Cross-cultural psychology: critical thinking and contemporary applications
Gespeichert in:
| Beteiligte Personen: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Boston, Mass. [u.a.]
Allyn & Bacon
2010
|
| Ausgabe: | 4. ed. |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=017379200&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | XIII, 369 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 9780205823482 0205823483 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819290460533817344 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Titel: Cross-cultural psychology
Autor: Shiraev, Eric
Jahr: 2010
CONTENTS
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xiii
Chapter 1 Understanding Cross-Cultural Psychology 1
What Is Cross-Cultural Psychology? 2
Basic Definitions 3
Culture 3
Society, Race, and Ethnicity 4
Knowledge in Cross-Cultural Psychology 6
Cultural Traditionalism 9
Empirical Examination of Culture 11
Collectivism and Individualism: Further Research 13
Cultural Syndromes 14
Evolutionary Approach 14
Sociological Approach 15
Ecocultural Approach 16
The Cultural Mixtures Approach: A New Cross-Cultural
Psychology in the Twenty-First Century? 18
The Integrative Approach: A Summary 19
Indigenous Psychology 21
Ethnocentrism 21
Multiculturalism 21
A Brief History of the Field 22
Chapter 2 Methodology of Cross-Cultural Research 27
Goals of Cross-Cultural Research 28
Quantitative Research in Cross-Cultural Psychology 29
Quantitative Approach: Measurement Scales 29
Quantitative Approach: Looking for Links and Differences
Qualitative Approach in Cross-Cultural Psychology 31
Major Steps for Preparation of a Cross-Cultural Study 32
Sample Selection 33
Observation in Cross-Cultural Psychology 35
Survey Methods 36
Experimental Studies 38
30
in
IV Contents
Content-Analysis 38
Focus-Group Methodology 39
Meta-Analysis: Research of Research 40
A Hidden Obstacle of Cross-Cultural Studies: Test Translation 40
Comparing Two Phenomena: Some Important Principles 42
On Similarities and Differences: Some Critical Thinking
Applications 43
Cultural Dichotomies 44
There Are Fewer Differences than One Might Think 44
There Are More Differences than One Might Expect 45
Avoiding Bias of Generalizations 45
Know More about Cultures You Examine 47
Chapter 3 Critical Thinking in Cross-Cultural Psychology 53
The Evaluative Bias of Language: To Describe Is to Prescribe 54
Differentiating Dichotomous Variables and Continuous
Variables: Black and White, or Shades of Gray? 57
The Similarity-Uniqueness Paradox: All Phenomena Are Both
Similar and Different 59
The Barnum Effect: One-Size-Fits-All Descriptions 61
The Assimilation Bias: Viewing the World through
Schema-Colored Glasses 63
The Representativeness Bias: Fits and Misfits of
Categorization 65
The Availability Bias: The Persuasive Power of Vivid Events 68
The Fundamental Attribution Error: Underestimating the
Impact of External Influences 71
The Self-Fulfilling Prophecy: When Expectations Create
Reality 74
Correlation Does Not Prove Causation: Confusing What
with Why 76
Bidirectional Causation and Multiple Causation: Causal Loops
and Compound Pathways 79
Bidirectional Causation 79
Multiple Causation 80
The Naturalistic Fallacy: Blurring the Line between Is and
Should 82
The Belief Perseverance Effect: Don t Confuse Me with
the Facts! 85
Conclusions: To Metathink or Not to Metathink? 88
Contents
Chapter 4 Cognition: Sensation, Perception, and States
of Consciousness 93
Sensation and Perception: Basic Principles 94
How Culture Influences What We Perceive 95
How People Perceive Pictures 97
Perception of Depth 98
Are People Equally Misled by Visual Illusions? 99
Some Cultural Patterns of Drawing 100
Perception of Color 100
Other Senses 103
Hearing 103
Taste 103
Smell 103
Touch 104
Perception of Time 105
Perception of the Beautiful 106
Perception of Music 108
Consciousness and Culture 109
Sleep and Cultural Significance of Dreams 110
Beyond Altered States of Consciousness 114
Chapter 5 Intelligence 120
Defining Intelligence 121
Ethnic Differences in IQ Scores 123
Explaining Group Differences in Test Scores: Intelligence
and Intelligent Behavior 125
Do Biological Factors Contribute to Intelligence? 126
Incompatibility of Tests: Cultural Biases 127
A Word about Cultural Literacy 128
Environment and Intelligence 129
Socioeconomic Factors 130
The Family Factor 131
Natural Selection and IQ Scores 133
Cultural Values of Cognition 133
General Cognition: What Is Underneath Intelligence? 137
Classification 137
Sorting 137
Memory 138
vi Contents
Formal and Mathematical Reasoning 138
Creativity 139
Cognitive Skills, School Grades, and Educational Systems 140
Culture, Tests, and Motivation 141
IQ, Culture, and Social Justice 143
And in the End, Moral Values 145
Chapter 6 Emotion 150
When We Laugh We Are Happy: Similarities of Emotional
Experience 152
