Comparative government and politics: an introduction
Gespeichert in:
| Beteiligte Personen: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Houndmills [u. a.]
Macmillan Pr.
1992
|
| Ausgabe: | 3. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Comparative government and politics
|
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=019747569&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | XXII, 504 S. |
| ISBN: | 0333558197 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | COMPARATIVE
GOVERNMENT
AND POLITICS
An Introduction
Third Edition
Rod Hague
Martin Harrop
Shaun Breslin
M
MACMILLAN
Summary of Contents
PART 1 STUDYING POLITICS
1 Political Concepts 3
2 The Comparative Approach 23
PART 2 THE NATION-STATE: EVOLUTION AND
REVOLUTION
3 The Nation-State in Three Worlds 45
4 Revolution, Ideology and Political Change 66
5 The Nation-State in One World 100
PART 3 THE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF POLITICS
6 Political Culture 135
7 Political Participation 156
8 Elections and Voters 182
9 Interest Groups 209
10 Political Parties 234
PART 4 THE STRUCTURE OF GOVERNMENT
11 The Constitutional Framework 261
12 Assemblies 287
13 The Political Executive 313
14 The Bureaucracy 342
15 The Military and the Police 367
PART 5 POLICIES AND PERFORMANCE
16 The Policy Process 347
Contents
List of tables, figures, maps, exhibits and exercises
Preface
PART 1 STUDYING POLITICS
1 Political Concepts
Politics and government
The state
Sovereignty
Power
Elitist theories
Pluralist theories
Authority
Legitimacy
Summary
Discussion points
Key reading
Further reading
2 The Comparative Approach
The advantages of comparison
Providing context
Testing hypotheses
Improving classifications
Making predictions
The problems of comparison
Controlling comparisons
Frameworks of comparison
Comparing states
Comparing societies
Comparing policies
Techniques of comparison
Case studies
Statistical analysis
Focused comparisons
Summary
Discussion points
xvi
XXX
Vll
viii Contents
Key reading Ail
Further reading 42
PART 2 THE NATION-STATE: EVOLUTION AND
REVOLUTION
The Nation-State in Three Worlds
The three worlds
The first world: heartland of liberal democracy
Majority democracy: the Westminster model
Consensus democracy
The second world: communism and postcommunism
The failure of communism
The challenge of postcommunism
The third world: the politics of economics
An economic classification
From oligarchy to democracy?
Summary
Discussion points
Key reading
Further reading
Revolution, Ideology and Political Change
Types of political change
What is a revolution?
Explaining revolutionary change
Marxism
Functionalism
Social psychology
Comparative history
Three revolutions: France, Russia and Iran
France 1789
Russia 1917
Iran 1979
1989: the year of revolutions
Documenting the revolutions
Interpreting the revolutions
Ideology and revolution
What is an ideology?
How do ideologies arise?
The end of history?
Summary
Discussion points
Key reading
Further readins
Contents
5 The Nation-State in One World
Interdependence and the nation-state
The global economy
The trading world
The competition state
National variations
Transnational corporations
The financial world
The global village
The global ecology
Population growth
The first world: the driving force
From regulation to markets
From markets to blocs?
The second world: from isolation to integration
The old order: problems of isolation
The collapse
The new order: problems of integration
The third world: dependence or interdependence?
Liberal theory
Dependency theory
Summary
Discussion points
Key reading
Further reading
PART 3 THE SOCIAL CONTEXT OF POLITICS
6 Political Culture
The first world •
The civic culture
Ideological hegemony
Postmaterialism
The second world
The failure of transformation
Political culture and the collapse of communism
The third world: local political cultures
Tradition and modernity
Political socialisation
Liberal and radical theories
Elite political culture
Summary
Discussion points
Key reading
Further reading
ix
x Contents
7 Political Participation 156
Types of participation 156
The first world 157
How much, by whom, so what? 157
New politics 159
The second world 162
Regimented participation 162
The transition to postcommunism 165
The third world 167
Patrons and clients 168
Participation and development 168
Public opinion 170
Opinion polls 172
The media 173
The first world 173
The second world 175
The media under communism 175
The media and postcommunism 177
The third world 178
Summary 179
Discussion points 180
Key reading 181
Further reading 181
8 Elections and Voters 182
First world elections: bottom-up or top-down? 182
Elections in the second world 184
Elections under communist rule 184
Elections and the decay of communist rule 186
Postcommunism: the founding elections 187
Elections in the third world 190
Electoral systems 191
Converting votes into seats 192
Evaluating electoral systems 195
The social base of parties 196
The national revolution 198
The industrial revolution 200
The post-industrial revolution 201
Parties of reaction 202
Parties in the new world 202
Voting behaviour in liberal democracies 203
Classifying elections 203
Dealignment 205
Summary 206
Contents xi
Discussion points 207
Key reading 207
Further reading 208
9 Interest Groups 209
Classifying interest groups 210
Customary groups 211
Institutional groups 211
Protective groups 212
Promotional groups 213
Geographic groups and social movements 214
Channels of access a 215
Direct dealings with government 216
Indirect influence through parties 218
Indirect influence through the media 219
What makes an interest group influential? 220
The first world: pluralism or corporatism? 222
Pluralism 222
Corporatism 224
The second world: from channelled to active groups? 227
Groups under communist rule 227
The emergence of active groups 228
Groups in the third world 229
Summary 231
Discussion points 232
Key reading 232
Further reading • 233
10 Political Parties 234
The functions of parties 235
Parties in the first world 236
Party organisation 236
Party competition 240
Parties in the second world 241
Ruling communist parties 242
Means of control 245
Decline and fall 246
Postcommunist parties 247
Parties in the third world 249
No-party systems 249
One-party systems 250
Multi-party systems 251
Are parties in decline? 253
Summary 255
Discussion points 256
xii Contents
Key reading
Further reading
PART 4 THE STRUCTURES OF GOVERNMENT
11 The Constitutional Framework
Constitutions
Classifying constitutions
The origins of constitutions
Revising and replacing constitutions
When do constitutions succeed?
