Uveitis and immunological disorders: 26 tables
Gespeichert in:
| Weitere beteiligte Personen: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Berlin [u.a.]
Springer
2005
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Essentials in ophthalmology
|
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010537716&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | XVII, 291 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| ISBN: | 3540200452 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Uveitis and immunological disorders |b 26 tables |c eds. Uwe Pleyer ... |
| 264 | 1 | |a Berlin [u.a.] |b Springer |c 2005 | |
| 300 | |a XVII, 291 S. |b Ill., graph. Darst. | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1820963241030844416 |
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CHAPTER 1
TARGETS IN OCULAR ALLERGY
ALESSANDRA MICERA, SERGIO BONINI,
ALESSANDRO LAMBIASE, ROBERTO SGRULLETTA,
STEFANO BONINI
1.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 CHRONIC ALLERGIC EYE DISEASES . . . . . . 2
1.3 EFFECTOR CELLS AND CYTOKINE RELEASE. 2
1.4 CHEMOKINES
AND ADHESION MOLECULES . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.5 NEUROPEPTIDE
AND GROWTH FACTOR INVOLVEMENT. . . . 4
1.6 TISSUE REMODELLING
AND THE CONTRIBUTION OF FIBROBLASTS 5
1.7 METABOLISM OF EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX . 6
1.8 CONCLUSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
CHAPTER 2
DRY EYE: INFLAMMATION
OF THE LACRIMAL FUNCTIONAL UNIT
STEPHEN C. PFLUGFELDER, MICHAEL E. STERN
2.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.1.1 BASICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.1.2 LACRIMAL FUNCTIONAL UNIT . . . . . . . . . 12
2.2 SPECIFIC PATHOLOGIES
OF THE LACRIMAL FUNCTIONAL UNIT . . . . 14
2.2.1 DYSFUNCTION OF THE AFFERENT SYSTEM . 14
2.2.2 DYSFUNCTION OF THE EFFERENT SYSTEM . 15
2.2.3 GLANDULAR DYSFUNCTION . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.3 LACRIMAL KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS
INFLAMMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.3.1 CORNEAL EPITHELIAL DISEASE . . . . . . . . 17
2.3.2 CONJUNCTIVAL EPITHELIAL DISEASE . . . . 17
2.3.3 INFLAMMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.4 DIAGNOSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
2.5 THERAPIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
CHAPTER 3
OCULAR CICATRICIAL PEMPHIGOID
MUNA AHMED, C. STEPHEN FOSTER
3.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.2 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.3 EPIDEMIOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.4 CLINICAL HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.5 CLINICAL SIGNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.6 STAGING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.7 DIAGNOSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.7.1 LABORATORY TESTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.7.2 CONJUNCTIVAL BIOPSY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
3.7.3 HISTOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.8 TREATMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.8.1 MEDICAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3.8.2 SURGERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
3.9 COLLABORATIVE CARE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
3.10 PROGNOSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
CHAPTER 4
IMMUNOMODULATION
FOR CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION
DOUGLAS J. COSTER, KERYN A. WILLIAMS
4.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
4.2 WHY HAS CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION
FALLEN BEHIND SOLID ORGAN
GRAFTING? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
4.3 IMMUNOMODULATION
FOR CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION . . . . . . . 36
4.4 ACTUARIAL SURVIVAL DATA
ON CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION . . . . . . . 37
4.5 OPTIONS FOR IMMUNOMODULATION . . . 38
4.6 CORNEAL PRIVILEGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
4.7 MECHANISMS
OF CORNEAL ALLOGRAFT REJECTION . . . . . 39
CONTENTS
4.8 THE AFFERENT LIMB:
SENSITIZATION TO CORNEAL ALLOANTIGENS 39
4.9 THE EFFERENT LIMB:
HISTOLOGICAL CORRELATES . . . . . . . . . . . 40
4.10 CURRENT APPROACHES
TO IMMUNOMODULATION
FOR CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION . . . . . . . 41
4.10.1 ANTI-INFLAMMATORY MEASURES . . . . . . 41
4.10.2 ATRAUMATIC MICROSURGICAL TECHNIQUE 41
4.10.3 TOPICAL CORTICOSTEROIDS . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.10.4 HLA MATCHING FOR CLASS I
AND CLASS II ANTIGENS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.10.5 SYSTEMIC IMMUNOSUPPRESSION . . . . . 42
4.10.6 SYSTEMIC CORTICOSTEROIDS . . . . . . . . . . 42
