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Foundations of comparative politics: democracies of the modern world

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Newton, Kenneth 1940- (Author), Deth, Jan W. van 1950- (Author)
Format:	Book
Language:	English
Published:	New York, NY [u.a.] Cambridge Univ. Press 2006
Edition:	Reprint.
Series:	Cambridge textbooks in comparative politics
Subjects:	Demokratie Vergleichende politische Wissenschaft
Links:	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015827771&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015827771&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
Physical Description:	XXVIII, 374 S. Ill., graph. Darst.
ISBN:	9780521829311 0521829313 9780521536202 0521536200

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Record in the Search Index

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adam_text	Contents Acknowledgements page List of XX List of fact files xxii List of controversies xxiii List of tables xxiv List of figures xxv List of abbreviations and acronyms xxvi Key terms and concepts xxviii PART I The state: origins and development 1 1 3 What is a state? 4 Territory, people and sovereignty 8 The rise of the modern state 11 Historical origins and development 11 State formation and nation building 12 State formation: penetration 13 Nation building: standardisation 13 Mass democracies: equalisation 14 Welfare states: redistribution 14 Catalysts: warfare and capitalism 15 Growth after 16 State theories 17 Constitutional approaches 18 Ethical and moral approaches 18 Conflict approaches 18 Pluralist approaches 19 Summary 20 Further reading 20 Projects 21 2 22 The modern state and democracy 23 IX Contents PART II Citizens 23 Elections and parliamentary accountability 24 Democracy and the rise of democratic states 26 Redistribution and the welfare state 29 Why study states? 30 Theories of state and society 34 State supremacy 34 State dependency 35 Interdependent 36 Separation and autonomy 36 Summary 37 Further reading 37 Projects 38 The polity: structures and institutions 39 Constitutions 41 What a constitution is, and why we have them 42 The division of powers 44 Executives 45 Legislatures 45 Strong and weak bicamemlism 48 Membership of the second house 49 Tenure and size 49 Judiciaries 49 Judicial activism 51 Unitary and federal states 51 The limits of constitutionalism 52 Constitutional and institutional theories 53 The old constitutionalism 53 The new constitutionalism 53 The new institutionalism 55 The mobilisation of bias 56 Institutional influence, rules and inertia 56 Marxist structural theory 57 Governance 57 Summary 58 Further reading 58 Projects 59 Presidential and parliamentary government 60 Presidential systems 61 Parliamentary systems 63 Semi-presidential systems 65 Presidential, parliamentary and semi-presidential systems compared Contents Theories of parliamentary, presidential and semi-presidential government Summary Further reading Projects Multi-level government: international, national and sub-national Supra-national and international government Confederations The European Union: federation or confederation? The national level: federal and unitary states Geographically large states States with markedly different geographical regions Unitary and federal systems in practice Quasi-feăeral Unitary, federal and Local government Fused systems Dual systems Local self-government Central-local political conflict Democracy, size and efficiency General-purpose authorities Joint bodies Special-purpose authorities Changing local government The interplay of multi-level government: the case of the European Union The arguments for and against centralisation and decentralisation Theories of multi-level government Philosophical and political theories: Mill and Tocqueville Pluralist theory Economic theories Rational choice Rational-choice theory of local government Centre-periphery relations Summary Further reading Projects xi Contents 6 legislatures Making laws: executives and legislatures The rise of executives Government complexity Delegated legislation The organisational advantages of executives The mass media Party organisation Increasing power of executives? The functions of legislatures Representation of public opinion Legitimation Law making Scrutiny of the executive and the administration Legislative committees Theories of democratic institutions: consensus and majoritarian systems 111 Majoritarian democracy, or the Westminster model Consensus democracy Summary Further reading Projects 7 The organisation of the state bureaucracy Policy making and administration The dictatorship of the official? The power of the official Mechanisms of control The New Public Management: reinventing government Privatisation and market efficiency Empowerment Theories of public bureaucracy The rational-legal ideal-type Clientelism The new right, rational choice and the New Public Management Rational choice and bureaucracy The New Public Management Summary Further reading Projects Xli Contents PART Citizens, elites and interest mediation 133 Political attitudes and behaviour 135 Political attitudes 136 Political interests and identity 136 Political culture 137 Pattern 138 Persistence 139 The civic culture 139 Cognitive 139 Affective 139 Evaluative 139 Materialism and post-materialism 141 Sub-cultures and elite cultures 143 Political cleavages 144 Political behaviour 146 Modes of political behaviour 147 Conventional and unconventional political behaviour 149 Patterns of political behaviour 149 Most people are not political 149 Sporadic political involvement 150 Participation rates are rising 151 Substantial variations in participation 151 Voters are not fools 151 The standard model of political participation 152 Gender, age and length of residence 153 Political elites 153 Theories of political attitudes and behaviour 154 Marxist and class theory 154 Elite theory 154 Rational-choice theory 155 Social capital theory and civic participation 156 Summary 156 Further reading 157 Projects 158 Pressure groups and social movements 159 Political connections 160 Voluntary organisations and pressure groups 160 Pressure groups and political parties 162 Social movements 162 Pressure groups and social movements in action 164 Groups and issues 165 The nature of sovernment 166 Xlii Contents Direct routes Indirect routes Determinants of power Group features The political environment Corporatism, para-government and tri-partism/pluralism Corporatism Para-government Tri-partism/pluralism International Groups, pressure groups and democracy Theories of voluntary organisations Pluralism Marxist/elitist theory Social capital and civil society theory Summary Further reading Projects 10 The mass media and democracy Regulating the media The public service model The market model Ownership and control The impact of the new media technology: globalisation and E-politics