Oskar Halecki - historyk, szermierz wolności:
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Polnisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Warszawa
Instytut Pamięci Narodowej - Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu
2009
|
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018970322&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018970322&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Beschreibung: | Zsfassung in engl. Sprache |
| Umfang: | 308, [1] S. Ill. 21 cm. |
| ISBN: | 9788376290812 |
Internformat
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819275708338274304 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | SPIS TREŚCI
WSTĘP
.................................................................................................. 7
TEKSTY OSKARA HALECKIEGO
I.
Historyk Kościoła
Na przełomach stuleci. Z refleksji nad tysiącleciem Polski
katolickiej
......................................................................................... 48
Pierwsze tysiąclecie katolickiej Polski
............................................. 58
Podstawy i normy nowego ładu w stosunkach międzynarodowych.
.. 75
II.
Historyk średniowiecza
Spór o Warneńczyka
......................................................................... 80
Pośmiertne dzieła Jadwigi
(1400-1424).......................................... 99
Ш.
Unia, federacja, Rosja
Unia Polski z Litwą a unia
kalmarska
.............................................. 127
Idea jagiellońska
............................................................................... 143
Wschód europejski, Polska a Rosja
.................................................. 166
IV.
Podzielona Europa
Pius
XII
a Europa Wschodnia
.......................................................... 179
Podziały geograficzne: dwie Europy Środkowe
............................... 193
Świat słowiański, Europa Wschodnia, Europa Środkowa
................ 208
V.
O miejsce Polski w Europie
Szósty rozbiór Polski
........................................................................ 215
Powojenna Polska
............................................................................ 230
Mit linii Curzona
............................................................................. 244
VI.
Uniwersytety profesora Haleckiego
Sześćsetlecie Uniwersytetu Kazimierza Wielkiego
......................... 248
Polski uczony
-
szermierzem wolności
............................................ 260
BIBLIOGRAFIA PRAC OSKARA HALECKIEGO
....................... 270
Suramary
............................................................................................... 297
Indeks osób
........................................................................................... 302
SUMMARY
After many years, this book is the first study relating to
Oskar Halecki,
one
of the greatest Polish historians. Although
35
years have passed since his death,
he remains the best known and most readily quoted Polish historian outside
the country. In Poland, however, his academic output is largely unknown, since,
owing to the anti-Communist stance of the professor, his post-war works were not
published before
1989
and the previous ones were not reissued. The present volu¬
me is meant to fill in the lacuna. It must be pointed out that, in
2008,
the Institute
of National Remembrance established the
Oskar
Halecki history award.
Oskar
Halecki was born on
26
May
1891
in Vienna, in the family of an Austro-
-Hungarian general whose ancestors came from the Polish Eastern Borderlands.
His mother was a daughter of a Croatian district chief. Oskar s father did not speak
Polish but he was aware of his Polish roots. Even before his death, he ordered his
son to study in
Kraków,
which was treated by the future historian as a testamentary
obligation.
Followinghisfather swill,
Oskar
startedhis studies atthe University in
Kraków;
it was also there that he defended his doctoral thesis
Zgoda sandomierska
1570
roku, jej geneza i znaczenie w dziejach reformacji polskiej za Zygmunta Augusta
(The Sandomierz
Agreement of
1570,
its Genesis and Significance in the History
of Polish Reformation under
Zygmunt
August). In
1916,
he obtained a postdoc¬
toral degree at his alma mater and worked there until
1918
as a private assist¬
ant professor , waiting to become a chair. In
1919,
he was employed at Warsaw
University where he became a lecturer in the history of Central and Eastern
Europe. The first academic publications of the young historian came out even
before the outbreak of the Great War. Halecki then mostly dealt with sphragistics
and other subdisciplines of history. He also published contributions to the history
of magnate families.
When the war broke out in August
1914,
he was among the historians who sup¬
ported the Polish Legions and the Supreme National Committee (NKN). Due to his
poor eyesight, he could not fight actively. Therefore, he wrote about national issues
in the NKN publications, as well as in the Vienna papers. Owing to his expertise
in the extremely vital issues at the time, he was included in the Polish delegation for
the Versailles peace conference, in the capacity of an expert. After the war, Halecki
became involved in working with the League of Nations. In
1921-1926,
he frequent¬
ly visited the League institutions. In
1922-1924,
he was a member of the League
of Nations Committee on Intellectual Cooperation in which he worked as a sec¬
retary. He initiated a number of measures with a view to bring academic circles
from various countries closer to one another, to foster the exchange of publications
297
and support the organisation of international scientific conferences. What seems
a standard practice today was only coming into being after the Great War thanks
to his ideas. In this area, he cooperated with, among others, Henri
Bergson,
Maria
Curie-Skłodowska
and Albert Einstein. After many years of productive activity,
the Committee could be treated as an anticipation of UNESCO.