4.10.7 ANTIPROLIFERATIVE AGENTS . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.10.8 CALCINEURIN BLOCKERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
4.10.9 COMBINATION THERAPY . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.10.10 SIDE EFFECTS OF SYSTEMIC
IMMUNOSUPPRESSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
4.11 NOVEL APPROACHES
TO IMMUNOMODULATION . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.11.1 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY FRAGMENTS . . 45
4.11.2 GENE THERAPY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4.12 CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
CHAPTER 5
SCLERITIS
ALISA KIM, SEAN DUMARS, SAMIR SHAH,
BARTLY MONDINO
5.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.1.1 CLASSIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.1.2 ANATOMY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.1.3 PATHOGENESIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.1.4 HISTOPATHOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.2 CLINICAL PRESENTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
5.2.1 HISTORY: OCULAR SYMPTOMS . . . . . . . . 57
5.2.2 PHYSICAL EXAMINATION:
OCULAR SIGNS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5.2.3 ASSOCIATED OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS . . 60
5.2.4 SYSTEMIC DISEASES:
CLINICAL EVALUATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
5.3 DIAGNOSTIC TOOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
5.4 MEDICAL MANAGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
5.5 SURGICAL MANAGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
CHAPTER 6
CLINICAL ASPECTS OF MALT
ERICH KNOP, NADJA KNOP, UWE PLEYER
6.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
6.2 STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF MALT . . . 68
6.2.1 STRUCTURE OF MALT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
6.2.2 EYE-ASSOCIATED LYMPHOID TISSUE
(EALT) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
6.2.3 BASIC FUNCTIONS OF MALT . . . . . . . . . 74
6.3 DRY EYE DISEASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
6.3.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6.3.2 EPIDEMIOLOGY, DEFINITION
AND CHARACTERISTICS OF DRY EYE . . . . . 76
6.3.3 NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACHES
TO DRY EYE DISEASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
6.4 OCULAR ALLERGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
6.4.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
6.4.2 EPIDEMIOLOGY, DEFINITION
AND CHARACTERISTICS
OF ALLERGIC EYE DISEASE . . . . . . . . . . . 81
6.4.3 COURSE AND THERAPY OPTIONS
IN ALLERGIC OCULAR DISEASE . . . . . . . . . 84
6.5 KERATOPLASTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
6.5.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
6.5.2 IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
OF KERATOPLASTY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
CHAPTER 7
IMMUNOGENETICS
OF OCULAR INFLAMMATORY DISEASE
RALPH D.LEVINSON
7.1 INT RO DU C T ION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
7.2 HU MAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGENS . . . . . . . 93
7.2.1 HLA NOMENCLATURE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
7.2.2 CLASS I HLA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94
7.2.3 CLASS II HLA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
7.2.4 HLA HAPLOTYPES
AND LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM . . . . . . . 95
7.2.5 HLA AND DISEASE PATHOGENESIS . . . . 95
7.3 HLA ASSOCIATIONS
WITH OCULAR INFLAMMATORY DISEASE . 96
7.3.1 CLASS I HLA ASSOCIATIONS
WITH OCULAR INFLAMMATORY DISEASE . 96
7.3.2 CLASS II HLA ASSOCIATIONS
WITH OCULAR INFLAMMATORY DISEASE . 98
X
CONTENTS
7.3.3 HLA ASSOCIATIONS
WITH OCULAR INFECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
7.3.4 HLA ASSOCIATIONS
WITH EXTERNAL OCULAR INFLAMMATION. 100
7.3.5 HLA ASSOCIATIONS
WITH EXTRAOCULAR DISEASE . . . . . . . . . . 100
7.4NO
N-HLA
GENES ASSOCIATED
WITH OCULAR INFLAMMATORY DISEASE . 101
7.5OTHER
OCULAR DISEASES . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
7.6 C ONC LUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
CHAPTER 8
IMMUNE MECHANISMS IN UVEITIS
LING CHEN, LYNN K. GORDON
8.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
8.2 ANIMAL UVEITIS MODELS . . . . . . . . . . . 110
8.2.1 EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE
UVEITIS (EAU). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
8.2.2 ENDOTOXIN-INDUCED UVEITIS (EIU) . . 116
8.2.3 EXPERIMENTAL MELANIN-PROTEIN-
INDUCED UVEITIS (EMIU) . . . . . . . . . . 116
8.2.4 EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE PIGMENT
EPITHELIAL MEMBRANE PROTEIN-
