Bislama reference grammar:
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Honolulu
University of Hawaiʿi Press
2004
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Oceanic linguistics special publication
31 |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=012861448&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references and index |
| Umfang: | XV, 205 S. Kt. |
| ISBN: | 0824828801 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Bislama reference grammar |c Terry Crowley |
| 264 | 1 | |a Honolulu |b University of Hawaiʿi Press |c 2004 | |
| 300 | |a XV, 205 S. |b Kt. | ||
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| 490 | 1 | |a Oceanic linguistics special publication |v 31 | |
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references and index | ||
| 650 | 7 | |a Bislama |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Grammatik | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Bislama language |x Grammar | |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819258031408414720 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES..................................................x
PREFACE........................................................xi
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................................xiii
MAPS ..................................................... xiv
1: BACKGROUND TO BISLAM A...................................... 1
1.1 Bislama: An Independent Language........................ 1
1.2 Bislama in Vanuatu Society.......................... 3
1.3 Historical Background .................................. 4
1.4 The Vocabulary of Bislama............................... 5
1.5 Varieties of Bislama......................................7
1.6 What Kind of Grammar is This?.............................9
2; PRONUNCIATION AND SPELLING..................................11
2.1 Consonants............................................. 11
2.2 Vowels................................................. 15
2.3 Expanded Sound Systems............................... 16
2.4 Spelling............................................. 18
2.5 Stress............................................. 21
2.6 Intonation.............................................. 22
2.7 Syllables ........................................ 23
3: PARTS OF SPEECH.............................................24
3.1 Nouns.................................................. 25
3.2 Pronouns............................................... 26
3.3 Prepositions.............................................27
3.4 Verbs.................................................. 28
3.5 Noun Modifiers .................................. 28
3.5.1 Number Markers........................................29
3.5.2 Adjectives...................................... 29
3.6 Adverbs............................................ ..30
3.7 Other Modifiers........................................ 31
3.8 Interrogatives ........................................ 31
3.9 Complex Sentence Markers......................... 32
3.10 Interjections and Vocatives .....*......................32
3.11 Words with Several Functions............................33
4: NOUNS AND NOUN PHRASES......................................37
4.1 Nouns.................................................. 37
4.1.1 Simple and Complex Nouns............................ 37
4.1.2 Compounding...........................................38
4.1.2.1 Adjective + Noun................................ 38
4.1.2.2 Noun + Postmodifier............................. 39
4.1.2.3 Verb + Noun.......................................39
4.1.2.4 Noun + Noun..................................... 39
4.1.3 Reduplication.........................................40
4.1.4 Affixation........................................... 41
v
CONTENTS
4.1.4.1 The Suffix -wan.............................................42
4.1.4.2 The Prefix eks-............................................43
4.1.4.3 Emerging Suffixes?.........................................44
4.2 Pronouns..........................................................45
4.3 Noun Phrases........................................................50
4.3.1 Quantifiers + Nouns ...........................................50
4.3.2 Pronouns + Quantifiers........................................ 56
4.3.3 Adjectives.................................................... 59
4.3.3.1 Reduplication.............................................. 59
4.3.3.2 The Suffix -fala.............................................60
4.3.3.3 Compounding................................................ 63
4.3.4 Noun Postmodifiers ...*...................................... 64
4.3.5 Demonstratives.................................................64
4.3.6 Nouns Modified by Sentences.................................... 65
4.4 Noun Phrases Linked by blong...................................... 67
4.4.1 Possession.................................................... 68
4.4.2 Other Functions of blong...................................... 69
4.5 Coordinate Noun Phrases........................................... 70
5: VERBS AND VERB PHRASES.............................................. 72
5.1 Verbs..............................................................72
5.1.1 Reduplication................................................. 72
5.1.2 Compounds................................................... 76
5.1.3 Affixation.................................................. 77
5.1.3.1 Transitive Suffix .........................................77
5.1.3.2 Directional Suffixes ......................................82
5.1.3.2.1 -Daon ................................................. 83
5.1.3.2.2 -Aot................................................... 83
5.1.3.2.3 -Raon.................................................. 83
5.1.3.2.4 -Bak................................................... 83
5.1.3.2 5 -Ap.................................................. 84
5.2 Complex Verbs................................................... 85
5.3 Verb Phrases.......................................................88
5.3.1 Imperatives, Prohibit! ves, and Hortatives .................... 89
5.3.2 The Forms i and oli............................................ 92
5.3.3 Tense......................................................... 92
5.3.4 Negative Markers ............................................ 95
5.3.5 Auxiliaries..................................................96
5.3.5.1 Mas .......................................... ..........97
5.3.5.2 Bin....................................................... 97
5.3.5.3 Jas.........................................................98
5.3.5.4 Stap...................................................... 98
5.3.5.5 Save...................................................... 99
5.3.5.6 Wantem.................................................. 100
5.3.5.7 Sud............................................... .......100
5.3.5.8 Kanduit....................................................101
5.3.5.9 Kant and Go.............................................. 101
5.3*5.10 Stil......................................................102
vi
CONTENTS
5.3.6 Post-Verbal Modifiers.........................................102
5.3.7 Modifiers of Manner...........................................105
6: SIMPLE SENTENCES.....................................................108
6.1 Statements..................................................... 108
6.1.1 Predicate Sentences and Predicate Markers.................... 109
6.1.2 Non-Predicate Sentences..................................... 113
6.1.2.1 Presentative Sentences.....................................114
6.1.2.2 Equational Sentences.................................... 115
6.1.2.3 Ought to’ Constructions................................ 116
6.1.3 Constituent Order.............................................117