In
1925-1926,
Halecki was the manager of the University Cooperation Division
at the International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation in Paris. He wrote about
the League and its role in academic periodicals and the press where he proved
the validity of its objectives and popularised its activities. During the Second World
War, when someone asked him about the significance of this organisation, he ex¬
pressed a positive opinion about it. What he said was that, although it lacked ex¬
ecutive powers and its ideas were distorted by the policies of the aggressors, it had
done a lot of good. He pointed out, not without a reason, that the United Nations
Organization is an improved version of the League. The purpose of both was and
still is the preservation of peace and organisation of international relations that
eliminates conflicts between countries and nations.
The then intellectual atmosphere and the activity of the League of Nations were
conducive to the idea of the international congresses of historians. Significantly,
Halecki took part in all the symposiums of the historians: starting with Brussels
(1923),
then Oslo
(1928),
Warsaw
(1933), Zürich (1938),
and in the post-war period
Paris
(1950),
Rome
(1955),
Stockholm
(I960)
and finally Vienna, five years later.
The renowned Polish historian Marian
Kukieł
emphasised the amazing passion with
which Halecki defended Polish interests. However, the defence was difficult, since
the People s Republic of Poland representatives at the congresses were supported
by regime historians from other Eastern Bloc countries.
Γη
the interwar period, it was due to Halecki s initiative that the international
debate on the place and role of Central and Eastern Europe, its borders and relations
with the other part of the continent was started. A particularly heated discussion
concerned the eastern border of Europe,
i.e.
the European or Asian nature of Russia.
Thanks to his active participation in the debates, the international prestige of the
Polish historian grew, helped by his exceptional linguistic aptitude. He fluently
spoke and wrote in Latin, French, German, Italian, English and, of course, Polish.
Many a time, he would switch into a different language during a public appearance.
He was an exceptionally able and compelling speaker, very precise in his treatment
of both the subject and the time assigned for his speech. Halecki also had the op¬
portunity to present his academic and oratorical prowess during smaller interna¬
tional meetings, attended by historians from our region. Halecki worked in unison
with
Marceli
Handelsman
in order to organise the meetings. In
1927,
they set up
the Federation of Historical Societies of Eastern Europe which became a forum for
the exchange of opinions about the periodisation of the history of the region and its
place in the history of the continent.
298
Halecki
belonged to numerous Polish and foreign institutions and academic or¬
ganisations. Among others, from
7
June
1929,
he was a corresponding member and
then, from
12
June
1936,
active member of the History and Philosophy Department
at the Polish Academy of Learning
(PAU).
Simultaneously, he acted as the
PAU
de¬
legate at the
Conseil de perfectionnement de l Institut Français de Varsovie
(1932—
-1939).
He was also the president of the Polish Heraldic Society, and in
1930-1939,
he worked as the editor of the
Miesięcznik Heraldyczny
(Heraldic Monthly) for
which he wrote many articles.
At the same time, he had an important position as a Catholic intellectual. He wrote
numerous articles about the role of the Faith and the Church in history; through his in¬
transigent attitude he fell into disfavour with even the greatest authorities. For exam¬
ple, he is well-known for his critical review of Arnold Toynbee s work^K Historian^
Approach to Religion (Oxford University Press,
1956)
which he criticised for insuf¬
ficiently emphasising the importance of the Faith and the Church. Halecki criticised
this outstanding historian for his breakaway from the common heritage of himself and
the civilisation in which he functioned.
In
1938,
the
Kosciuszko
Foundation invited Halecki to give lectures at the uni¬
versities and colleges of the US Eastern Seaboard and the middle America. A dozen
or so lectures given in
1938
in the United States made it possible for him to learn
about America, become familiar with its universities and establish necessary, as it
was to turn out in the future, contacts. At the outbreak of the Second World War,
Halecki was in Switzerland and, since there was no communication with Poland,
he decided to leave for France. He immediately joined the mainstream of social and
academic work; he started giving lectures at the
Sorbonne,
organised the Polish
University in Exile and wrote historical press articles which contained clear allu¬
sions to the present.
Faced with the German aggression of France, in May
1940,
he went to Spain,
then to Portugal and from there to America. In the New Continent, he took advan¬
tage of the contacts established in
1938;
of particular significance was the fact that
the president of the
Vassar
College was Henry Noble MacCracken who was simul¬
taneously the president of the
Kosciuszko
Foundation. Thanks to his intercession,
Halecki could become employed at the above college. He worked there from
1940
to
1942,
giving lectures in Central and Eastern European history.
In
1942,
the American and Polish academics that came to the United States,
as well as those Poles who had already worked there, set up the Polish Institute
of Arts and Sciences of America (PIASA), an institution which was supposed
to substitute the
PAU,
which had been closed down under the occupation, and rep¬
resent Polish learning in the free world. Halecki was assigned the responsibilities
of the executive director. In March
1953,
he became the president of the Institute
and held the function until
1962.