You Cannot Explain Pain If You Have Never Been Hurt:
Differences in Emotional Experience 154
Emotions: Different or Universal? 157
Physiological Arousal 157
The Meaning of Preceding Events 158
Emotion as an Evaluation 161
We Are Expected to Feel in a Particular Way 162
How People Assess Emotional Experience 163
When Emotions Signal a Challenge: Cross-Cultural Research
on Stress and Anxiety 164
Expression of Emotion 165
When Emotion Hurts: Cross-Cultural Studies of Anger 168
Emotion and Inclination to Act 169
Emotion and Judgment 169
Chapter 7 Motivation and Behavior 172
A Glance into Evolution 173
Social Science: See the Society First 174
Drive and Arousal: Two Universal Mechanisms of
Motivation 174
The Power of the Unconscious: Psychoanalysis 175
Humanistic Theories 176
Learning and Motivation 178
A Carrot and a Beef Tongue: Hunger and Food Preference 178
When Hunger Causes Distress: Eating Disorders 179
Victory and Harmony: Achievement Motivation 180
Aggressive Motivation and Violence 183
Culture and Sexuality 188
Sex and Sexuality: Some Cross-Cultural Similarities 191
Contents vii
Chapter 8 Human Development and Socialization 195
Development and Socialization 196
Quality of Life and the Child s Development 196
Norms, Customs, and Child Care 197
Parental Values and Expectations 199
Erikson s Stages of Psychosocial Development 200
Piaget s Stages of Cognitive Development 202
Stages of Moral Development According to Kohlberg 203
Developmental Stages 204
Life before Birth: Prenatal Period 205
First Steps: Infancy 206
Discovering the World: Childhood 209
Major Rehearsal: Adolescence 211
Adulthood 214
Late Adulthood 216
Chapter 9 Psychological Disorders 221
American Background: DSM-IV 222
Two Views on Culture and Psychopathology 223
Central and Peripheral Symptoms: An Outcome of the
Debate between Universalists and Relativists 225
Culture-Bound Syndromes 226
Anxiety Disorders 230
Depressive Disorders 232
Schizophrenia 235
Culture and Suicide 236
Personality Disorders 239
Is Substance Abuse Culturally Bound? 244
Psychodiagnostic Biases 246
Psychotherapy 247
Culture Match? 249
Chapter 10 Social Perception and Social Cognition 255
Values 256
Western and Non-Western Values 258
Striving for Consistency: The Cognitive Balance Theory 260
Avoiding Inconsistency: Cognitive Dissonance 260
Psychological Dogmatism 261
viii Contents
Social Attribution 261
Attribution as Locus of Control 262
Attribution of Success and Failure 264
Self-Perception 266
Do Social Norms Affect the Way We See Our Own Body? 267
Duty and Fairness in Individualist and Collectivist Cultures 268
Stereotypes and the Power of Generalizations 270
On National Character 272
Chapter 11 Social Interaction 277
Universal Interaction 278
Direct Contacts 281
Conformity 282
Is Conformity Universal across Cultures? 284
Following Orders 288
Social Influence 289
Feeling Good about Some Views 291
Is Social Loafing Universal? 292
Cooperation and Competition 292
Leadership 293
Chapter 12 Applied Cross-Cultural Psychology: Some
Highlights 299
Health 300
Spirituality, Science, and Health 303
Business Decisions 306
Working with Immigrants 309
Education 312
Culture, Behavior, and the Law 313
Human Rights 314
Working and Serving Abroad 316
Religion: A Campus Context 318
Conclusion 319
References 322
Author Index 352
Subject Index 357
|
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| spellingShingle | Shiraev, Eric 1960- Levy, David A. Cross-cultural psychology critical thinking and contemporary applications Ethnopsychology Methodology Kulturvergleich (DE-588)4114328-0 gnd Ethnopsychologie (DE-588)4188478-4 gnd Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4114328-0 (DE-588)4188478-4 (DE-588)4047704-6 |
| title | Cross-cultural psychology critical thinking and contemporary applications |
| title_auth | Cross-cultural psychology critical thinking and contemporary applications |
| title_exact_search | Cross-cultural psychology critical thinking and contemporary applications |
| title_full | Cross-cultural psychology critical thinking and contemporary applications Eric B. Shiraev ; David A. Levy |
| title_fullStr | Cross-cultural psychology critical thinking and contemporary applications Eric B. Shiraev ; David A. Levy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cross-cultural psychology critical thinking and contemporary applications Eric B. Shiraev ; David A. Levy |
| title_short | Cross-cultural psychology |
| title_sort | cross cultural psychology critical thinking and contemporary applications |
| title_sub | critical thinking and contemporary applications |
| topic | Ethnopsychology Methodology Kulturvergleich (DE-588)4114328-0 gnd Ethnopsychologie (DE-588)4188478-4 gnd Psychologie (DE-588)4047704-6 gnd |
| topic_facet | Ethnopsychology Methodology Kulturvergleich Ethnopsychologie Psychologie |
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