General principles of community law:
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Hochschulschrift/Dissertation Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Groningen
Europa Law Publ.
2006
|
| Schriftenreihe: | The Hogendorp papers
6 |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015473954&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | XVIII, 480 S. |
| ISBN: | 9076871671 9789076871677 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819294033867964416 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | TABLE
ОГ
CONTENTS
Acknowledgements
vii
Abbreviations
xvi
Introduction
з
pakt i
The Creation of General Principles
The Creation of General Principles
9
Principles Don t Fall from Heaven
ю
chapter
ι
General Principles and the Domestic Law
1.1 General Principles and the Influence of Administrative and
Procedural National Law
17
1.1.1 Administrative Principles and the Influence of Continental
(German?) Law
19
a) Proportionality and Equality
20
b) Legal Certainty and Legitimate Expectations
23
1.1.2
Procedural Due Process and the Common Law Influence
26
1.1.3 The Transparency Principle and the Influence of North
Western Europe Law
29
1.2
General Principles and Constitutional Traditions
32
1.2.1
From Stork to Internationale
Handelsgesellschaft 33
a) From Stork to
Stauder 33
b)
The Obiter Dictum in Internationale
Handelsgesellschaft:
a Semi-Solution?
35
1.2.2
Comparative Analysis and the ECJ as a Constitutional
Laboratory
36
a) Comparative Analysis in the Court
37
b) Comparative Analysis of Constitutional Provisions in
the
AG
Opinions
40
1.3
Evaluative Approach and Standard of Protection
43
1.3.1 Minimalist and Maximalist Approaches
43
1.3.2
Evaluative Approach
48
1.3.3
Appraisal of the Standard by the German Constitutional
Court and Conclusion
51
a) Appraisal of the Standard by the German Constitutional
Court
51
b) Concluding Remarks
56
chapter
2
General Principles and International Law
2.1
International Instruments as an Indirect Source for General
Principles
61
2.1.1 The ECHR as an Indirect Source
63
2.1.2
Other International Standards?
66
2.1.3
The ECHR as a Starting Point of Special Significance
68
GENERAL
PRINCIPIES
OF COMMUNITY LAW
a) ECHR as a Starting Point
69
b) ECHR is of Special Significance
70
2.2
Post
2/94
Opinion Case-Law
71
2.2.1
The Opinion
2/94 72
2.2.2
Increasing Use of the ECHR Case-Law
75
2.3
Equivalent Standard and ECHR
81
2.3.1
Diverging Interpretation and the Principle of Equivalence
81
2.3.2
Indirect Challenge of Community Acts and Accession
to the ECHR
88
2.3.3
Towards Maximalist Interpretation?
98
chapter
3
General Principles Taking Individual Rights Seriously
3.1
General Principles, Fundamental Rights and Codification
in the CFR
105
3.1.1 The Content of the
EU
Charter of Fundamental Rights
юб
3.1.2
The Effect of the
EU
Charter of Fundamental Rights
m
3.1.3
Incorporation into the Constitutional Treaty
117
3.2
General Principles, Right and Consensus Models
123
3.2.1
Different Models of Adjudication
123
3.2.2
Is the EC} a Dworkinian Court?
126
3.3
The Legitimacy of General Principles as Fundamental
Subjective Rights
131
3.3.1
The Legitimacy of National and International Law
131
3.3.2
The
EU
Charter of Fundamental Rights and Legitimacy
134
3.3.3
On Legitimate Judicial Activism
136
part
2
The Development of General Principles
chapter
4
Administrative Principles and Fundamental Rights
4.1
Proportionality in European Community Law
145
4.1.1 The Test of Proportionality and its Flexibility
146
4.1.2
The Flexible Application of the Proportionality Test by
the ECJ
152
4.1.3
Application of the Proportionality Test by the EC} and
National Courts: Double Standards and Scaled Review
155
4.2
The Principle of Equality
160
4.2.1
Equality as a General Principle of Community Law
161
4.2.2
Equality as an Administrative Principle
165
4.2.3
Equality as a Fundamental Right
171
a) Direct and Indirect Discrimination
172
b) Gender Discrimination and Positive Actions
176
c) Equality as an Unwritten Fundamental Right: Between
Activism and Self-restraint
rôo
TABLE OF CONTENTS
4.3
The Principle of Legal Certainty and Legitimate
Expectations
189
4.3.1
The Concept of Legal Certainty
189
4.3.2
Legal Certainty and its Corollaries as Substantive Rights
194
a) Acquired/Vested Rights
τ
94
b) Non-retroactivity
η
97
4.3.3
Legitimate Expectations
202
a) A Specific Assurance Arising from Legislation or
Course of Conduct
204
b) Expectations that are Worthy of Protection (Justified
Expectations)
207
c) Balancing of Interests
210
chapter
5
Procedural Principles as Justice and Citizen Rights
5.1
Procedural Due Process Principles
215
5.1.1
The Audi
Alteram
Partém
Principle or the Right to be Heard
216
a) A Developing Right to be Heard: from Alvis to Lisretal
216
b) The Right to be Heard as a Fundamental Right?: Al-Jubail
218
5.1.2
Corollary Rights of the Right to be Heard
220
5.1.3
Other Specific Principles tied to the Right to a Fair Hearing
224
a) Principle of Confidentiality
224
b) The Principle against Self-incrimination and the
Presumption of Innocence
228
5.2
Effective Judicial Protection
235
5.2.1
Defining the Principle of Effective Judicial Protection
235
5.2.2
Standing Rules and Effective Judicial Protection
242
5.3
Principles of Good Administration and Transparency as
Citizens Rights
250
5.3.1
The Principles of Good Administration
250
a) The Principle of Care
253
b) The Duty to Act in a Reasonable Time
258
5.3.2
The Principle of Access to Documents
261
a) The Codification of Access to Documents
261
b) Proportionality of the Exception and Partial Access
264
chapter
6
Judicial Review of the Member States Actions through the
Use of General Principles
6.1
The Wachauf and
ERT
Types of Review
271
6.1.1
The Obligation of the Member States to Respect General
Principles in the Implementation of Community Law or
Agency Type of Review
271
6.1.2
The
ERT
Type of Review
275
6.2
Fundamental Rights Arising at the National Level via
EU
Law or the Extent of the Scope of Community Law
281
GENEHAI
PRINCIPIES
OF COMMUNITY IAW
6.2.1
The Doctrine of Purely Internal Situations
282
6.2.2
Extending the Scope of Community law: From Homo
Economicus to
Civis Europeus
Sum}
288
a) From Homo Economicus...
