Optics:
Gespeichert in:
| Beteiligte Personen: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Chichester [u.a.]
Wiley
1988
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | The Manchester physics series
|
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=015108104&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | XV, 320 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0471915343 0471915351 |
Internformat
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| 100 | 1 | |a Wood-Smith, Francis G. |e Verfasser |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Optics |c Francis Graham Smith ; J. H. Thomson |
| 250 | |a 2. ed. | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819371816747008000 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | OPTICS
Second Edition
Sir Francis Graham Smith F R S
J H Thomson
Department of Physics
University of Manchester
John Wiley amp; Sons Ltd
CHICHESTER NEW YORK BRISBANE TORONTO SINGAPORE
Contents
1 THE WAVE NATURE OF LIGHT
1 1 Photons and Waves 1
1 2 Wave Theo ry 3
•k 1 3 Electromagnetic Waves 6
*14 Energy Flow in Electromagnetic Waves 7
1 5 Cosinusoidal Waves 8
1 6 Dispersion 10
1 7 Group Velocity 10
PROBLEMS1 13
2 COMBINATIONS OF WAVES
2 1 Waves and Phasors 14
2 2 The Complex Ampli tude 17
2 3 Positive and Negative Frequencies 17
2 4 Beats between Oscillators 20
2 5 Standing Waves 23
2 6 Crossing Plane Waves : 26
2 7 Similarities between Beats and Standing Wave Pat terns 28
2 8 Standing Waves and the Doppler Effect 30
2 9 Standing Waves at a Reflector
v 31
PROBLEMS2 32
* Starred sections may be omitted as they are not required later in the book
x Contents
3 FOURIER THEORY AND WAVE GROUPS
3 1 Fourier Series and Spectra 33
3 2 Fourier Series with Exponentials 35
3 3 Fourier Transforms 36
3 4 Finding the Fourier Transform of a Non-Periodic Function 38
3 5 The Transform of a Modulated Wave 40
3 6 Convolution 41
3 7 Delta and Grating Functions 42
*38 Autocorrelation and the Power Spectrum 43
3 9 Wave Groups 43
* 3 10 The Schrodinger Wave Group 44
3 11 An Angular Spread of Plane Waves 46
PROBLEMS 3 46
4 WAVE PROPAGATION
4 1 Rays and Wavefronts 48
4 2 Reflection at a Plane Surface 49
4 3 Refraction at a Plane Boundary 51
4 4 Oscillatory Waves and Huygen s Principle 51
4 5 Fermat s Principle 53
4 6 Refractive Index and Wave Impedance 53
4 7 Partial Reflection of Plane Waves 54
*48 Reflection at Oblique Incidence 56
*49 Anisotropic Propagation 58
* 4 10 Double Refraction in a Uniaxial Crystal 59
PROBLEMS 4 61
5 POLARIZATION OF LIGHT
5 1 Polarization of Transverse Waves 64
*52 Formal Description of Polarized Light—Elliptical
Polarization 66
*53 Analysis of Elliptically Polarized Waves 68
5 4 Polarizers 69
5 5 Birefringent Polarizers 70
5 6 Quarter-and Half-Wave Plates 71
5 7 Optical Activity 72
5 8 Induced Birefringence 73
5 9 Liquid Crystal Displays 75
PROBLEMS 5 75
6 GEOMETRIC OPTICS *
6 1 The Concept of Rays 76
6 2 Perfect Imaging 77
Contents
g m
t m
t t
XI
6 3 Perfect Imaging of Surfaces
6 4 Spherical Sur faces—the Paraxia l Approx imat ion
6 5 General Propert ies of Imaging Systems
6 6 Ray Trac ing—Separa ted Thin Lenses in Ai r
6 7 Ray T rac ing—The Sine Law
6 8 Spherical Sur faces—The Concept o f Wavefronts
PROBLEMS6
7 ABERRATIONS
7 1 Ray and Wave Aberra t ions 91
7 2 Wave Aberra t ion on Axis—Spher ica l Aber ra t ion 93
7 3 Off-Axis Aberra t ions 95
7 4 Influence of Aper tu re Stops - 101
7 5 The Reduct ion of Spherical Aber ra t ion by Correc tor
Plates 101