From
1964
until his death in
1973,
he was the ho¬
norary president of PIASA.
299
When, on
26
January
1945,
re-established after the occupation, the Polish
Academy of Learning started functioning, it remained an open question in which
way it was to take over control of the New York
PAU
division represented by
PIASA. Halecki cut short the expectations of the Communist authorities in a very
quick and competent way. In the fourth volume of the Bulletin of the Polish
Institute of Arts and Sciences in America
(1945-1946),
published in English,
he wrote that the Institute would rather face financial deficiency than put its in¬
dependence on the line. On
22
June
1945,
there was a change of the statute which
enabled the Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences to continue functioning as an in¬
dependent institution. This was obviously connected with the fact that in March
1949,
under pressure from the regime,
PAU
threw away its outstanding members:
Prof
Oskar
Halecki, Jan Kucharzewski
-
an eminent Russian history expert, Prof
Henryk
Arctowski
-
geographer and polar explorer, as well as the mathematicians
Prof Alfred Tarski and Prof
Antoni
Zygmund.
During the war, Halecki repeatedly made statements about the situation
of Poland. He particularly opposed the adoption of the
Curzon
line as the basis for
the new border of Poland and fought against distortions and simplifications relating
to many aspects of Polish history.
His participation in the public debate, world renowned academic output, as well
as attitude of a lay Catholic attracted the attention of the Jesuit Fordham University.
In February
1944,
the dean of this university offered Halecki a post at the school.
Professor accepted the offer. He worked at Fordham University until
70
years
of age, when he retired
(1961).
Also in
1944,
he started lecturing at the
Université de Montréal
where he taught
until
1951.
He engaged in a similar cooperation with the famous University
of California at which he was a lecturer in
1945-1962.
The natural consequences
of Halecki s growing academic renown were further offers of employment. In a let¬
ter, dated
4
April
1955,
Columbia University in the City of New York informed
him about employing him as a Visiting
Profesor
of History, as of
1
July
1955,
for
the period of one semester. The agreement was later renewed each year until
30
June
1963.
As a side effect, the well-deserved pension at Fordham caused an ava¬
lanche of invitations to give lectures at other universities. Altogether, Halecki was
a permanent or occasional lecturer at
81
colleges and universities; he was present
or spoke at an even greater number of occasional celebrations and meetings.
He did not shun politics. There are preserved his reports and photos with
Alojzy
Mazewski from the Polish American Congress sessions; he gave lectures about
the federative policy and even
Piłsudski
himself for the
Józef Piłsudski
Institute
in New York. Even in the
60s,
he polemicised in the Institute Bulletin about
the theses on the
Curzon
line, still cropping up in academic and popular periodicals.
He represented Primate Stefan
Wyszyński
at the Vatican celebration on the occa¬
sion of the Millennium of the Baptism of Poland
(1966).
Apart from publications
300
about the Union of Florence, the Polish-Lithuanian federation and numerous papers
on mediaeval history, Halecki left a legacy in the form of interesting monographs
about a new chronology of the history and borders of Europe. They are still up-to-
-date now.
The book contains an introduction in which Halecki s life and academic output
are discussed. It also contains
16
articles by him that represent his main areas of re¬
search. There is also a complete bibliography of the historian s works, edited, like
the whole volume, by
Janusz Cisek.
|
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| publisher | Instytut Pamięci Narodowej - Komisja Ścigania Zbrodni przeciwko Narodowi Polskiemu |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Halecki, Oskar 1891-1973 Oskar Halecki - historyk, szermierz wolności Halecki, Oskar <1891-1973> Halecki, Oskar 1891-1973 (DE-588)116405104 gnd Historians Poland Biography Historians United States Biography |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)116405104 (DE-588)4006432-3 (DE-588)4006804-3 |
| title | Oskar Halecki - historyk, szermierz wolności |
| title_auth | Oskar Halecki - historyk, szermierz wolności |
| title_exact_search | Oskar Halecki - historyk, szermierz wolności |
| title_full | Oskar Halecki - historyk, szermierz wolności Janusz Cisek |
| title_fullStr | Oskar Halecki - historyk, szermierz wolności Janusz Cisek |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oskar Halecki - historyk, szermierz wolności Janusz Cisek |
| title_short | Oskar Halecki - historyk, szermierz wolności |
| title_sort | oskar halecki historyk szermierz wolnosci |
| topic | Halecki, Oskar <1891-1973> Halecki, Oskar 1891-1973 (DE-588)116405104 gnd Historians Poland Biography Historians United States Biography |
| topic_facet | Halecki, Oskar <1891-1973> Halecki, Oskar 1891-1973 Historians Poland Biography Historians United States Biography Polen USA Bibliografie Biografie |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018970322&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=018970322&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT haleckioskar oskarhaleckihistorykszermierzwolnosci AT cisekjanusz oskarhaleckihistorykszermierzwolnosci |