Verfügbarkeit: Neuroscience | Technische Universität München

Neuroscience: exploring the brain

Gespeichert in:

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Beteiligte Personen:	Bear, Mark F. (VerfasserIn), Connors, Barry W. (VerfasserIn), Paradiso, Michael A. (VerfasserIn)
Format:	Buch
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	Philadelphia [u.a.] Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2007
Ausgabe:	3. ed.
Schlagwörter:	Cerveau Hersenen Neurociencia Neurofisiologia Neurologie Neurowetenschappen Ruggenmerg Brain Neurosciences Spinal Cord Neurobiologie Nervensystem Neurowissenschaften Hirnfunktion Nervenzelle Hirnforschung Gehirn Lehrbuch
Links:	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014752758&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
Abstract:	Accompanying compact disc titled "Student CD-ROM to accompany Neuroscience : exploring the brain" includes animations, videos, exercises, glossary, and answers to review questions in Adobe Acrobat PDF and other file formats.
Umfang:	XXXVIII, 857 S. zahlr. Ill. und graph. Darst. 1 CD-ROM (12 cm); Online tutoring access codes and instructions
ISBN:	9780781760034 0781760038

Internformat

MARC


LEADER	00000nam a2200000 c 4500
001	BV021536492
003	DE-604
005	20090902
007	t\|
008	060403s2007 xx ad\|\| \|\|\|\| 00\|\|\| eng d
020			\|a 9780781760034 \|9 978-0-7817-6003-4
020			\|a 0781760038 \|9 0-7817-6003-8
035			\|a (OCoLC)266080616
035			\|a (DE-599)BVBBV021536492
040			\|a DE-604 \|b ger \|e rakwb
041	0		\|a eng
049			\|a DE-19 \|a DE-20 \|a DE-29 \|a DE-473 \|a DE-355 \|a DE-634 \|a DE-703 \|a DE-91
050		0	\|a QP355.2
082	0		\|a 612.8 \|2 22
084			\|a CZ 1000 \|0 (DE-625)19225: \|2 rvk
084			\|a WW 2200 \|0 (DE-625)158906:13423 \|2 rvk
100	1		\|a Bear, Mark F. \|e Verfasser \|0 (DE-588)14280858X \|4 aut
245	1	0	\|a Neuroscience \|b exploring the brain \|c Mark F. Bear ; Barry W. Connors ; Michael A. Paradiso
250			\|a 3. ed.
264		1	\|a Philadelphia [u.a.] \|b Lippincott Williams & Wilkins \|c 2007
300			\|a XXXVIII, 857 S. \|b zahlr. Ill. und graph. Darst. \|e 1 CD-ROM (12 cm); Online tutoring access codes and instructions
336			\|b txt \|2 rdacontent
337			\|b n \|2 rdamedia
338			\|b nc \|2 rdacarrier
520	3		\|a Accompanying compact disc titled "Student CD-ROM to accompany Neuroscience : exploring the brain" includes animations, videos, exercises, glossary, and answers to review questions in Adobe Acrobat PDF and other file formats.
650		4	\|a Cerveau
650		7	\|a Hersenen \|2 gtt
650		4	\|a Neurociencia
650		7	\|a Neurofisiologia \|2 larpcal
650		4	\|a Neurologie
650		7	\|a Neurowetenschappen \|2 gtt
650		7	\|a Ruggenmerg \|2 gtt
650		4	\|a Brain
650		4	\|a Neurosciences
650		4	\|a Spinal Cord
650	0	7	\|a Neurologie \|0 (DE-588)4041888-1 \|2 gnd \|9 rswk-swf
650	0	7	\|a Neurobiologie \|0 (DE-588)4041871-6 \|2 gnd \|9 rswk-swf
650	0	7	\|a Nervensystem \|0 (DE-588)4041643-4 \|2 gnd \|9 rswk-swf
650	0	7	\|a Neurowissenschaften \|0 (DE-588)7555119-6 \|2 gnd \|9 rswk-swf
650	0	7	\|a Hirnfunktion \|0 (DE-588)4159930-5 \|2 gnd \|9 rswk-swf
650	0	7	\|a Nervenzelle \|0 (DE-588)4041649-5 \|2 gnd \|9 rswk-swf
650	0	7	\|a Hirnforschung \|0 (DE-588)4123382-7 \|2 gnd \|9 rswk-swf
650	0	7	\|a Gehirn \|0 (DE-588)4019752-9 \|2 gnd \|9 rswk-swf
655		7	\|8 1\p \|0 (DE-588)4123623-3 \|a Lehrbuch \|2 gnd-content
689	0	0	\|a Nervenzelle \|0 (DE-588)4041649-5 \|D s
689	0	1	\|a Hirnforschung \|0 (DE-588)4123382-7 \|D s
689	0	2	\|a Gehirn \|0 (DE-588)4019752-9 \|D s
689	0	3	\|a Neurobiologie \|0 (DE-588)4041871-6 \|D s
689	0		\|8 2\p \|5 DE-604
689	1	0	\|a Hirnfunktion \|0 (DE-588)4159930-5 \|D s
689	1		\|8 3\p \|5 DE-604
689	2	0	\|a Nervensystem \|0 (DE-588)4041643-4 \|D s
689	2		\|8 4\p \|5 DE-604
689	3	0	\|a Neurowissenschaften \|0 (DE-588)7555119-6 \|D s
689	3		\|8 5\p \|5 DE-604
689	4	0	\|a Neurologie \|0 (DE-588)4041888-1 \|D s
689	4		\|8 6\p \|5 DE-604
700	1		\|a Connors, Barry W. \|e Verfasser \|0 (DE-588)1107065194 \|4 aut
700	1		\|a Paradiso, Michael A. \|e Verfasser \|0 (DE-588)1107068525 \|4 aut
856	4	2	\|m Digitalisierung UB Bamberg \|q application/pdf \|u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014752758&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA \|3 Inhaltsverzeichnis
883	1		\|8 1\p \|a cgwrk \|d 20201028 \|q DE-101 \|u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk
883	1		\|8 2\p \|a cgwrk \|d 20201028 \|q DE-101 \|u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk
883	1		\|8 3\p \|a cgwrk \|d 20201028 \|q DE-101 \|u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk
883	1		\|8 4\p \|a cgwrk \|d 20201028 \|q DE-101 \|u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk
883	1		\|8 5\p \|a cgwrk \|d 20201028 \|q DE-101 \|u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk
883	1		\|8 6\p \|a cgwrk \|d 20201028 \|q DE-101 \|u https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk
943	1		\|a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014752758

Datensatz im Suchindex

DE-BY-TUM_call_number	1102 BIO 781f 2017 B 1664(3)
DE-BY-TUM_katkey	2284426
DE-BY-TUM_location	11
DE-BY-TUM_media_number	040080243065
_version_	1821934204778184704