INDUCED UVEITIS (EAPU). . . . . . . . . . . 117
8.3 IMMUNE MECHANISMS
IN HUMAN UVEITIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
8.3.1 HLA-ASSOCIATED HUMAN UVEITIS . . . 117
8.3.2 BEHCET*S DISEASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119
8.3.3 VOGT-KOYANAGI-HARADA SYNDROME . . 120
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
CHAPTER 9
THE TIP OF THE ICEBERG: CURRENT KNOWLEDGE
OF UVEITIS IN JUVENILE ARTHRITIS
UWE PLEYER, CLAUDIA SENGLER,
NATASA ORLIC, ROLF KEITZER
9.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125
9.2 CLASSIFICATION OF ARTHRITIS . . . . . . . . . 126
9.3 EPIDEMIOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
9.4 PATHOGENESIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
9.5 RISK FACTORS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT
OF UVEITIS IN JRA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
9.6 CLINICAL FEATURES OF UVEITIS IN JCA . . 128
9.7 COMPLICATIONS OF UVEITIS IN JCA . . . . 129
9.7.1 MACULA EDEMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
9.8 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
9.9 PROGNOSTIC FACTORS FOR UVEITIS. . . . . . 131
9.9.1 GENDER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
9.9.2 TYPE OF ARTHRITIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
9.9.3 ONSET OF ARTHRITIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
9.9.4 SEVERITY OF UVEITIS AT ONSET . . . . . . . . 132
9.10 CORRELATION OF UVEITIS
AND ARTHRITIS ACTIVITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
9.11 TREATMENT OF UVEITIS IN JCA. . . . . . . . 133
9.11.1 TOPICAL STEROID TREATMENT . . . . . . . . . 133
9.11.2 NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
DRUGS (NSAID) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
9.11.3 SYSTEMIC IMMUNOMODULATORY
AGENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
9.12 RECOMMENDATIONS
FOR OCULAR SCREENING IN JCA . . . . . . . 136
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136
CHAPTER 10
HERPES VIRUSES IN OCULAR INFLAMMATION
BAHRAM BODAGHI, PHUC LEHOANG
10.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
10.2 FUNDAMENTAL VIROLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
10.3 EPIDEMIOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
10.4 PATHOPHYSIOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
10.4.1 EXPERIMENTAL VIRAL UVEITIS . . . . . . . . 144
10.4.2 EXPERIMENTAL MODELS
TO STUDY VIRAL RETINITIS . . . . . . . . . . . 145
10.5 CLINICAL FEATURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
10.5.1 ANTERIOR UVEITIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
10.5.2 VIRAL RETINOPATHIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
10.5.3 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
10.5.4 PUTATIVE VIRAL-ASSOCIATED UVEITIS . . . 150
10.6 DIAGNOSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
10.6.1 OBTENTION OF OCULAR FLUIDS . . . . . . . . 151
10.6.2 HERPES VIRUSES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
10.6.3 SEARCH FOR ANTIVIRAL ANTIBODIES . . . . 152
10.7 TREATMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
10.7.1 ANTERIOR UVEITIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
10.7.2 VIRAL RETINOPATHIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
CHAPTER 11
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS AND THE EYE
MARC D. DE SMET
11.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
11.2 POPULATIONS AT RISK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
CONTENTS
XI
11.2.1 HIV ASSOCIATED
IMMUNOSUPPRESSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
11.2.2 IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
IN NON-HIV SETTINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
11.3 APPEARANCE AND COURSE . . . . . . . . . . . 163
11.3.1 MANIFESTATION PRIOR
TO INITIAL TREATMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
11.3.2 MANIFESTATIONS UNDER THERAPY . . . . . 164
11.3.3 DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
11.3.4 INVESTIGATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
11.4 THERAPEUTIC AGENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
11.4.1 GANCICLOVIR. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
11.4.2 VALGANCICLOVIR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
11.4.3 FOSCARNET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
11.4.4 OTHER AGENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
11.5 SCREENING AND TREATMENT
ALGORITHMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
11.5.1 CMV IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS . . . . . 168
11.5.2 CMV IN OTHER IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE
STATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
11.6 MANAGEMENT OF COMPLICATIONS . . . . . 168