Federalism 3
Federations and confederations
The origins of federations
Classifying federations
The consequences of federalism
Central-provincial relationships
Assessment
Unitary government
Dual and fused systems
The two-way stretch
The judiciary
Administrative justice
Judicial independence and recruitment
Interpreting the constitution
The judiciary in the second world
The judiciary in the third world
Summary
Discussion points
Key reading
Further reading
12 Assemblies
Structure of assemblies
Number of chambers
Committees
Functions of assemblies
Representation
Making governments
Law-making and scrutiny
Recruitment and socialisation
Assemblies in three worlds: a policy classification
First world assemblies: policy-making and influencing
Second world: the assembly as theatre
Assemblies under communist rule
Contents xiii
Assemblies in postcommunist states 303
Third world assemblies: minimal and vulnerable 305
Problems of third-world assemblies 306
Functions of third world assemblies 307
The fall and rise of assemblies? 308
Summary 310
Discussion points 311
Key reading 311
Further reading 312
13 The Political Executive 313
What does the political executive do? 313
The first world: presidential executives 315
The United States 315
France 318
Finland 319
Assessment 320
The first world: parliamentary systems 320
Heads of state in parliamentary systems 321
Government and parliament 323
Prime ministers and cabinets 324
Collective responsibility 328
The second world: the communist executive 329
Personality cults 330
Succession crises 331
Formal structures: state and party 332
The second world: the post communist executive 335
The third world executive 336
Personal and unaccountable rule 336
Towards accountable executives 338
Summary 339
Discussion points 340
Key reading 341
Further reading 341
14 The Bureaucracy 342
The functions of bureaucracies 342
Sources of bureaucratic power 344
How are bureaucracies organised? 345
Bureaucracy in the first world 349
Organisation 350
Recruitment 351
Political control 353
The reach of political appointments 354
Norms of ministerial responsibility 355
xiv Contents
The use of political advisers
Bureaucracy in the second world
Bureaucratic power in the communist states
Organisation in the communist states
Bureaucracy in postcommunist states
Bureaucracy in the third world
The colonial legacy
Patronage and privilege
Summary
Discussion points
Key reading
s
Further reading
15 The Military and the Police
The state in uniform
The military: who guards the guards?
The first world: the liberal model
The military and policy-making
The military as a police force
The second world: the penetration model
The party in the army
The army in the party
The military and the collapse of communism
The third world: military coups
Types of military rule
Motives for military coups
Back to the barracks?
The police
Liberal and radical perspectives
Structure and organisation
Specialisation
Community or reactive policing?
Community relations
Policing the police
The police and politics
The secret police and surveillance
Summary
Discussion points
Key reading
Further readme
Contents xv
PART 5 POLICIES AND PERFORMANCE
16 The Policy Process 397
The policy focus 397
Synoptic and incremental models 398
Stages of the policy process 402
Initiation 402
Formulation 403
Implementation 404
Evaluation 406
The first world
Policy styles 406
The welfare state 409
Defining the welfare state 409
Development of the welfare state 409
Classifying welfare states 411
A crisis of the welfare state? 413
The second world 414
The planned economy 415
What did the planned economy achieve? 415
Dismantling the planned economy 418
The third world: policy stagnation 421
Summary 423
Discussion points 424
Key reading 424
Further reading 425
Appendix Information Sources for Politics Students 426
Books about specific countries and regions 426
Reference books 429
Keeping up to date 430
Starting a literature search 430
Books for the beach 430
References 432
Glossary 458
Index 473
|
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| indexdate | 2024-12-20T14:21:33Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0333558197 |
| language | English |
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| physical | XXII, 504 S. |
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| series2 | Comparative government and politics |
| spellingShingle | Hague, Rod 1945- Harrop, Martin Breslin, Shaun Comparative government and politics an introduction Politische Wissenschaft (DE-588)4076229-4 gnd Vergleichende politische Wissenschaft (DE-588)4137685-7 gnd Vergleichende Regierungslehre (DE-588)4187735-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4076229-4 (DE-588)4137685-7 (DE-588)4187735-4 (DE-588)4151278-9 |
| title | Comparative government and politics an introduction |
| title_auth | Comparative government and politics an introduction |
| title_exact_search | Comparative government and politics an introduction |
| title_full | Comparative government and politics an introduction Rod Hague ; Martin Harrop ; Shaun Breslin |
| title_fullStr | Comparative government and politics an introduction Rod Hague ; Martin Harrop ; Shaun Breslin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative government and politics an introduction Rod Hague ; Martin Harrop ; Shaun Breslin |
| title_short | Comparative government and politics |
| title_sort | comparative government and politics an introduction |
| title_sub | an introduction |
| topic | Politische Wissenschaft (DE-588)4076229-4 gnd Vergleichende politische Wissenschaft (DE-588)4137685-7 gnd Vergleichende Regierungslehre (DE-588)4187735-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Politische Wissenschaft Vergleichende politische Wissenschaft Vergleichende Regierungslehre Einführung |
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