Theories of the mass media Summary Further reading Projects 11 Elections Democratic elections Voting systems Voting turnout Declining turnout? Determinants of election turnout System variables Individual characteristics Party voting Stratification and class voting Religious voting xiv Contents Other voting patterns New party voting patterns Tradition and change in Mexico Theories of voting Sociological approaches: the Columbia school Psychological approaches: the Michigan school Rational choice Summary Further reading Projects 12 Party organisation New parties and movements Party systems and party families Party families Party systems One-party and coalition government Coalition government Coalitions and government effectiveness Theories of parties The iron law of oligarchy Duverger s law Coalition theory Majoritarian and consensus government revisited Summary Further reading Projects PART IV Policies and performance 13 Christian democracy and socialism The nature of ideology Six democratic ideologies Conservatism Social ana political affairs Economics Liberalism Limited state power Parliamentary government and the division of powers Optimistic view of human nature Stow reform by individual action Free trade Christian democracy Natural law xv Contents Family, Subsidiarity Protection of the weak and poor Harmony, integration, consultation Socialism and social democracy Optimistic view of human nature Equality of opportunity Participatory democracy Mixed economy Peaceful reform Nationalism Ethno-nationalism and territory National independence Green political thought Sustainable development Decentralisation Direct participation and democracy Theories of ideology Marxist and neo-Marxist theories Marxist theory Neo-Marxist theory Material and non-material interests The end of ideology and the end of history Summary Further reading Projects 14 Public policies: their nature and importance Goals and results The nature of policy making processes Constraints Policy processes Unending policy cycles The public policy cycle Agenda setting Decision making Choice of means Implementation Outputs and outcomes Evaluation and feedback Public policy structures Corporatism Pluralism Tri-partite arrangements XVI Contents Policy communities Policy networks Theories of decision making The rational-comprehensive model The incremental model Muddling through Bounded rationality and advocacy coalitions Summary Further reading Projects 15 The state and security Defence and national security Conflict resolution Just wars Military expenditure Internal law and order Law enforcement Crime, punishment and prevention Other forms of protection Information Certification Permission Product safety The limitations of state security Terrorism International crime Corruption The limits of state power Theories of security and conflict The origins of conflict Realism and idealism Policy communities The military-industrial complex Summary Further reading Projects 16 Welfare states and redistribution Social security Social security and social expenditure Comparing social security systems The level of social expenditure xvii Contents The composition of social expenditure Trends in social expenditure Pensions and health programmes Pensions Health Social security and taxation Theories of the welfare state Conflict-oriented approaches Functionalist explanations Institutional approaches International and transnational dependencies Summary Further reading Projects 17 States and sovereignty Conventional states, proto-states and supra-national states Conventional states Proto-states Supra-national states Challenges to the state Concentration of commercial power Rise of international Globalisation Changing nature of conflicts Importance of international organisations The retreat of the state? Democracy without borders The quality of democracy Reform of state and government The future Summary Further reading Projects Glossary of key terms Index of names Index of subjects xvm Foundations of Comparative Politics This authoritative new introductory textbook covers the key concepts, theories and issues involved in the study of comparative politics. Focusing on democratic government, it covers all important topics in the field, from constitutional design and institutions through mass and elite politics, groups, parties, the media and governments to policy making and implementation. The final chapter considers the future of the state and democracy in a globalising world. The authors draw on experiences and examples from around the world, and the book includes an extensive supporting apparatus for students and teachers, including briefings, controversies, fact files, key terms, guides to further reading and related websites. Each chapter ends with a section dealing with major theoretical approaches to the subject. The aim is to give students a clear and comprehensive account of comparative politics and government at the start of the twenty-first century. KEN NEWTON is Professor of Comparative Politics at the University of Southampton, UK. He previously taught at the University of Essex, and was Director of the European Consortium for Political Research. Among his publications is the successful textbook, The New British Politics (Longmans, JAN W. VAN DETH is Professor of Political Science and International Comparative Social Research at the University of Mannheim, Germany and was Director of the Mannheim Centre for European Social Research (MZES). His main research areas are political culture (especially social capital and citizenship), social change and comparative research methods.
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spellingShingle	Newton, Kenneth 1940- Deth, Jan W. van 1950- Foundations of comparative politics democracies of the modern world Demokratie (DE-588)4011413-2 gnd Vergleichende politische Wissenschaft (DE-588)4137685-7 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4011413-2 (DE-588)4137685-7
title	Foundations of comparative politics democracies of the modern world
title_auth	Foundations of comparative politics democracies of the modern world
title_exact_search	Foundations of comparative politics democracies of the modern world
title_full	Foundations of comparative politics democracies of the modern world Ken Newton and Jan W. van Deth
title_fullStr	Foundations of comparative politics democracies of the modern world Ken Newton and Jan W. van Deth
title_full_unstemmed	Foundations of comparative politics democracies of the modern world Ken Newton and Jan W. van Deth
title_short	Foundations of comparative politics
title_sort	foundations of comparative politics democracies of the modern world
title_sub	democracies of the modern world
topic	Demokratie (DE-588)4011413-2 gnd Vergleichende politische Wissenschaft (DE-588)4137685-7 gnd
topic_facet	Demokratie Vergleichende politische Wissenschaft
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