11.6.1 IMMUNE RECOVERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
11.6.2 RETINAL DETACHMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
CHAPTER 12
BEHCET*S DISEASE
MANFRED ZIERHUT, NICOLE STUEBIGER,
CHRISTOPH DEUTER, INA KOETTER
12.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
12.2 DEFINITION AND EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BD 174
12.2.1 DEFINITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
12.2.2 HISTORY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
12.2.3 EPIDEMIOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174
12.3 GENETICS OF BD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
12.4 IMMUNOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
12.4.1 T CELLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182
12.4.2 NK CELLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
12.4.3 NEUTROPHILS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
12.4.4 ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION . . . . . . . . . . 183
12.4.5 COAGULATION AND FIBRINOLYTIC
PATHWAY ABNORMALITIES . . . . . . . . . . . 184
12.5 GENERAL (EXTRAOCULAR)
MANIFESTATIONS OF BD . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
12.5.1 ORAL APHTHOUS ULCERATIONS . . . . . . . . 184
12.5.2 GENITAL ULCERATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
12.5.3 SKIN LESIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
12.5.4 PATHERGY PHENOMENON . . . . . . . . . . . 185
12.5.5 SKELETAL SYSTEM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
12.5.6 GASTROINTESTINAL MANIFESTATIONS . . . . 186
12.5.7 NEUROLOGICAL MANIFESTATIONS . . . . . . . 186
12.5.8 VASCULAR MANIFESTATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . 186
12.5.9 RARE MANIFESTATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
12.5.10 LIFE EXPECTANCY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
12.6 OCULAR INVOLVEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
12.6.1 ANTERIOR SEGMENT CHANGES . . . . . . . . 188
12.6.2 POSTERIOR SEGMENT CHANGES . . . . . . . 188
12.6.3 COMPLICATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
12.6.4 DIAGNOSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
12.7 THERAPY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190
12.7.1 LOCAL TREATMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
12.7.2 SYSTEMIC TREATMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
12.7.3 SURGICAL TREATMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
12.7.4 PRACTICAL TREATMENT
RECOMMENDATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
CHAPTER 13
CHOROIDITIS:
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS AND CLASSIFICATION
CARL P. HERBORT
13.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
13.2 INDOCYANINE GREEN ANGIOGRAPHY
(ICGA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202
13.2.1 PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
OF INDOCYANINE GREEN (ICG) . . . . . . . 202
13.2.2 STANDARD ICG ANGIOGRAPHIC
PROTOCOL FOR INFLAMMATORY
DISEASES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
13.2.3 PRINCIPLES FOR THE INTERPRETATION
OF ICGA [9, 10] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
13.2.4 DIFFERENCES BETWEEN FLUORESCEIN
AND INDOCYANINE GREEN
ANGIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
13.2.5 CLINICO-PATHOLOGIC-ANGIOGRAPHIC
CORRELATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205
13.2.6 RELEVANCE OF ICGA IN OCULAR
INFLAMMATORY DISEASES . . . . . . . . . . . 205
13.3 THE CONCEPTS OF INFLAMMATORY
CHORIOCAPILLAROPATHY
AND STROMAL CHOROIDITIS [12] . . . . . . . 206
13.3.1 PRIMARY INFLAMMATORY
CHORIOCAPILLAROPATHY (PICCP) . . . . . 206
13.3.2 STROMAL CHOROIDITIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
13.3.3 SECONDARY INFLAMMATORY
CHORIOCAPILLAROPATHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
XII
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 14
PRIMARY INFLAMMATORY CHORIOCAPILLAROPATHIES
LUCA CIMINO, ALESSANDRO MANTOVANI,
CARL. P. HERBORT
14.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
14.2 ANGIOGRAPHIC SIGNS IN INFLAMMATORY
CHORIOCAPILLAROPATHIES . . . . . . . . . . . 211
14.2.1 ANGIOGRAPHIC SIGNS IN INFLAMMATORY
CHORIOCAPILLAROPATHIES . . . . . . . . . . . 213
14.3 PATIENT HISTORY, SYSTEMIC
AND OCULAR SYMPTOMS AND SIGNS
IN PRIMARY INFLAMMATORY
CHORIOCAPILLAROPATHIES . . . . . . . . . . . 213
14.4 PRACTICAL ATTITUDE IN PRIMARY
INFLAMMATORY CHORIOCAPILLAROPATHIES
(PICCP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
14.5 SPECIFIC ENTITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
14.5.1 MULTIPLE EVANESCENT WHITE DOT
SYNDROME (MEWDS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
14.5.2 ACUTE IDIOPATHIC BLIND SPOT
ENLARGEMENT (AIBSE) . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