adam_text	Expanded Contents Preface vii User s Guide xiii Acknowledgments xviii Path of Discovery Authors xix Part I Foundations I Chapter I _______________________________ Neuroscience: Past, Present, and Future 3 INTRODUCTION 4 THE ORIGINS OF NEUROSCIENCE 4 VIEWS OF THE BRAIN IN ANCIENT GREECE 5 VIEWS OF THE BRAIN DURING THE ROMAN EMPIRE 5 VIEWS OF THE BRAIN FROM THE RENAISSANCE TO THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 6 NINETEENTH-CENTURY VIEWS OF THE BRAIN 8 Nerves As Wires 9 Localization of Specific Functions to Different Parts of the Brain 10 The Evolution of Nervous Systems 11 The Neuron: The Basic Functional Unit of the Brain 1 2 NEUROSCIENCE TODAY 13 LEVELS OF ANALYSIS 13 Molecular Neuroscience 1 3 Cellular Neuroscience 1 3 Systems Neuroscience 1 3 Behavioral Neuroscience 1 3 Cognitive Neuroscience 14 NEUROSCIENTISTS 14 THE SCIENTIFIC PROCESS 1 5 Observation 1 5 Replication 15 Interpretation 1 5 Verification і 6 THE USE OF ANIMALS IN NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH 16 The Animals 1 6 Animal Welfare 17 Animal Rights 1 7 THE COST OF IGNORANCE: NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS 19 CONCLUDING REMARKS 20 Chapter 2______________ Neurons and Glia 23 INTRODUCTION 24 THE NEURON DOCTRINE 24 THE GOLGI STAIN 26 CAJAL S CONTRIBUTION 27 Advances in 28 ■ Box 2.1 (Ц siwuii ¡iľ.ctv Microscopy 28 THE PROTOTYPICAL NEURON THE SOMA 28 The Nucleus 30 ■ Box 2.2 Впин Тлу . Expressing One s Mind in the Post-Genomic Era 32 Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum ЗІ Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum and the Golgi Apparatus 34 The Mitochondrion 34 THE NEURONAL MEMBRANE 35 THE CYTOSKELETON 35 Microtubules 35 ■ Box 2.Ì < vv. ·,.-. : - Alzheimer s Disoase ¿ind lhe Neuronal Cyloskcleioii ì6 Microfilaments 38 Neurofilaments 38 THE AXON 38 The Axon Terminal 39 The Synapse 40 Axoplasmic Transport 40 ■ Box 2.4 Of S. wuu hira Retrograde Transport DENDRITES 41 t >■ Hitching a Ride With 42 XXIII XXÏV EXPANDED CONTENTS Ш Box 2.5 OfSr^cU ÍHxrcsr. Mental Retardation and Dendritic Spines 43 ■ Box 2.6 Path of Discovery: Spines and the Structural Basis of Memory, by William Greenough 44 CLASSIFYING NEURONS 45 CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE NUMBER OF NEURITES 45 CLASSIFICATION BASED ON DENDRITES 45 CLASSIFICATION BASED ON CONNECTIONS 46 CLASSIFICATION BASED ON AXON LENGTH 46 CLASSIFICATION BASED ON NEUROTRANSMITTER 46 GLIA 46 ASTROCYTES 46 MYELINATING GLIA 47 OTHER NON-NEURONAL CELLS 48 CONCLUDING REMARKS 48 Chapter 3_______________________________ The Neuronal Membrane at Rest 51 INTRODUCTION 52 THE CAST OF CHEMICALS 53 CYTOSOLAND EXTRACELLULAR FLUID 53 Water 53 Ions 54 THE PHOSPHOLIPID MEMBRANE 54 The Phospholipid Bilayer 55 PROTEIN 55 Protein Structure 56 Channel Proteins 58 Ion Pumps 59 THE MOVEMENT OF IONS 59 DIFFUSION 59 ■ Box 3.1 Brain P i: A Review of Moles and Molarity 60 ELECTRICITY 59 THE IONIC BASIS OF THE RESTING MEMBRANE POTENTIAL 61 EQUILIBRIUM POTENTIALS 62 The Nernst Equation 64 ■ Box 3.2 Brain Food: The Nernst Equation 65 THE DISTRIBUTION OF IONS ACROSS THE MEMBRANE 65 RELATIVE ION PERMEABILITIES OF THE MEMBRANE AT REST 67 ■ Box 3.3 Brain FtVu.The Goldman Equation 68 The Wide World of Potassium Channels 67 ■ Box 3.4 Path of Discovery: The Atomic Structuri of a Potassium Channel, by Roderick MacKinnon 70 The Importance of Regulating the External Potassium Concentration 7 1 ■ Box 3.5 í · Vw.j ,;:,ч · v Death by Lethal Injection 72 CONCLUDING REMARKS 71 75 The Action Potential INTRODUCTION 76 PROPERTIES OF THE ACTION POTENTIAL 76 THE UPS AND DOWNS OF AN ACTION POTENTIAL 76 ■ Box 4.1 Bniin /ívj Methods of Recording Action Potentials 78 THE GENERATION OF AN ACTION POTENTIAL 76 THE GENERATION OF MULTIPLE ACTION POTENTIALS 77 THE ACTION POTENTIAL, IN THEORY 80 MEMBRANE CURRENTS AND CONDUCTANCES 80 THE INSÄND OUTS OF AN ACTION POTENTIAL 82 THE ACTION POTENTIAL, IN REALITY 82 THE VOLTAGE-GATED SODIUM CHANNEL 84 Sodium Channel Structure 84 Functional Properties of the Sodium Channel 86 ■ Box 4.2 Brain hwi,-The Patch-Clamp Method 88 The Effects of Toxins on the Sodium Channel 89 ■ Box 4.3 Path cfDiscavry: Tetrodotoxin and the Dawn of Ion Channel Pharmacology, by Toshio Narahashi 90 VOLTAGE-GATED POTASSIUM CHANNELS 91 PUTTING THE PIECES TOGETHER 9 і ACTION POTENTIAL CONDUCTION 93 FACTORS INFLUENCING CONDUCTION VELOCITY 94 ■ Box 4.4 ■: >f !v,.:;,i ;uh --vv.- Local Anesthesia 95 MYEUN AND SALTATORY CONDUCTION 96 ■ Box 4.5 i.Vs / tV«/ ¡іцсуя: Multiple Sclerosis, a Demyelinating Disease 96 ACTION POTENTIALS, AXONS, AND DENDRITES 97 EXPANDED CONTENTS XXV ■ Box 4.6 Of Special Interest: The Eclectic Electric Behavior of Neurons 99 CONCLUDING REMARKS 98 Chapter 5_______________________________________ Synaptic Transmission 101 INTRODUCTION 102 ■ Box 5.1 Of Spéciül Interest: Otto Loewi and Vagusstoff 103 TYPES OF SYNAPSES 103 ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES 103 ■ Box 5.2 Path of Discovery: Electrical Synapses, by Michael V. L. Bennett 108 CHEMICAL SYNAPSES 105 ŒS Synapses 106 The Neuromuscular Junction 109 PRINCIPLES OF CHEMICAL SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION 111 NEUROTRANSMITTERS 111 NEUROTRANSMITTER SYNTHESIS AND STORAGE 112 NEUROTRANSMITTER RELEASE 11 3 ■ Box 5.3 Brain Food: SNARE a Vesicle, and Release Its Transmitter 116 NEUROTRANSMITTER RECEPTORS AND EFFECTORS 1 15 Transmitter-Gated Ion Channels 11 5 ■ Box 5.4 Brain Food: Reversal Potentials 120 G-Protein-Coupled Receptors 118 Autoreceptors 11 9 NEUROTRANSMITTER RECOVERY AND DEGRADATION 119 NEUROPHARMACOLOGY 121 ■ Box 5.5 í if SpcïLiI ¡merest: Bacteria, Spiders, Snakes, and You 121 PRINCIPLES OF SYNAPTIC INTEGRATION 122 THE INTEGRATION OF EPSPs 122 Quantal Analysis of EPSPs 1 22 EPSP Summation 123 THE CONTRIBUTION OF DENDRITIC PROPERTIES TO SYNAPTIC INTEGRATION 124 Dendritic Cable Properties 124 Excitable Dendrites 126 INHIBITION 126 ■ Box 5.6 OfSpeddl ¡merest: Startling Mutations and Poisons 127 IPSPs and Shunting Inhibition 1 26 The Geometry of Excitatory and Inhibitory Synapses 1 28 MODULATION 129 