The phylogenetic method in taxonomy: the North American species of Artemisia, Chrysothamnus and Atriplex
Gespeichert in:
| Beteiligte Personen: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Washington, DC
Carnegie Institution
1923
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Publication / Carnegie Institution
326 |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=020164543&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | IV, 355 S. Ill. |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a The phylogenetic method in taxonomy |b the North American species of Artemisia, Chrysothamnus and Atriplex |c by Harvey M. Hall and Frederic E. Clements |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | THE PHYLGGENETIC METHOD IN TAXONOMY
THE NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF ARTEMISIA, CHRYSOTHAMNUS,
AND ATRIPLEX
BY
HARVEY M HALL AND FREDERIC E CLEMENTS
Carnagj
P E L
IGH
VA
PUBLISHED BY THE CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OP WASHINGTON
WASHINGTON,, 1923
CONTENTS
PAGE
Introduction 3
Scope and duty of taxonomy 3
Scope , 3
Relation to ecology and experimental evolution 3
Duty 4
Scientific basis of taxonomy , v 4
Classification and relationship 4
Evolution and phylogeny 5
Synthesis and analysis 5
The genus concept 6
Nature of the genus 6
Genus and section 6
Generic segregation 7
Failures of segregation 7
Proper treatment of genera 8
The species concept 9
Nature of the species 9
Definition of species 9
Constancy 10
Distinctness 10
Evolutionary definition , 1 11
Segregation of species 11
Failures of specific segregation : 12
Scientific basis of species 14
Nomenclature 16
Purpose and value 16
Future role 16
Essentials of stability 17
Practical nomenclature 17
A binomial system of common names 19
Methods and results in evolutionary taxonomy 19
Methods 19
Statistics 19
Experiment 20
Method of experiment 21
Objectives ; 22
Variads 23
Methods of treatment 23
General plan 23
Field work 24
Results of statistical studies and experiments 25
Illustrations 26
Phylogenetic charts 27
Citation of authors, synonyms, and specimens 27
Herbaria studied and acknowledgments 28
References 30
Genus Artemisia 31
Relationships and generic limits ^ 31
Origin and development of the sections * 34
Criteria for recognition of species and subspecies 37
Achene 37
Style-branches • • • • 38
Corolla 38
Number and reduction of flowers in the head 39
Involucre 40
Inflorescence 40
Leaves 41
Stem and bark 42
Roots 43
Pubescence 43
Resins, oils, and odors 43
Habit 43
PAGE
Genus Artemisia—Continued
Relative plasticity of the species 44
Generic diagnosis 45
Key to sections of Artemisia 46
Key to North American species of-Artemisia 46
Artificial key to North American species of
Artemisia 47
Section I Abrotanum 49
Phylogeny of the species 49
1 Artemisia abrotanum 49
Description 49
Distribution 51
Minor variations 51
Relationships 51
Ecology and uses 51
2 Artemisia pontica 52
3 Artemisia californica 53
4 Artemisia macrobotrys 56
5 Artemisia norvegica 57
6 Artemisia senjavinensis - 65
7 Artemisia parryi 66
8 Artemisia stelleriana 67
9 Artemisia alaskana ; 68
10 Artemisia franserioides 69
11 Artemisia vulgaris 71
12 Artemisia biennis 101
13 Artemisia annua 102
14 Artemisia klotzschiana 103
15 Artemisia bigelovi 104
Section II Absinthium 106
Phylogeny of the species 106
16 Artemisia absinthium 106
i 17 Artemisia frigida 108
18 Artemisia scopulorum 110
19 Artemisia pattersoni 112
Section III Dracunculus 114
Phylogeny of the species 1 114
20 Artemisia dracunculus 115
21 Artemisia campestris 120
22 Artemisia filifolia 130
23 Artemisia pedatifida 131
24 Artemisia spinescens 132
Section IV Seriphidium 134
Phylogeny of the species 134
25 Artemisia tridentata 135
26 Artemisia cana 150
27iNArtemisia rigida 153
28 Artemisia pygmaea 154
29 Artemisia palmeri 155
Genus Chrysothamnus 157
History, limits, and relationships 157
Division into sections 160
Origin and development of sections 161
Criteria for recognition of species and subspecies 164
Achene 164
Pappus 164
Style-branches : ; 164
Stamens 165
Corolla : 165