7 6 The Correct ion of Chromat ic Aber ra t ion 103
7 7 Achromat ism in Separated Lens Systems 105
PROBLEMS7 105
8 OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
8 1 Lenses and Mirrors 107
8 2 Refraction in a Prism 108
8 3 The Simple Lens Magnifier 110
8 4 The Telescope 112
8 5 Advantages of the Various Types of Telescope 113
8 6 Binoculars 115
8 7 The Compound Microscope 117
8 8 Image-Forming Instruments—The Camera 119
8 9 Intensity, Flux, Illumination, and Brightness 121
8 10 Illumination in Optical Instruments 122
PROBLEMS 8 125
INTERFERENCE AND DIFFRACTION
9 1 Young s Experiment 127
9 2 Diffraction at a Single Slit 130
9 3 The General Aperture i 135
9 4 Rectangular and Circular Apertures 136
9 5 ThejField at the Edge of an Aperture 140
PROBLEMS 9 141
xii Contents
10 FRESNEL DIFFRACTION
10 1 Fraunhofer and Fresnel Diffraction—the Rayleigh
Criterion 143
10 2 Shadow Edges—Fresnel Diffraction at a Straight Edge 145
10 3 Diffraction of Cylindrical Wavefronts 150
10 4 Fresnel Diffraction by Slits and Strip Obstacles 151
10 5 Spherical Waves and Circular Apertures—Half-Period
Zones 154
10 6 Kirchhoff s Diffraction Theory 158
PROBLEMS 10 160
11 THE DIFFRACTION GRATING AND RELATED TOPICS
11 1 The Diffraction Grating 161
11 2 Diffraction Pattern of the Grating 165
11 3 The Effect of Slit Width and Shape 167
11 4 Fourier Transforms in Grating Theory 168
11 5 Missing Orders and Blazed Gratings 170
11 6 Making Gratings 170
* 11 7 Radio Antenna Arrays 172
11 8 X-Ray Diffraction with a Ruled Grating 176
11 9 X-Ray Diffraction by a Crystal Lattice 177
PROBLEMS 11 180
12 YOUNG S DOUBLE SLIT AND RELATED TOPICS
12 1 Young s Slits, Fresnel s Biprism, and Lloyd s Mirror 181
12 2 The Effect of Slit Width 183
12 3 Source Size and Coherence 184
12 4 Michelson s Stellar Interferometer 187
• 12 5 The Intensity Interferometer 190
PROBLEMS 12 192
13 INTERFERENCE BY DIVISION OF AMPLITUDE
13 1 Division of Amplitude—Newton s Rings 194
13 2 Interference Effects with a Plane-Parallel Plate 197
13 3 Thin Films 200
13 4 Michelson s Spectral Interferometer 201
13 5 Multiple Beam Interference * 203
13 6 The Fabry-Perot Interferometer 206
13 7 Interference Filters 207
PROBLEMS 13 208
Contents xiii
14 THE RESOLUTION LIMITS OF OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
14 1 Introduction 209
14 2 The Telescope 210
• 14 3 Resolving Power and Sensitivity 213
14 4 The Microscope 214
• 14 5 Coherent Illumination in the Microscope (Abbe Theory) 215
• 14 6 Phase-Contrast Microscopy 217
• 14 7 Spatial Filtering 219
14 8 Resolution in Wavelength: The Prism Spectrometer 219
14 9 The Grating Spectrometer 222
14 10 Resolving Power of a Fabry-Perot Interferometer 224
PROBLEMS 14 225
15 INTERFEROMETERS AND SPECTROMETERS
15 1 The Measurement of Length 226
15 2 The Rayleigh Refractometer 226
15 3 Wedge Fringes and End Gauges 227
15 4 The Twyman and Green Interferometer 229
15 5 The Standard of Length 230
15 6 The Michelson-Morley Experiment 231
15 7 The Ring Interferometer • 232
15 8 The Choice of Spectrometers 232
15 9 The Grating Spectrometer 233
15 10 Concave Gratings 234
15 11 Echelle and Echelon Gratings 235
15 12 The Fabry-Perot Interferometer 236
15 13 Twin-Beam Spectroscopy 237
15 14 Fourier Transform Spectroscopy 239
PROBLEMS 15 240
16 COHERENCE AND CORRELATION
16 1 The Region of Coherence 242
16 2 Correlation as a Measure of Coherence 244
16 3 Autocorrelat ion and Coherence 246
• 16 4 Aperture Synthesis 247
• 16 5 The Intensity Interferometer 249