CONCLUDING REMARKS 130 Chapter 6______________________________ Neurotransmitter Systems 133 INTRODUCTION 134 STUDYING NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS 1 35 LOCALIZATION OF TRANSMITTERS AND TRANSMITTER-SYNTHESIZING ENZYMES 135 Immunocytochemistry 1 35 In Situ Hybridization 137 STUDYING TRANSMITTER RELEASE 1 37 STUDYING SYNAPTIC MIMICRY 138 STUDYING RECEPTORS 138 Neuropharmacological Analysis 1 38 Ligand-Binding Methods 1 39 Molecular Analysis 141 NEUROTRANSMITTER CHEMISTRY 141 CHOLINERGIC NEURONS 142 ■ Box 6.1 Brain Food: Pumping Ions and Transmitters 144 CATECHOLAMINERGIC NEURONS 143 SEROTONERGIC NEURONS 146 AMINO ACIDERGIC NEURONS 1 46 OTHER NEUROTRANSMITTER CANDIDATES AND INTERCELLULAR MESSENGERS 147 ■ Box 6.2 С)/ M tv/ii/ ntavs:: This Is Your Brain on Endocannabinoids 149 ■ Box 6.3 Path of Discovery: Deciphering the Language of Neurons, by Roger A. Nicoli 150 TRANSMITTER-GATED CHANNELS 152 THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF TRANSMITTER-GATED CHANNELS 152 AMINO ACID-GATED CHANNELS 1 54 Glutamate-Gated Channels 1 56 ■ Box 6.4 . .* vr,,,,;; , ; v* The Brain s Exciting Poisons 156 GABA-Gated and Glycine-Gated Channels 1 56 G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS AND EFFECTORS 157 THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS 157 THE UBIQUITOUS G-PROTEINS 1 58 G-PROTEIN-COUPLED EFFECTOR SYSTEMS 160 The Shartcut Pathway 1 60 XXVI EXPANDED CONTENTS Second Messenger Cascades 1 6 і Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylaüon 1 62 The Function of Signal Cascades 163 DIVERGENCE AND CONVERGENCE IN NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS 164 CONCLUDING REMARKS 164 Chapter 7 ____________________________ The Structure of the Nervous System 167 INTRODUCTION 168 GROSS ORGANIZATION OF THE MAMMALIAN NERVOUS SYSTEM 168 ANATOMICAL REFERENCES 168 THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 1 7 1 The Cerebrum 1 7 1 The Cerebellum 171 The Brain Stem 171 The Spinal Cord 171 THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 1 72 The Somatic PNS 172 The Visceral PNS 173 Afferent and Efferent Axons 173 THE CRANIAL NERVES і 73 THEMENINGES 173 THE VENTRICULAR SYSTEM 174 a Box 7.1 iH ^twUrl Ітг^ч: Water on the Brain 175 IMAGING THE LIVING BRAIN 174 Computed Tomography 1 75 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 1 76 ■ Box 7.2 Втік ѓл ?; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ¡77 Functional Brain Imaging 1 76 ■ Box 7.Ì іїгліч h i: Functional Imaging of Brain Activity: PET and fMRI 178 UNDERSTANDING CNS STRUCTURE THROUGH DEVELOPMENT 178 FORMATION OF THE NEURAL TUBE 180 ■ Box 7.4 . * V....; ;::■. у .^- Nutrition and the Neural Tube 182 THREE PRIMARY BRAIN VESICLES 1 82 DIFFERENTIATION OF THE FOREBRAIN 184 Differentiation oftheTelencephalon and Diencephalon 184 Forebrain Structure-Function Relationships і 85 DIFFERENTIATION OF THE MIDBRAIN 187 Midbrain Structure-Function Relationships 1 87 DIFFERENTIATION OF THE HINDBRA1N і 88 Hindbrain Structure-Function Relationships 1 89 DIFFERENTIATION OF THE SPINAL CORD 1 90 Spinal Cord Structure-Function Relationships 1 90 PUTTING THE PIECES TOGETHER 1 9 1 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE HUMAN CNS і 92 A GUIDE TO THE CEREBRAL CORTEX 1 95 TYPES OF CEREBRAL CORTEX 1 95 AREAS OF NEOCORTEX 197 Neocortical Evolution and Structure-Function Relationships 198 ■ Box 7.5 ftif/b . 7V>Vi4vnv Evolution of My Brain, by Leah A. Krubitzer 200 CONCLUDING REMARKS 199 APPENDIX: AN ILLUSTRATED GUIDE TO HUMAN NEUROANATOMY 205 Part II Sensory and Motor Systems 249 Chapter 8_______________________________ The Chemical Senses 251 INTRODUCTION 252 TASTE 252 THE BASIC TASTES 253 THE ORGANS OPTASTE 253 TASTE RECEPTOR CELLS 255 MECHANISMS OF TASTE TRANSDUCT1ON 256 Soft/ness 256 Soorness 257 Bitterness 258 Sweetness 258 Umami (Amino Adds) 259 ■ Box 8.1 PtVJ; , -ľ H: v · v A journey Through the Senses, by Charles S. Zuker 261 CENTRAL TASTE PATHWAYS 259 a Box 8.2 í; vy,-;..,. . т.гч >:■ Memories o( a Very Bad Meal 262 THE NEURAL CODING OPTASTE 262 SMELL 263 ■ Box 83 ¡V yw/j/ /ří.v.-ť.v.·- Human Pheromones? 264 THE ORGANS OF SMELL 265 OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS 266 OlfactoryTransduetian 266 CENTRAL OLFACTORY PATHWAYS 269 ♦ EXPANDED CONTENTS XXVII SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL REPRESENTATIONS OF OLFACTORY INFORMATION 272 Olfactory Population Coding 272 Olfactory Maps 272 Temporal Coding in the Olfactory System 274 CONCLUDING REMARKS 274 Chapter 9___________________________________ The Eye 277 INTRODUCTION 278 PROPERTIES OF LIGHT 279 LIGHT 279 OPTICS 279 THE STRUCTURE OF THE EYE 280 GROSS ANATOMY OF THE EYE 280 OPHTH ALMOSCOPIC APPEARANCE OF THE EYE 28 1 ■ Box 9.1 Of Special Interest: Demonstrating the Blind Regions of Your Eye 282 CROSS-SECTIONAL ANATOMY OF THE EYE 282 ■ Box 9.2 Of Special Interest: Bye Disorders 285 IMAGE FORMATION BY THE EYE 283 REFRACTION BY THE CORNEA 283 ACCOMMODATION BY THE LENS 284 ■ Box 9.3 Of Special Interest: Vision Correction 286 THE PUPILLARY LIGHT REFLEX 287 THE VISUAL FIELD 288 VISUAL ACUITY 288 MICROSCOPIC ANATOMY OF THE RETINA 288 THE LAMINAR ORGANIZATION OF THE RETINA 289 PHOTORECEPTOR STRUCTURE 290 REGIONAL DIFFERENCES IN RETINAL STRUCTURE 290 PHOTOTRANSDUCTION 292 PHOTOTRANSDUCTION IN RODS 292 PHOTOTRANSDUCTION IN CONES 296 Color Detection 296 ■ Box 9.4 Of Special ¡тепы: The Genetics of Color Vision 297 DARK AND LIGHT ADAPTATION 296 Calcium s Role in Light Adaptation 298 RETINAL PROCESSING 298 ■ Box 9.5 Path of Discovery: A Glimpse into the Retina, by John Dowling 301 TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE OUTER PLEXI FORM LAYER 299 Bipolar Cell Receptive Fields 299 RETINAL OUTPUT 300 GANGLION CELL RECEPTIVE FIELDS 302 TYPES OF GANGLION CELLS 303 Color-Opponent Ganglion Cells 304 PARALLEL PROCESSING 306 CONCLUDING REMARKS 306 Chapter 10_______________________________ The Central Visual System 309 INTRODUCTION 310 THE RETINOFUGAL PROJECTION 3 1 0 THE OPTIC NERVE, OPTIC CHIASM,AND OPTIC TRACT 311 RIGHT AND LEFTVISUAL HEMIFIELDS 312 TARGETS OF THE OPTIC TRACT ЗІЗ ■ Box 10.1 Of Speda! Interest: David and Goliath 315 Nonthalamic Targets of the Optic Tract ЗІЗ THE LATERAL GENICULATE NUCLEUS 3 1 5 THE SEGREGATION OF INPUT BY THE EYE AND BY GANGLION CELL TYPE 3 1 6 RECEPTIVE FIELDS 317 NONRETINAL INPUTS TO THE LGN 3 1 8 ANATOMY OF THE STRIATE CORTEX 3 1 8 RETINOTOPY 319 LAMINATION OF THE STRIATE CORTEX 320 Trie Cells of Different Layers 32 1 INPUTS AND OUTPUTS OFTHE STRIATE CORTEX 321 Ocular Dominance Columns 322 Innervation of Other Cortical Layers from Layer IVC 323 Striate Cortex Outputs 323 CYTOCHROME OXIDASE BLOBS 324 PHYSIOLOGY OFTHE STRIATE CORTEX 324 RECEPTIVE FIELDS 324 Binocularity 324 Orientation Selectivity 325 ■ Box 10.2 Bniin FtV.î : Optica! Imaging of Neural Activity 328 Direction Selectivity 326 Simple and Complex Receptive Fields 327 Blob Receptive Fields 329 XXVIII EXPANDED CONTENTS PARALLEL PATHWAYS AND CORTICAL MODULES 330 ■ Box 10.3 Path of Discovery: Vision and Art, by Margaret Livingstone 331 Parallel Pathways 330 Cortical Modules 332 BEYOND STRIATE CORTEX 333 THE DORSAL STREAM 334 AreaMT 334 Dorsal Areas and Motion Processing 335 THE VENTRAL STREAM 336 AreaV4 336 Area IT 336 FROM SINGLE NEURONS TO PERCEPTION 337 ■ Box 10.4 Of Special ¡merest: The Magic of Seeing in 3D 338 FROM PHOTORECEPTORSTO GRANDMOTHER CELLS 337 PARALLEL PROCESSING AND PERCEPTION 339 CONCLUDING REMARKS 340 Chapter 11 _______________________________________ The Auditory and Vestibular Systems 343 INTRODUCTION 344 THE NATURE OF SOUND 344 ■ Box I I.I Of v tv;j/ ¡merest. Ultrasound and Infrasound 346 THE STRUCTURE OF THE AUDITORY SYSTEM 347 THE MIDDLE EAR 348 COMPONENTS OF THE MIDDLE EAR 348 SOUND FORCE AMPLIFICATION BYTHE OSSICLES 348 THE ATTENUATION REFLEX 350 THE INNER EAR 351 ANATOMY OF THE COCHLEA 351 PHYSIOLOGY OF THE COCHLEA 352 The Response of the Basilar Membrane to Sound 353 The Organ of Corti and Associated Structures 354 m Box 11.2 »· ■■i ,:,;: ¡λ-.ν -cm: The Deaf Shall Hear: Cochlear Implants 356 Transduction by Hair Cells 356 ■ Box 11.3 Path of Discovery: From Sound to Sensation, by David P. Corey 360 The Innervation of Hair Cells 359 Amplification by Outer Hair Cells 36 1 ■ Box 11.4 Of Special ¡merest: Noisy Ears: Otoacoustic Emissions 362 CENTRAL AUDITORY PROCESSES 363 THE ANATOMY OF AUDITORY PATHWAYS 363 RESPONSE PROPERTIES OF NEURONS IN THE AUDITORY PATHWAY 365 ENCODING SOUND INTENSITY AND FREQUENCY 365 STIMULUS INTENSITY 365 STIMULUS FREQUENCY.TONOTOPY.AND PHASE LOCKING 366 Tonotopy 366 Phase Locking 367 MECHANISMS OF SOUND LOCALIZATION 368 LOCALIZATION OF SOUND IN THE HORIZONTAL PLANE 368 The Sensitivity ofBinaural Neurons to Sound Location 369 LOCALIZATION OF SOUND IN THE VERTICAL PLANE 371 AUDITORY CORTEX 372 NEURONAL RESPONSE PROPERTIES 373 ■ Box 11.5 Of Special ¡merest: How Does Auditory Cortex Work? Consult a Specialist 374 THE EFFECTS OF AUDITORY CORTICAL LESIONS AND ABLATION 374 ■ Box 11.6 Of Special ¡merest: Auditory Disorders and Their Treatments 376 THEVESTIBULAR SYSTEM 376 THE VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH 376 THE OTOLITH ORGANS 378 THE SEMICIRCULAR CANALS 379 CENTRAL VESTIBULAR PATHWAYS AND VESTIBULAR REFLEXES 381 The Vestibulo-Ocular Ref ex (VOR) 382 VESTIBULAR PATHOLOGY 384 CONCLUDING REMARKS 384 Chapter í 2__ The Somatic Sensory System 387 ÍNTRODUCTION 388 TOUCH 388 MECHANORECEPTORS OF THE SKIN 389 Vibration and the Pacmian Corpuscle 391 Two-Point Discrimination 392 PRIMARY AFFERENT AXONS 392 THE SPINAL CORD 394 EXPANDED CONTENTS xxix Segmental Organization of the Spinal Cord 394 ■ Box 12.1 Of Special Interest: Herpes, Shingles, and Dermatomes 396 Sensory Organization of the Spinal Cord 396 THE DORSAL COLUMN-MEDIAL LEMNISCAL PATHWAY 397 ■ Box 12.2 Brain Food: Lateral Inhibition 399 THE TRIGEMINAL TOUCH PATHWAY 400 SOMATOSENSORY CORTEX 401 Cortical Somatotopy 402 Cortical Map Plasticity 404 ■ Box 12.3 Path of Discovery: When Brain Maps Collide, by Vilayanur S. Ramachandran 406 The Posterior Parietal Cortex 407 PAIN 408 ■ Box 12.4 Of Special Interesi: The Misery of Life Without Pain 409 NOCICEPTORS AND THE TRANSDUCTION OF PAINFUL STIMULI 408 ; of Nociceptors 409 ■ Box 12.5 Of Special Interest: Hot and Spicy 410 Hyperalgesia 4 1 0 PRIMARY AFFERENTS AND SPINAL MECHANISMS 4 1 2 ASCENDING PAIN PATHWAYS 413 The Spinothalamic Pain Pathway 4 1 3 The Trigemmal Pain Pathway 4 1 5 The Thalamus and Cortex 415 THE REGULATION OF PAIN 415 Afferent Regulation 416 Descending Regulation 4 1 6 The Endogenous Opiates 417 ■ Box 12.6 Of Special /merest: The Placebo Effect 418 TEMPERATURE 418 THERMORECEPTORS 418 THE TEMPERATURE PATHWAY 420 CONCLUDING REMARKS 421 Chapter J3 _____________________________ 423 Spinal Control of Movement INTRODUCTION 424 THE SOMATIC MOTOR SYSTEM 424 THE LOWER MOTOR NEURON 426 THE SEGMENTAL ORGANIZATION OF LOWER MOTOR NEURONS 426 ALPHA MOTOR NEURONS 428 Graded Control of Muscle Contraction by Alpha Motor Neurons 428 Inputs to Alpha Motor Neurons 430 TYPES OF MOTOR UNITS 430 Neuromuscular Matchmaking 43 1 ■ Box 13.1 ( / .S/Vi/tf/ Interesi. · Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis 432 EXCITATION-CONTRACTION COUPLING 432 MUSCLE FIBER STRUCTURE 433 THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION 434 ■ Box 13.2 Of Speculi Interesi: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy 437 SPINAL CONTROL OF MOTOR UNITS 437 ■ Box 13.3 Of Special ¡merest: Myasthenia Gravis 438 ■ Box 13.4 Path of Disce-verv: Finding the Cause of Myasthenia Gravis, by Jon M. Lindstrom 442 PROPRIOCEPTION FROM MUSCLE SPINDLES 438 The Myotatic Reflex 439 GAMMA MOTOR NEURONS 440 PROPRIOCEPTION FROM GOLGI TENDON ORGANS 443 Proprioception from the Joints 444 SPINAL INTERNEURONS 444 Inhibitory Input 445 Excitatory Input 445 THE GENERATION OF SPINAL MOTOR PROGRAMS FOR WALKING 447 CONCLUDING REMARKS 449 451 Brain Control of Movement INTRODUCTION 452 DESCENDING SPINAL TRACTS 453 THE LATERAL PATHWAYS 454 The Effects of Lateral Pathway Lesions 454 ■ Box 14.1 < ■ vv;·,; .