Medical statistics: a textbook for the health sciences
Gespeichert in:
| Beteiligte Personen: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Chichester [u.a.]
Wiley
2007
|
| Ausgabe: | 4. ed., updated and expanded version |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014780816&sequence=000003&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014780816&sequence=000004&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | XII, 331 S. graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 0470025190 9780470025192 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 250 | |a 4. ed., updated and expanded version | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
Preface
to the Fourth Edition
xl
1
Uses and abuses of medical statistics
1
1.1
Introduction
2
1.2
Why use statistics?
3
1.3
Statistics is about common sense and good design
4
1.4
Types of data
5
1.5
How a statistician can help
9
1.6
Further reading
11
1.7
Exercises
12
2
Describing and displaying categorical data
13
2.1
Summarising categorical data
14
2.2
Displaying categorical data
21
2.3
Points when reading the literature
23
2.4
Exercises
24
3
Describing and displaying quantitative data
27
3.1
Summarising continuous data
28
3.2
Displaying continuous daa
34
3.3
Within-subject variability
39
3.4
Presentation
42
3.5
Points when reading the literature
43
3.6
Exercises
43
vi
CONTENTS
4
Probability and decision making
45
4.1
Types of probability
46
4.2
Diagnostic tests
49
4.3
Bayes
Theorem
51
4.4
Relative (received-operating characteristic (ROC) curve
57
4.5
Points when reading the literature
59
4.6
Exercises
60
5
Distributions
63
5.1
Introduction
64
5.2
The Binomial distribution
64
5.3
The
Poisson
distribution
66
5.4
Probability for continuous outcomes
68
5.5
The Normal distribution
69
5.6
Reference ranges
73
5.7
Points when reading the literature
75
5.8
Technical details
75
5.9
Exercises
76
6
Populations, samples, standard errors and confidence
intervals
79
6.1
Populations
80
6.2
Samples
81
6.3
The standard error
82
6.4
The Central Limit Theorem
84
6.5
Standard errors for proportions and rates
85
6.6
Standard errors of differences
87
6.7
Confidence intervals for an estimate
89
6.8
Confidence intervals for differences
93
6.9
Points when reading the literature
94
6.10
Technical detaib
94
6.11
Exercises
96
7
p-values and statistical inference
99
7.1
Introduction
100
7.2
The null hypothesis
100
7.3
The p-value
103
7.4
Statistical inference
105
7.5
Statistical power
108
7.6
Confidence intervals rather than p-values
110
7.7
One-sided and two-sided tests
112
7.8
Points when reading the literature
113
7.9
Technical details
114
7.10
Exercises
114
CONTENTS
vii
8 Tests
for comparing two groups of categorical or
continuous data
117
8.1
Introduction
118
8.2
Comparison of two groups of paired observations
-
continuous outcomes
119
8.3
Comparison of two independent groups
-
continuous outcomes
125
8.4
Comparison of two independent groups
-
categorical outcomes
132
8.5
Comparison of two groups of paired observations
-
categorical outcomes
136
8.6
Non-Normal distributions
138
8.7
Degrees of freedom
139
8.8
Points when reading the literature
140
8.9
Technical details
140
8.10
Exercises
144
9
Correlation and linear regression
149
9.1
Introduction
150
9.2
Correlation
151
9.3
Linear regression
156
9.4
Comparison of assumptions between correlation and
regression
165
9.5
Multiple regression
166
9.6
Logistic regression
169
9.7
Correlation is not causation
174
9.8
Points when reading the literature
175
9.9
Technical details
175
9.10
Exercises
179
10
Survival analysis
181
10.1
Time to event data
182
10.2
Kaplan-Meier survival curve
185
10.3
The logrank test
189
10.4
The hazard ratio
190
10.5
Modelling time to event data
193
10.6
Points when reading the literature
197
10.7
Exercises
198
11
Reliability and method comparison studies
201
11.1
Introduction
202
11.2
Repeatability
203
11.3
Agreement
206
viii CONTENTS
11.4
Validity
209
11.5
Method comparison studies
210
11.6
Points when reading the literature
212
11.7
Technical details
213
11.8
Exercises
215
12
Observational studies
217
12.1
Introduction
218
12.2
Risk and rates
218
12.3
Taking a random sample
220
12.4
Questionnaire and form design
221
12.5
Cross-sectional surveys
222
12.6
Non-randomised studies
224
12.7
Cohort studies
227
12.8
Case-control studies
231
12.9
Association and causaLity
237
12.10
Points when reading the literature
238
12.11
Technical details
238
12.12
Exercises
239
13
The randomised controlled tnal
241
13.1
Introduction
242
13.2
Why randomise?