17 LASERS
t
17 1 Light Amplification 251
17 2 The Laser as an Oscillator 253
17 3 Optical Cavities and their Properties 255
xiv Contents
t
17 4 Pulsed Lasers 259
17 5 Mode Locking 260
17 6 Glass, Gas and Liquid Lasers 260
17 7 Semiconductor Lasers 263
17 8 Fibre Optic Communications 264
17 9 Properties of Laser Light 265
17 10 Harmonic Generation and Heterodyning 266
17 11 Homodyne Detection of Laser Light 266
18 HOLOGRAPHY
18 1 Introduction 269
18 2 Gabor s Original Method 270
18 3 A More Sophisticated System: Carrier Fringes 272
18 4 Aspect Effects 274
18 5 Three-Dimensional Holograms—Colour Holography 276
18 6 Holography of Moving Objects 277
19 RADIATION BY ACCELERATED CHARGES
19 1 The Electromagnetic Field 279
19 2 The Hertzian Dipole 280
19 3 Cerenkov Radiation 281
19 4 Synchrotron Radiation 284
19 5 Bremsstrahlung 285
20 PHYSICAL PROCESSES IN REFRACTION
20 1 Introduction 287
20 2 Polarization in Dielectrics 288
20 3 Free Electrons 289
20 4 Resonant Atoms in Gases 290
20 5 Anisotropic Refraction 292
20 6 Rayleigh Scattering 292
20 7 Raman Scattering 294
20 8 Thomson and Compton Scattering by Electrons 294
21 DETECTION OF LIGHT
21 1 Detection over the Electromagnetic Spectrum 296
21 2 Thermal Detectors 297
21 3 Photoconductive Detectors 298
2i -4 Photoelectric Detectors 298
21 5 Photon-Counting Image Detectors 300
Contents xv
21 6 Electron Beam Scanners and Intensifiers 300
21 7 Photodiodes and Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs) 303
21 8 Photography 304
21 9 The Eye 305
FURTHER READING 308
SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS 310
INDEX 3 1 5
The Electr omagn eticSpectrumfacinginsidebackcover
Uni ts , S ymbo lsandDatainsidebackcover
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| author | Wood-Smith, Francis G. Thomson, John H. |
| author_facet | Wood-Smith, Francis G. Thomson, John H. |
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| author_sort | Wood-Smith, Francis G. |
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| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV021892907 |
| classification_rvk | UH 5000 |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)471609961 (DE-599)BVBBV021892907 |
| discipline | Physik |
| edition | 2. ed. |
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| id | DE-604.BV021892907 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T12:44:16Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0471915343 0471915351 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-015108104 |
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| physical | XV, 320 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 1988 |
| publishDateSearch | 1988 |
| publishDateSort | 1988 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | The Manchester physics series |
| spellingShingle | Wood-Smith, Francis G. Thomson, John H. Optics Optik (DE-588)4043650-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4043650-0 (DE-588)4143389-0 |
| title | Optics |
| title_auth | Optics |
| title_exact_search | Optics |
| title_full | Optics Francis Graham Smith ; J. H. Thomson |
| title_fullStr | Optics Francis Graham Smith ; J. H. Thomson |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optics Francis Graham Smith ; J. H. Thomson |
| title_short | Optics |
| title_sort | optics |
| topic | Optik (DE-588)4043650-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Optik Aufgabensammlung |
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