<·;. ■ Paresis. Paralysis, Spasticity, and Babiński 456 THEVENTROMEDIAL PATHWAYS 455 The Vestibulospinal Tracts 456 The Tectospinal Tract 457 The Pontine and Medullary Reticulospinal Tracts 457 THE PLANNING OF MOVEMENT BY THE CEREBRAL CORTEX 459 MOTOR CORTEX 459 XXX EXPANDED CONTENTS THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF POSTERIOR PARIETAL AND PREFRONTAL CORTEX 461 NEURONAL CORRELATES OF MOTOR PLANNING 462 ■ Box 14.2 01 Spéciül Interest: Behavioral Neurophysiology 462 THE BASAL GANGLIA 464 ANATOMY OF THE BASAL GANGLIA 464 THE MOTOR LOOP 466 Basal Ganglia Disorders 466 ■ Box 14.3 Of Speculi ¡merest: Do Neurons in Diseased Basal Ganglia Commit Suicide? 468 THE INITIATION OF MOVEMENT BY PRIMARY MOTOR CORTEX 468 THE INPUT-OUTPUT ORGANIZATION OF M I 469 THE CODING OF MOVEMENT IN Ml 470 The Malleable Motor Map ATI ■ Box 14.4 Path of Discovery: Neurotechnology: Merging Mind and Machines, by John P. Donoghue 473 THE CEREBELLUM 472 ■ Box 14.5 Of Spéciül Interest: Involuntary Movements, Normal and Abnormal 475 ANATOMY OF THE CEREBELLUM 474 THE MOTOR LOOP THROUGH THE LATERAL CEREBELLUM 476 Programming the Cerebellum 477 CONCLUDING REMARKS 477 Part III The Brain and Behavior Chapter 15 479 Chemical Control of the Brain and Behavior 481 INTRODUCTION 482 THE SECRETORY HYPOTHALAMUS 484 AN OVERVIEW OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS 484 Homeostasis 484 Structure and Connections of the Hypothalamus 484 PATHWAYS TO THE PITUITARY 485 Hypothalamic Control of the Posterior Pituitary 485 Hypothalamic Control of the Anterior Pituitary 487 ■ Box 15Л Of Speciai ¡merest: Stress and the Brain 491 THE AUTONÓMIG NERVOUS SYSTEM 490 ANS CIRCUITS 491 Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Divisions 492 The Enteric Division 495 Central Control of the ANS 496 NEUROTRANSMITTERS AND THE PHARMACOLOGY OF AUTONÓMIG FUNCTION 496 Preganglionic Neurotransmitters 496 Postganglionic Neurotransmitters 497 THE DIFFUSE MODULATORY SYSTEMS OF THE BRAIN 498 ANATOMY AND FUNCTIONS OF THE DIFFUSE MODULATORY SYSTEMS 498 ■ Box 15.2 Of Special interest: You Eat What You Are 499 The Noradrenergic Locus Coeruleus 498 The Serotonergic Raphe Nuclei 501 The Dopaminergic Substantia Nigra and Ventral Tegmental Area 501 ■ Box 15.3 Path of Discovery: Awakening to Dopamine, by Arvid Carlsson 502 The Cholinergic Basal Forebrain and Brain Stem Complexes 503 DRUGS AND THE DIFFUSE MODULATORY SYSTEMS 504 Hallucinogens 505 Stimulants 505 CONCLUDING REMARKS 507 Chapter 16__________________________________ Motivation 509 INTRODUCTION 510 THE HYPOTHALAMUS, HOMEOSTASIS, AND MOTIVATED BEHAVIOR 510 THE LONG-TERM REGULATION OF FEEDING BEHAVIOR 511 ENERGY BALANCE 511 HORMONALAND HYPOTHALAMIC REGULATION OF BODY FAT AND FEEDING 5 1 2 Body Fat and Food Consumption 5 1 2 ■ Box 16.1 Of Spedai Interest: The Starving Brains of the Obese 514 The Hypothalamus and Feeding 514 The Effects of Elevated Leptin Levels on the Hypothalamus 5 ( 5 The Effects of Decreased Leptin leyefe on the Hypothalamus 516 The Control of Feeding by Lateral Hypothalamic Peptìdes 518 THE SHORT-TERM REGULATION OF FEEDING BEHAVIOR 519 EXPANDED CONTENTS xxxi APPETITE, EATING, DIGESTION,AND SATIETY 5 1 9 Gastric Distension 520 Cholecystokinin 52 1 Insulin 521 ■ Box 16.2 Of Speculi Interesi: Diabetes Mellitus and Insulin Shock 521 WHY DO WE EAT? 522 REINFORCEMENT AND REWARD 522 ■ Box 16.3 Of Special interest: Self-Stimulation of the Human Brain 524 THE ROLE OF DOPAMINE IN MOTIVATION 523 ■ Box 16.4 Path of Discovery: Just Rewards, by Kent С Berridge 525 ■ Box 16.5 Of Special Interest: Dopamine and Addiction 526 SEROTONIN, FOOD.AND MOOD 524 OTHER MOTIVATED BEHAVIORS 527 DRINKING 527 TEMPERATURE REGULATION 529 CONCLUDING REMARKS 530 Chapter 17_____________________________________ Sex and the Brain 533 INTRODUCTION 534 SEX AND GENDER 534 THE GENETICS OF SEX 535 SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT AND DIFFERENTIATION 536 THE HORMONAL CONTROL OF SEX 537 THE PRINCIPAL MALE AND FEMALE HORMONES 538 THE CONTROL OF SEX HORMONES BY THE PITUITARY AND HYPOTHALAMUS 539 THE NEURAL BASIS OF SEXUAL BEHAVIORS 54 1 REPRODUCTIVE ORGANS AND THEIR CONTROL 541 MAMMALIAN MATING STRATEGIES 543 THE NEUROCHEMISTRY OF REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOR 544 WHY AND HOW MALE AND FEMALE BRAINS DIFFER 546 SEXUAL DIMORPHISMS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 546 SEXUAL DIMORPHISMS OF COGNITION 548 SEX HORMONES.THE BRAIN.AND BEHAVIOR 549 ■ Box 17.1 Of Special ïnierw. Bird Songsand Bird Brains 552 Mismatches Between Genetic Sex and Hormone Action 55 1 ■ Box 17.2 01 Speculi lincivi!: John/Joan and the Basis of Gender Identity 554 Direct Genetic Effects on Sexual Differentiation of the Brain 553 THE ACTIVATIONAL EFFECTS OF SEX HORMONES 555 Brain Plasticity and Maternal Behavior 555 Estrogens, Neunte Growth, and Disease 556 ■ Box 17.3 Path of Discovery: Estrogen and Synapses in the Hippocampus, by Catherine Woolley 558 SEXUAL ORIENTATION 559 CONCLUDING REMARKS 560 Chapter 18 ________ Brain Mechanisms of Emotion 563 INTRODUCTION 564 WHAT IS EMOTION? 