242
13.3
Methods of randomisation
244
13.4
Design features
247
13.5
Design options
250
13.6
Meta-analysis
254
13.7
The protocol
255
13.8
Checklists for design, analysis and reporting
256
13.9
Number needed to treat (NNT)
258
13.10
Points when reading the literature
259
13.11
Exercises
260
14
Sample size issues
261
14.1
Introduction
262
14.2
Study size
263
14.3
Continuous data
267
14.4
Binary data
268
14.5
Prevalence
270
14.6
Subject withdrawals
271
14.7
Internal pilot studies
272
14.8
Points when reading the literature
272
14.9
Technical details
273
14.10
Exercises
274
CONTENTS ix
15
Common pitfalls
277
15.1
Introduction
278
15.2
Using the i-test
278
15.3
Plotting change against initial value
280
15.4
Repeated measures
284
15.5
Clinical and statistical significance
288
15.6
Exploratory data analysis
288
15.7
Points when reading the literature
290
15.8
Exercises
290
References
291
Solutions to exercises
297
Statistical tables
315
Table Tl The Normal distribution
316
Table T2 Random numbers
318
Table T3 Student s t-distribution
319
Table T4 The
χ2
distribution
320
Table T5 Normal ordinates for cumulative probabilities
321
Index
322
MEDICAL
STATISTICS
A
TEXTBOOK FOR THE HEALTH SCIENCES
FOURTH EDITION
Michael J. Campbell University of Sheffield, UK
David Machin
Division of Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Sciences,
National Cancer Centre, Singapore
Medical Statistics Group, School of Health and Related Research,
University of Sheffield, UK
Children s Cancer and Leukaemia Group, University of Leicester, UK
Stephen J. Walters University of Sheffield, UK
Now in its fourth edition, this book is an updated and expanded version of a best seller in
medical statistics. It is a concise, clearly written introduction to statistical terms and
methods used in medicine.
Many medical and health science students will have some knowledge of statistics when
they take up their courses. However, this knowledge is often general in nature and not
relevant to a medical environment. Medical Statistics: A Textbook for the Health Sciences,
Fourth Edition provides students and practitioners with a clear, readable introduction to
the statistics they will come across in their regular reading of clinical papers.
•
comprehensive coverage of the essential statistical methods
•
worked examples and exercises on the interpretation of the statistics in
papers published in medical journals
•
written by three experts with wide teaching and consulting experience
•
excellent layout of information, learning objectives, test questions and
answers all serving to promote the book s proven effectiveness as a
learning tool
|
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| genre | (DE-588)4151278-9 Einführung gnd-content Statistics |
| genre_facet | Einführung Statistics |
| id | DE-604.BV021564926 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T12:36:35Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0470025190 9780470025192 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014780816 |
| oclc_num | 123332154 |
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| physical | XII, 331 S. graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2007 |
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| publisher | Wiley |
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| spellingShingle | Campbell, Michael J. Machin, David 1939- Walters, Stephen J. Medical statistics a textbook for the health sciences Biometry - methods Research Design Statistics Biometry methods Geneeskunde gtt Statistiek gtt Medizin Statistik Medical statistics Medicine Research Statistical methods Statistics as Topic Medizinische Statistik (DE-588)4127563-9 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4127563-9 (DE-588)4151278-9 |
| title | Medical statistics a textbook for the health sciences |
| title_auth | Medical statistics a textbook for the health sciences |
| title_exact_search | Medical statistics a textbook for the health sciences |
| title_full | Medical statistics a textbook for the health sciences Michael J. Campbell ; David Machin ; Stephen J. Walters |
| title_fullStr | Medical statistics a textbook for the health sciences Michael J. Campbell ; David Machin ; Stephen J. Walters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Medical statistics a textbook for the health sciences Michael J. Campbell ; David Machin ; Stephen J. Walters |
| title_short | Medical statistics |
| title_sort | medical statistics a textbook for the health sciences |
| title_sub | a textbook for the health sciences |
| topic | Biometry - methods Research Design Statistics Biometry methods Geneeskunde gtt Statistiek gtt Medizin Statistik Medical statistics Medicine Research Statistical methods Statistics as Topic Medizinische Statistik (DE-588)4127563-9 gnd |
| topic_facet | Biometry - methods Research Design Statistics Biometry methods Geneeskunde Statistiek Medizin Statistik Medical statistics Medicine Research Statistical methods Statistics as Topic Medizinische Statistik Einführung |
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