |
| topic | Statistik (DE-588)4056995-0 gnd R Programm (DE-588)4705956-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Statistik R Programm |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020213128&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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