564 THEORIES OF EMOTION 564 The James-Lange Theory 564 The Cannon-Bard Theory 565 Unconscious Emotions 567 THE LIMBIC SYSTEM CONCEPT 568 BROCA S LIMBIC LOBE 568 THE PAPEZ CIRCUIT 568 ■ Box 18.1 <» SfvJji !m,:i^; Phineas Gage 570 DIFFICULTIES WITH THE SINGLE EMOTION SYSTEM CONCEPT 571 THE KLÜVER-BUCY SYNDROME 571 THE AMYGDALA AND ASSOCIATED BRAIN CIRCUITS 572 ANATOMY OF THE AMYGDALA 572 THE AMYGDALA AND FEAR 573 A Neural Circuit for Learned Fear 574 ■ Box 18.2 ¡ ;;t: , ?7 >. /ч - т Brains Through і he Back Door, by loseph LťDouv 576 THE AMYGDALA AND AGGRESSION 576 Surgery to Reduce Human Aggression 577 ■ Box 18.5 « ■: v л v ■■*:. .■/. ·. The Frontal Lobotomy 578 NEURAL COMPONENTS OF AGGRESSION BEYOND THE AMYGDALA 579 The Hypothalamus and Aggression 579 The Midbrain and Aggression 580 SEROTONIN AND AGGRESSION 58 1 Xxxii EXPANDED CONTENTS Serotonin Receptor Knockout Mice 58 1 CONCLUDING REMARKS 582 Chapter 19_____________________________ Brain Rhythms and Sleep 585 INTRODUCTION 586 THE ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM 586 RECORDING BRAINWAVES 586 EEG RHYTHMS 589 MECHANISMSAND MEANINGS OF BRAIN RHYTHMS 590 The Generation of Synchronous Rhythms 590 Functions of Brain Rhythms 592 THE SEIZURES OF EPILEPSY 592 SLEEP 594 THE FUNCTIONAL STATES OF THE BRAIN 594 THE SLEEP CYCLE 596 ■ Box 19.1 Of Special Interest: Walking, Talking, and Screaming in Your Sleep 599 WHY DO WE SLEEP? 598 ■ Box 19.2 Of Special Interesi: The Longest All- Nighter 600 FUNCTIONS OF DREAMING AND REM SLEEP 600 NEURAL MECHANISMS OF SLEEP 602 Wakefulness and the Ascending Reticular Activating System 602 falling Asleep and the Non-REM State 602 Mechanisms of REM Sleep 602 ■ Box 19.Ъ Of Special Interest: Narcolepsy 605 Sleep-Promoting Factors 606 Gene Expression During Sleeping and Waking 606 ORCADIAN RHYTHMS 607 BIOLOGICAL CLOCKS 608 THE SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEUS:A BRAIN CLOCK 610 ■ Box 19.4 iff S/Viin! Interest: Mutant Hamster Clocks 613 ■ Box 19.5 Path ¿f Discovery: Strange Vision, by David Berson 614 SCN MECHANISMS 61 і CONCLUDING REMARKS 615 Language 617 INTRODUCTION 618 ■ Box 20. 1 Of Special Interest: Is Language Unique to Humans? 619 THE DISCOVERY OF SPECIALIZED LANGUAGE AREAS IN THE BRAIN 618 BROCA S AREA AND WERNICKE S AREA 620 ■ Box 20.2 Of Special Interest: The Wada Procedure 621 TYPES OF APHASIA 621 BROCA S APHASIA 621 WERNICKE S APHASIA 623 APHASIA AND THE WERNICKE-GESCHWIND MODEL 625 CONDUCTION APHASIA 626 APHASIA IN BILINGUALS AND THE DEAF 627 ASYMMETRICAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING IN THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES 628 LANGUAGE PROCESSING IN SPLIT-BRAIN HUMANS 629 Left Hemisphere Language Dominance 630 Language Functions of the Right Hemisphere 630 ANATOMICAL ASYMMETRY AND LANGUAGE 63 1 LANGUAGE STUDIES USING BRAIN STIMULATION AND BRAIN IMAGING 632 THE EFFECTS OF BRAIN STIMULATION ON LANGUAGE 632 IMAGING OF LANGUAGE PROCESSING IN THE HUMAN BRAIN 633 ■ Box 20.3 Of Special Interest: Hearing Sight and Seeing Touch 636 LANGUAGE ACQUISITION 635 ■ Box 20.4 Path of Discovery: The Origins of Language: A Tale of Two Species, by Patricia Kuhl 639 ■ Box 20.5 Of Special Interest: The Search for Language Genes 640 CONCLUDING REMARKS 641 Chapter 2 í _________________________________ Attention 643 INTRODUCTION 644 ■ Box 21.1 Of Spedai Interest: Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 644 BEHAVIORAL CONSEQUENCES OF ATTENTION 645 ENHANCED DETECTION 645 FASTER REACTION TIMES 647 NEGLECT SYNDROME AS AN ATTENTIONAL DISORDER 647 PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF ATTENTION 649 FUNCTIONAL MR! IMAGING OF ATTENTION TO LOCATION 649 EXPANDED CONTENTS ХХХІІІ PET IMAGING OF ATTENTION TO FEATURES 65 1 ENHANCED NEURONAL RESPONSES IN PARIETAL CORTEX 652 ■ Box 21.2 Path of Discovery: Finding Neuronal Correlates of Attention, by Robert Wurtz 653 RECEPTIVE FIELD CHANGES IN AREA V4 654 HOW IS ATTENTION DIRECTED? 656 THE PULVINAR NUCLEUS 657 ATTENTION AND EYE MOVEMENTS 657 CONCLUDING REMARKS 658 Chapter 22______________________________________ Mental Illness 661 INTRODUCTION 662 MENTAL ILLNESS AND THE BRAIN 662 PSYCHOSOCIAL APPROACHES TO MENTAL ILLNESS 663 BIOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO MENTAL ILLNESS 663 ■ Box 22.1 Path of Discovery: Neuroscience, Genes, and Mental Illness, by Steven E. Hyman 664 ANXIETY DISORDERS 665 A DESCRIPTION OF ANXIETY DISORDERS 665 Panic Disorder 665 Agoraphobia 666 ■ Box 22.2 Of Special Interest: Agoraphobia with Panic Attacks 667 Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder 666 BIOLOGICAL BASES OF ANXIETY DISORDERS 667 The Stress Response 668 Regulation of the ΗΡΑ Axis by the Amygdala and Hippocampus 669 TREATMENTS FOR ANXIETY DISORDERS 670 Psychotherapy 670 Anxiolytic Medications 670 AFFECTIVE DISORDERS 673 A DESCRIPTION OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS 673 Major Depression 673 Bipolar Disorder 673 ■ Box 22.3 OfSpcJtil lateral. A Magical Orange Grove in a Nightmare 675 BIOLOGICAL BASES OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS 674 The Monoamine Hypothesis 674 The Diathesis-Stress Hypothesis 676 TREATMENTS FOR AFFECTIVE DISORDERS 677 Electrocomulsive Therapy 677 Psychotherapy 677 Antidepressants 677 lithium 678 SCHIZOPHRENIA 679 A DESCRIPTION OF SCHIZOPHRENIA 679 BIOLOGICAL BASES OF SCHIZOPHRENIA 