Number of flowers in the head 167
Involucre J 167
Inflorescence ! 169
II CONTENTS
PAGE
Genus Chrysothamnus—Continued
Leaves • • 169
Stem and bark 169
Roots 169
Pubescence 170
Resins, oils, and other physiological products 171
Habit 171
Fixity of species and subspecies and of their
characters 171
Generic diagnosis 174
Key to the sections and species of Chrysothamnus 175
Section I Punctati 175
1 Chrysothamnus paniculatus 175
Description 1 175
Distribution 175
Relationships 176
Ecology and uses 176
2 Chrysothamnus teretifolius 176
Section II Typici 178
3 Chrysothamnus gramineus 178
4 Chrysothamnus vaseyi 179
5 Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus 180
6 Chrysothamnus greenei 190
7 Chrysothamnus albidus 192
Section III Pulchelli 192
8 Chrysothamnus pulchellus 193
9 Chrysothamnus depressus 195
Section IV Nauseosi 195
10 Chrysothamnus pyramidatus 197
11 Chrysothamnus parryi 198
12 Chrysothamnus nauseosus 209
Genus Atriplex 235
History and generic limits 235
Origin and development of sections 237
Criteria for recognition of species and subspecies 240
Seed 241
Flowers 242
Fruiting bracts 240
Inflorescence • 243
Leaves I 243
1 Pubescence 243
Habit 243
Generic diagnosis - 244
Artificial key to species of Atriplex 244
1 Atriplex hortensis 247
Description 247
Distribution 247
Minor variations and synonyms 247
Relationships 248
Ecology and uses 248
PAGE
Genus Atriplex—Continued
2 Atriplex patula 248
3 Atriplex californica 257
4 Atriplex maritima 258
5 Atriplex rosea • 259
6 Atriplex tatarica ; 261
7 Atriplex semibaccata 262
8 Atriplex halimoides 263
9 Atriplex dioeca 264
10 Atriplex monilifera 265
11 Atriplex phyllostegia 266
12 Atriplex cordulata 269
13 Atriplex tularensis 271
14 Atriplex pusilla 272
15 Atriplex tenuissima 273
16 Atriplex parishi 274
17 Atriplex truncata 276
18 Atriplex wolfi 279
19 Atriplex graciliflora 279
20 Atriplex saccaria 280
21 Atriplex argentea 282
22 Atriplex coronata : 288
23 Atriplex powelli 290
24 Atriplex leucophylla 292
25 Atriplex pentandra 294
26 Atriplex elegans 300
27 Atriplex microcarpa 303
28 Atriplex wrighti 304
29 Atriplex bracteosa 305
30 Atriplex linifolia 308
31 Atriplex fruticulosa 309
32 Atriplex coulteri 310
33 Atriplex decumbens 311
34 Atriplex matamorensis 312
35 Atriplex barclayana 313
36 Atriplex acanthocarpa 320
37 Atriplex obovata 321
38 Atriplex nuttalli 322
39 Atriplex corrugata 330
40 Atriplex polycarpa 331
41 Atriplex julacea 333
42 Atriplex hymenelytra 333
43 Atriplex lentiformis 334
44 Atriplex confertifolia 338
45 Atriplex spinifera 340
46 Atriplex parryi 341
47 Atriplex canescens • 342
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Hall, Harvey Monroe Clements, Frederic E. 1874-1945 |
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| spellingShingle | Hall, Harvey Monroe Clements, Frederic E. 1874-1945 The phylogenetic method in taxonomy the North American species of Artemisia, Chrysothamnus and Atriplex |
| title | The phylogenetic method in taxonomy the North American species of Artemisia, Chrysothamnus and Atriplex |
| title_auth | The phylogenetic method in taxonomy the North American species of Artemisia, Chrysothamnus and Atriplex |
| title_exact_search | The phylogenetic method in taxonomy the North American species of Artemisia, Chrysothamnus and Atriplex |
| title_full | The phylogenetic method in taxonomy the North American species of Artemisia, Chrysothamnus and Atriplex by Harvey M. Hall and Frederic E. Clements |
| title_fullStr | The phylogenetic method in taxonomy the North American species of Artemisia, Chrysothamnus and Atriplex by Harvey M. Hall and Frederic E. Clements |
| title_full_unstemmed | The phylogenetic method in taxonomy the North American species of Artemisia, Chrysothamnus and Atriplex by Harvey M. Hall and Frederic E. Clements |
| title_short | The phylogenetic method in taxonomy |
| title_sort | the phylogenetic method in taxonomy the north american species of artemisia chrysothamnus and atriplex |
| title_sub | the North American species of Artemisia, Chrysothamnus and Atriplex |
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