6.1.3.1 Transitive and Intransitive Constructions..................117
6.1.3.1.1 Meteorological Expressions.............................118
6.1.3.1.2 General States....................................... 118
6.1.3.1.3 The Existential Verb gat............................. 119
6.1.3.1.4 Negation of Incomplete Sentences.......................120
6.1.3.1.5 Actions without Causers............................... 120
6.1.3.2 Verb + Noun Constructions.................................122
6.1.4 Double Object Constructions...................................125
6.1.5 Prepositional Phrases.........................................127
6.1.5.1 Basic Prepositions........................................127
6.1.5.1.1 Blong..................................................127
6.1.5.1.2 From.............................................. ...128
6.1.5.1.3 Wetem................................................ 128
6.1.5.1.4 Wetaot(em).............................................129
6.1.5.1.5 Olsem.............................................. 129
6.1.5.1.6 Long...................................................130
6.1.5.2 Verbal Prepositions..................................... 133
6.1.5.2.1 Kasem.............................................. 133
6.1.5.2.2 Bitim................................................ 134
6.1.5.2.3 Ronem................................................ 134
6.L5.2.4 Agensem............................................... 135
6.1.5.2.5 Raonem............................................... 135
6.1.5.2.6Fo/em...................................................135
6.1.5.2.7 Tokbaot................................................136
6.1.5.2.8 Yusum................................................ 136
6.1.5.3 Position of Prepositional Phrases....................... 137
6.1.5.4 Complex Prepositions......................................137
6.1.6 Adverbs..................................................... 139
6.1.6.1 Adverbs of Place......................................... 139
6.1.6.2 Adverbs of Time......................................... 140
6.1.6.3 Adverbs of Manner.........................................141
6.1.6.4 Miscellaneous Adverbs.....................................142
6.1.6.5 Placement of Adverbs and Post-Verbal Modifiers............146
6.2 Questions...................................................... 147
6.2.1 Yes-No Questions............................................ 147
6.2.2 Content Questions........................................... 150
6.2.2.1 Wanem......................................................150
vii
CONTENTS
6.2.2.2 Se........................................................151
6.2.23 Huía.......................................................151
6.2.2.4 Hamos............................................. 153
6.2.2.5 Hameni....................................................153
6.2.2.6 Wijwan.................................................. 154
6.2.2.7 Waswe................................................... 154
63.2.8 Watfo.................................................... 155
6.2.2.9 Wataem .............................................. .155
6.2.2.10 We .................................................... 155
6.2.2.11 Wehem....................................................156
6.2.2.12 From ................................................ 157
6.2.2.13 From wanem...............................................157
6.2.2.14 Olsem wanem.......................................... 158
6.3 Fronted Noun Phrases .......................................... 159
7: COMPLEX SENTENCES................................................... 166
7.1 Serial Verbs.................................................... 166
7.1.1 Directional Verbs.............................................167
7.1.2 Manner Constructions........................................ 170
7.1.3 Causative Constructions.................................... 171
7.1.4 Sequential Actions......................................... 172
7.2 Coordination................................................... 172
7.2.1 Mo.......................................................... 172
7.2.2 Be......................................................... 174
7.2.3 (N)o..................................................... 175
7.3 Subordination................................................ 175
7.3.1 Juxtaposition.................................................176
7.3.2 Subordinator Constructions............................... 177
7.3.2.1 Simple Subordinators......................................178
73.2.1.1 Blong and Long...................................... 178
73.2.1.2 Se ................................................. 182
7.3.2.13 We.................................................. 184
73.2.1.4 Nogud............................................... 186
73.2.2 Complex Subordinators.................................. 187
73.2.2.1 From.................................................187
73.2.2.2 Kasem............................................. 187
73.2.2.3 Olsem.................................................187
73.2.2.4 Taem ......................................... 188
73.2.2.5 Tetaem.............................................. 188
73.2.2.6 Sapos........................................ .....189
73.2.2.7 Nomata, Nevamaen, Nating, and Iven....................189
73.2.2.8 Afta and Bifo...................................... 190
73.2.2.9 Question Words as Subordinators..................... 191
7.4 Sentences in Discourse......................................... 192
7.4.1 The Sequencing of Events................................... 192
7.4.2 Cause and Effect.............................................195
7.43 Contrary to Expectation........................................196
7.4.4 The Pragmatic Particle ia................................ 196
viii
CONTENTS
APPENDIX: PREVIOUS STUDIES OF BISLAM A GRAMMAR....199
REFERENCES........................................201
INDEX.............................................203
ix
|
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| id | DE-604.BV019399094 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T11:59:51Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0824828801 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2004044096 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-012861448 |
| oclc_num | 54446464 |
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| owner | DE-12 DE-11 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-384 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-11 DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-384 |
| physical | XV, 205 S. Kt. |
| publishDate | 2004 |
| publishDateSearch | 2004 |
| publishDateSort | 2004 |
| publisher | University of Hawaiʿi Press |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Oceanic linguistics special publication |
| series2 | Oceanic linguistics special publication |
| spellingShingle | Crowley, Terry 1953-2005 Bislama reference grammar Oceanic linguistics special publication Bislama gtt Grammatik Bislama language Grammar Beach-la-mar (DE-588)4144225-8 gnd Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4144225-8 (DE-588)4021806-5 |
| title | Bislama reference grammar |
| title_auth | Bislama reference grammar |
| title_exact_search | Bislama reference grammar |
| title_full | Bislama reference grammar Terry Crowley |
| title_fullStr | Bislama reference grammar Terry Crowley |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bislama reference grammar Terry Crowley |
| title_short | Bislama reference grammar |
| title_sort | bislama reference grammar |
| topic | Bislama gtt Grammatik Bislama language Grammar Beach-la-mar (DE-588)4144225-8 gnd Grammatik (DE-588)4021806-5 gnd |
| topic_facet | Bislama Grammatik Bislama language Grammar Beach-la-mar |
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