680 Genes and the Environment 680 The Dopamine Hypothesis 682 The Glutamate Hypothesis 683 TREATMENTS FOR SCHIZOPHRENIA 684 CONCLUDING REMARKS 684 Part IV The Changing Brain 687 Chapter 23______________________________ Wiring the Brain 689 INTRODUCTION 690 THE GENESIS OF NEURONS 691 CELL PROLIFERATION 691 ■ Box 23.1 Of Special Interest: Neurogenesis in the Adult Neocortex 693 CELL MIGRATION 694 CELL DIFFERENTIATION 695 DIFFERENTIATION OF CORTICAL AREAS 696 THE GENESIS OF CONNECTIONS 697 THE GROWING AXON 698 AXON GUIDANCE 699 Guidance Cues 699 ■ Box 23.2 Path o/Discoven·: All Roads Lead to Netrin, by Marc Tessier-Lavigne 701 Establishing Topographic Maps 700 ■ Box 23.3 Of Spechi ! hneresc Why Our CNS Axons Don t Regenerate 705 Synapse Formation 702 THE ELIMINATION OF CELLS AND SYNAPSES 704 ■ Box 23.4 Of Sîxc.vJ :>::егем: The Mystery of Autism 706 CELL DEATH 706 CHANGES IN SYNAPTIC CAPACITY 707 ACTIVITY-DEPENDENT SYNAPTIC REARRANGEMENT 708 SYNAPTIC SEGREGATION 709 Segregation of Retinal Inputs to the LGN 709 Segregation of LGN Inputs in the Striate Cortex 710 ■ Box 23.5 Brain Fiwi: Ocular Dominance Columns and Other Oddities 711 ■ Box 23.6 Впий Рлчі: The Criticai Period Concept 715 XXXiv EXPANDED CONTENTS SYNAPTIC CONVERGENCE 7 1 2 SYNAPTiC COMPETITION 7 1 3 MODULATORY INFLUENCES 714 ELEMENTARY MECHANISMS OF CORTICAL SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY 716 EXCITATORY SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION IN THE IMMATURE VISUAL SYSTEM 7 1 7 LONG-TERM SYNAPTIC POTENTIATION 7 1 8 LONG-TERM SYNAPTIC DEPRESSION 7 1 8 WHY CRITICAL PERIODS END 720 CONCLUDING REMARKS 722 Chapter 24____________________________ Memory Systems 725 INTRODUCTION 726 TYPES OF MEMORY AND AMNESIA 726 DECLARATIVE AND NONDECLARATIVE MEMORY 726 ■ Box 24.1 Of Specul Interest: An Extraordinary Memory 728 LONG-TERM, SHORT-TERM, AND WORKING MEMORY 727 AMNESÌA 729 ■ Box 24.2 Of Special innren: A Fish Tale of Memory Loss 731 THE SEARCH FOR THE ENGRAM 73 1 LASHLEY S STUDIES OF MAZE LEARNING IN RATS 731 HEBB AND THE CELL ASSEMBLY 733 ■ Box 24.3 Brain Food: A Model of a Distributed Memory 736 LOCALIZATION OF DECLARATIVE MEMORIES IN THE NEOCORTEX 733 Studies in Monkeys 733 Studies in Humans 735 ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF THE HUMAN TEMPORAL LOBES 737 THE TEMPORAL LOBESAND DECLARATIVE MEMORY 738 THE EFFECTS OF TEMPORAL LOBECTOMY 738 A Human Case Study: KM. 738 THE MEDIAL TEMPORAL LOBESAND MEMORY PROCESSING 740 An Animal Model of Human Amnesia 74 1 THE DfENCEPHALON AND MEMORY PROCESSING 743 A Human Case Study: NA 743 Korsakoff s Syndrome 744 MEMORY FUNCTIONS OF THE HIPPOCAMPUS 744 The Effects of Hippocampal Lesions in Rats 745 Spatial Memory and Place Cells 746 m Box 24.4 Path of Discovery: A Brief History of the Water Maze, by Richard Morris 747 Spatial Memory.Working Memory, and Relational Memory 749 THE STRIATUM AND PROCEDURAL MEMORY 75 1 RODENT RECORDINGS AND LESIONS IN THE STRIATUM 75 1 HABIT LEARNING IN HUMANS AND NONHUMAN PRIMATES 752 THE NEOCORTEX AND WORKING MEMORY 754 THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX AND WORKING MEMORY 754 ImagingWorking Memory in the Human Brain 756 AREA LIP AND WORKING MEMORY 757 CONCLUDING REMARKS 758 Chapter 25_______________________________ Molecular Mechanisms of Learning and Memory 761 INTRODUCTION 762 PROCEDURAL LEARNING 763 NONASSOCIATIVE LEARNING 763 Habituation 763 SensHization 763 ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING 763 Classical Conditioning 763 Instrumental Conditioning 764 SIMPLE SYSTEMS: INVERTEBRATE MODELS OF LEARNING 765 NONASSOCIATIVE LEARNING IN APLYSIA 765 Habituation of the Gill-Withdrawal Reflex 766 Sensitization of the Gill-Withdrawal Reflex 767 ASSOCIATIVE LEARNING IN APLYSIA 768 VERTEBRATE MODELS OF LEARNING 772 SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN THE CEREBELLAR CORTEX 772 Anatomy of the Cerebellar Cortex 772 Long-Term Depression in the Cerebellar Cortex 774 Mechanisms of Cerebellar LTD 775 SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY ÍN THE HIPPOCAMPUS 776 Anatomy of the Hippocampus 777 Properties of LIP in CAI 778 Τ EXPANDED CONTENTS XXXV Mechanisms of LTP in CAI 779 PERSISTENTLY ACTIVE PROTEIN KINASES 787 ■ Box 25.1 Brain Food: Synaptic Plasticity: Timing CaMKII and LTP 787 Is Everything 782 „ Box 25.3 plU/, 0 f Discovery: A Memorable Walk Long-Term Depression in CAI 781 on the Beach, by John E. Lisman 789 LTP, LTD, and Glutamate Receptor Trafficking 783 PROTEIN SYNTHESIS 788 LTP, LTD, and Memory 784 Protein Synthesis and Memory Consolidation 788 ■ Box 25.2 Of Special Interest: Memory CREB and Memory 790 Mutants 786 Structural Plasticity and Memory 791 THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF LONG-TERM CONCLUDING REMARKS 792 MEMORY 787
any_adam_object	1
author	Bear, Mark F. Connors, Barry W. Paradiso, Michael A.
author_GND	(DE-588)14280858X (DE-588)1107065194 (DE-588)1107068525
author_facet	Bear, Mark F. Connors, Barry W. Paradiso, Michael A.
author_role	aut aut aut
author_sort	Bear, Mark F.
author_variant	m f b mf mfb b w c bw bwc m a p ma map
building	Verbundindex
bvnumber	BV021536492
callnumber-first	Q - Science
callnumber-label	QP355
callnumber-raw	QP355.2
callnumber-search	QP355.2
callnumber-sort	QP 3355.2
callnumber-subject	QP - Physiology
classification_rvk	CZ 1000 WW 2200
ctrlnum	(OCoLC)266080616 (DE-599)BVBBV021536492
dewey-full	612.8
dewey-hundreds	600 - Technology (Applied sciences)
dewey-ones	612 - Human physiology
dewey-raw	612.8
dewey-search	612.8
dewey-sort	3612.8
dewey-tens	610 - Medicine and health
discipline	Biologie Psychologie Medizin
edition	3. ed.