289
b) ...To
Civis Europeus
Sum
291
6.2.3 Baumbast:
Direct Effect and Citizenship Review
297
a) The
Baumbast
Case
297
b)
Vost-Baumbast Case-Law
299
part
3
The Impact of General Principles
chapter
7
Impact of the General Principles in UK Public Law
7.1
The Doctrine of Parliamentary Sovereignty, Traditional Review
and the Human Rights Act: a Changing Legal Landscape
310
7Д.1
The Doctrine of Parliamentary Sovereignty
310
7.1.2
Wednesbury Review (Irrationality test): Deference and
Flexibility
312
7.1.3
Human Rights Act and Review
315
7.2
Proportionality in UK Public Law
321
7.2.1
A Free Standing or a Coterminous Principle of Review?
321
7.2.2
Proportionality in the Community Law Context
324
7.2.3
A Higher Degree of Intelligibility, Rationality and Scrutiny
329
7.3
Legitimate Expectations and Internal Matters
330
7.3.1
Procedural and Substantive Legitimate Expectations
331
7.3.2
Substantive Legitimate Expectations and Internal Matters
335
a) Coughlan and the Abuse of Power Test
335
b) Post- Coughlan Case-Law
338
7.3.3
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly
341
a) As to Matters Falling within the Scope of Community
Law (The Good, the Bad
[...]) 342
b) As to Purely Internal Matters
([...]
and the Ugly)
344
chapter
8
Impact of the General Principles in French Public Law
8.1
Constitutional Law, Hierarchy of Norms and General
Principles of Community Law
349
8.1.1 Article
55
of the French Constitution and the Hierarchy of
Norms
349
8.1.2
The Sarran Case: Superiority of the Constitution and
Community Law
350
8.1.3
The Position of the
Conseil Constitutionnel
towards
General Principles of Community Law
353
8.2
The Recognition and Application of the General Principles
in Community Law Matters
355
TABLE OF CONTENTS
8.2.1
The Recognition of General Principles of Community Law
in the Administrative Jurisprudence
355
8.2.2
The Application of the General Principles: Validity and
Interpretation of Community Law
362
a) The Validity of Community Law in the Light of the
General Principles
362
b) Compatibility of National Law with (General Principles)
Community Law
364
8.3
Towards Application in Purely Internal Matters?
368
8.3.1
Legal Certainty/Legitimate Expectations and Internal
Matters
369
8.3.2
Towards a More Progressive Attitude of the Administrative
Courts?
374
8.3.3
Rive
Droite,
Rive Gauche...
377
chapter
9
Impact of the General Principles in Swedish Public Law
9.1
Traditional Review and Evolution
384
9.
1.1 Constitution and Limited Review
384
9.1.2
The Evolution: ECHR and
EU
Accession
386
9.1.3
The Influence of the General Principles through
Preliminary Rulings
389
9.2
Proportionality
394
9.2.1
Significance of the Principle of Proportionality
394
9.2.2
Development of the Principle
396
9.2.3
The
Barsebäck
Case and EC Law
402
9.3
Fundamental Rights, Effective Judicial Protection and
Non-Retroactivity
407
9.3.1
Effective Judicial Protection
407
a)
Stallknecht
and Vellinge: the Time of Confusion
408
b) Lassagård
and EC law
410
9.3.2
Klippan,
Internal Matters and Non-Retroactivity
412
9.3.3
Lagom
or not
Lagom?
4M
Towards a Jus Commune Europaeum
A) The Effect of Cross-fertilization at Community Level
and Jus Commune
421
B) Impact and Spill-Over at the National Level (UK, France
and Sweden) 424
C) Arguments of Convergence 429
Table of Cases
434
Bibliography
458
Index
476
|
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| title | General principles of community law |
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