format	Book
fullrecord	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>03713nam a2200829 c 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">BV021536492</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-604</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20090902 </controlfield><controlfield tag="007">t\|</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">060403s2007 xx ad\|\| \|\|\|\| 00\|\|\| eng d</controlfield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">9780781760034</subfield><subfield code="9">978-0-7817-6003-4</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="020" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">0781760038</subfield><subfield code="9">0-7817-6003-8</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(OCoLC)266080616</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)BVBBV021536492</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-604</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="049" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-19</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-20</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-29</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-473</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-355</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-634</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-703</subfield><subfield code="a">DE-91</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">QP355.2</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="082" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">612.8</subfield><subfield code="2">22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">CZ 1000</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)19225:</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="084" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">WW 2200</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-625)158906:13423</subfield><subfield code="2">rvk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Bear, Mark F.</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)14280858X</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Neuroscience</subfield><subfield code="b">exploring the brain</subfield><subfield code="c">Mark F. Bear ; Barry W. Connors ; Michael A. Paradiso</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="250" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">3. ed.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Philadelphia [u.a.]</subfield><subfield code="b">Lippincott Williams & Wilkins</subfield><subfield code="c">2007</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="300" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">XXXVIII, 857 S.</subfield><subfield code="b">zahlr. Ill. und graph. Darst.</subfield><subfield code="e">1 CD-ROM (12 cm); Online tutoring access codes and instructions</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">n</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="b">nc</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Accompanying compact disc titled "Student CD-ROM to accompany Neuroscience : exploring the brain" includes animations, videos, exercises, glossary, and answers to review questions in Adobe Acrobat PDF and other file formats.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Cerveau</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Hersenen</subfield><subfield code="2">gtt</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Neurociencia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Neurofisiologia</subfield><subfield code="2">larpcal</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Neurologie</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Neurowetenschappen</subfield><subfield code="2">gtt</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Ruggenmerg</subfield><subfield code="2">gtt</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Brain</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Neurosciences</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Spinal Cord</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Neurologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4041888-1</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Neurobiologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4041871-6</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Nervensystem</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4041643-4</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Neurowissenschaften</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)7555119-6</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Hirnfunktion</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4159930-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Nervenzelle</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4041649-5</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Hirnforschung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4123382-7</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1="0" ind2="7"><subfield code="a">Gehirn</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4019752-9</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd</subfield><subfield code="9">rswk-swf</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="655" ind1=" " ind2="7"><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4123623-3</subfield><subfield code="a">Lehrbuch</subfield><subfield code="2">gnd-content</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Nervenzelle</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4041649-5</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="1"><subfield code="a">Hirnforschung</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4123382-7</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="2"><subfield code="a">Gehirn</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4019752-9</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2="3"><subfield code="a">Neurobiologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4041871-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">2\p</subfield><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Hirnfunktion</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4159930-5</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">3\p</subfield><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="2" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Nervensystem</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4041643-4</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="2" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">4\p</subfield><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="3" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Neurowissenschaften</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)7555119-6</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="3" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">5\p</subfield><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Neurologie</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)4041888-1</subfield><subfield code="D">s</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="689" ind1="4" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">6\p</subfield><subfield code="5">DE-604</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Connors, Barry W.</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1107065194</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Paradiso, Michael A.</subfield><subfield code="e">Verfasser</subfield><subfield code="0">(DE-588)1107068525</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="m">Digitalisierung UB Bamberg</subfield><subfield code="q">application/pdf</subfield><subfield code="u">http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014752758&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA</subfield><subfield code="3">Inhaltsverzeichnis</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="883" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">1\p</subfield><subfield code="a">cgwrk</subfield><subfield code="d">20201028</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-101</subfield><subfield code="u">https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="883" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">2\p</subfield><subfield code="a">cgwrk</subfield><subfield code="d">20201028</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-101</subfield><subfield code="u">https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="883" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">3\p</subfield><subfield code="a">cgwrk</subfield><subfield code="d">20201028</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-101</subfield><subfield code="u">https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="883" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">4\p</subfield><subfield code="a">cgwrk</subfield><subfield code="d">20201028</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-101</subfield><subfield code="u">https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="883" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">5\p</subfield><subfield code="a">cgwrk</subfield><subfield code="d">20201028</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-101</subfield><subfield code="u">https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="883" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="8">6\p</subfield><subfield code="a">cgwrk</subfield><subfield code="d">20201028</subfield><subfield code="q">DE-101</subfield><subfield code="u">https://d-nb.info/provenance/plan#cgwrk</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="943" ind1="1" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014752758</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
genre	1\p (DE-588)4123623-3 Lehrbuch gnd-content
genre_facet	Lehrbuch
id	DE-604.BV021536492
illustrated	Illustrated
indexdate	2024-12-20T12:35:55Z
institution	BVB
isbn	9780781760034 0781760038
language	English
oai_aleph_id	oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-014752758
oclc_num	266080616
open_access_boolean
owner	DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-20 DE-29 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-634 DE-703 DE-91 DE-BY-TUM
owner_facet	DE-19 DE-BY-UBM DE-20 DE-29 DE-473 DE-BY-UBG DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-634 DE-703 DE-91 DE-BY-TUM
physical	XXXVIII, 857 S. zahlr. Ill. und graph. Darst. 1 CD-ROM (12 cm); Online tutoring access codes and instructions
publishDate	2007
publishDateSearch	2007
publishDateSort	2007
publisher	Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
record_format	marc
spellingShingle	Bear, Mark F. Connors, Barry W. Paradiso, Michael A. Neuroscience exploring the brain Cerveau Hersenen gtt Neurociencia Neurofisiologia larpcal Neurologie Neurowetenschappen gtt Ruggenmerg gtt Brain Neurosciences Spinal Cord Neurologie (DE-588)4041888-1 gnd Neurobiologie (DE-588)4041871-6 gnd Nervensystem (DE-588)4041643-4 gnd Neurowissenschaften (DE-588)7555119-6 gnd Hirnfunktion (DE-588)4159930-5 gnd Nervenzelle (DE-588)4041649-5 gnd Hirnforschung (DE-588)4123382-7 gnd Gehirn (DE-588)4019752-9 gnd
subject_GND	(DE-588)4041888-1 (DE-588)4041871-6 (DE-588)4041643-4 (DE-588)7555119-6 (DE-588)4159930-5 (DE-588)4041649-5 (DE-588)4123382-7 (DE-588)4019752-9 (DE-588)4123623-3
title	Neuroscience exploring the brain
title_auth	Neuroscience exploring the brain
title_exact_search	Neuroscience exploring the brain
title_full	Neuroscience exploring the brain Mark F. Bear ; Barry W. Connors ; Michael A. Paradiso
title_fullStr	Neuroscience exploring the brain Mark F. Bear ; Barry W. Connors ; Michael A. Paradiso
title_full_unstemmed	Neuroscience exploring the brain Mark F. Bear ; Barry W. Connors ; Michael A. Paradiso
title_short	Neuroscience
title_sort	neuroscience exploring the brain
title_sub	exploring the brain
topic	Cerveau Hersenen gtt Neurociencia Neurofisiologia larpcal Neurologie Neurowetenschappen gtt Ruggenmerg gtt Brain Neurosciences Spinal Cord Neurologie (DE-588)4041888-1 gnd Neurobiologie (DE-588)4041871-6 gnd Nervensystem (DE-588)4041643-4 gnd Neurowissenschaften (DE-588)7555119-6 gnd Hirnfunktion (DE-588)4159930-5 gnd Nervenzelle (DE-588)4041649-5 gnd Hirnforschung (DE-588)4123382-7 gnd Gehirn (DE-588)4019752-9 gnd
topic_facet	Cerveau Hersenen Neurociencia Neurofisiologia Neurologie Neurowetenschappen Ruggenmerg Brain Neurosciences Spinal Cord Neurobiologie Nervensystem Neurowissenschaften Hirnfunktion Nervenzelle Hirnforschung Gehirn Lehrbuch
url	http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=014752758&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA
work_keys_str_mv	AT bearmarkf neuroscienceexploringthebrain AT connorsbarryw neuroscienceexploringthebrain AT paradisomichaela neuroscienceexploringthebrain

Verfügbarkeit

Bestellen (Login erforderlich)

Inhaltsverzeichnis
Paper/Kapitel scannen lassen

Teilbibliothek Medizin

Bestandsangaben von Teilbibliothek Medizin
Signatur:	1102 BIO 781f 2017 B 1664(3) Lageplan
Exemplar 1	Ausleihbar Am Standort