14.5.3 ACUTE POSTERIOR MULTIFOCAL PLACOID
PIGMENT EPITHELIOPATHY (APMPPE)
OR ACUTE MULTIFOCAL ISCHAEMIC
CHORIOCAPILLAROPATHY (AMIC) . . . . . 217
14.5.4 MULTIFOCAL CHOROIDITIS (MFC),
INCLUDING PUNCTATE INNER CHOROIDITIS
(PIC), DIFFUSE SUBRETINAL FIBROSIS
AND PRESUMED OCULAR HISTOPLASMOSIS
SYNDROME (POHS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219
14.5.5 SERPIGINOUS CHOROIDITIS . . . . . . . . . . 222
14.6 RARE ENTITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
14.6.1 ACUTE ZONAL OCCULT OUTER
RETINOPATHY (AZOOR)
AND ACUTE ANNULAR OUTER
RETINOPATHY (AAOR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
14.6.2 ACUTE MACULAR NEURORETINOPATHY
(AMN) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
14.7 OVERLAPPING CLINICAL PICTURES
IN PICCPS: THE CHORIOCAPILLARIS
AS THE COMMON DENOMINATOR
OF PICCPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
14.7.1 ASSOCIATION OF DIFFERENT PICCPS
IN THE SAME PATIENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
14.7.2 INTERMEDIARY FORMS OF PICCP . . . . . 226
14.7.3 UNCLASSIFIABLE PRIMARY INFLAMMATORY
CHORIOCAPILLAROPATHIES . . . . . . . . . . . 227
14.8 CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
CHAPTER 15
STROMAL CHOROIDITIS
NADIA BOUCHENAKI, CARL O. HERBORT
15.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
15.2 SPECIFIC ENTITIES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
15.2.1 PRIMARY STROMAL CHOROIDITIS . . . . . . 234
15.2.2 STROMAL CHOROIDITIS AS A RANDOM
INVOLVEMENT OF A SYSTEMIC DISEASE . 243
15.2.3 OTHER INFECTIOUS CHOROIDITIDES . . . . 249
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
CHAPTER 16
IMMUNOMODULATORY THERAPY IN UVEITIS
STEPHAN R. THURAU, GERHILD
WILDNER
16.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
16.2 CYTOTOXIC DRUGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
16.2.1 AZATHIOPRINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
16.2.2 METHOTREXATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258
16.2.3 MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL . . . . . . . . . . . 259
16.2.4 LEFLUNOMIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
16.2.5 CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259
16.2.6 CHLORAMBUCIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
16.3 ANTIBIOTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
16.3.1 SULPHASALAZINE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
16.4 CALCINEURIN INHIBITORS . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
16.4.1 CYCLOSPORINE A (CSA) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
16.4.2 TACROLIMUS (FK506) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
16.4.3 SIROLIMUS (RAPAMYCIN) . . . . . . . . . . . 262
16.5 IMMUNOMODULATORY SUBSTANCES . . . 262
16.5.1 THALIDOMIDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
16.5.2 ANTI-TNF-
A
TREAT MENT . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
16.5.3 INTERFERON-
A
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
16.5.4 DACLIZUMAB . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266
16.6 ORAL TOLERANCE INDUCTION . . . . . . . . . 266
16.6.1 RETINAL AUTOANTIGENS AS TOLEROGENS . 266
16.6.2 HLA-PEPTIDE B27PD
AS ORAL TOLEROGEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268
CONTENTS
XIII
CHAPTER 17
VITRECTOMY IN UVEITIS
MATTHIAS D. BECKER, ARND HEILIGENHAUS,
MARC DE SMET, JANET DAVIS
17.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
17.2 GENERAL APPROACH TO PPV IN UVEITIS 273
17.2.1 PATIENT SELECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
17.2.2 TIMING OF SURGERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273
17.2.3 TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS. . . . . . . . . . 274
17.2.4 DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . 274
17.3 PERIOPERATIVE MANAGEMENT . . . . . . . . 274
17.3.1 ASSESSMENT OF OTHER OCULAR DISEASE 274
17.3.2 CONCOMITANT MEDICAL MANAGEMENT . 275
17.4 COMBINED SURGERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
17.4.1 CATARACT SURGERY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277
17.4.2 MEMBRANE PEELING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
17.4.3 CRYOTHERAPY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
17.4.4 DIAGNOSTIC PPV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278
17.5 POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS . . . . . . 279
17.5.1 HYPOTONY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
17.5.2 RETINAL DETACHMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
17.5.3 VITREOUS HAEMORRHAGE . . . . . . . . . . . 280
17.5.4 UVEITIS RECURRENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
17.6 PPV IN SPECIFIC DISEASES . . . . . . . . . . 280
17.6.1 FUCHS UVEITIS SYNDROME . . . . . . . . . . 280
17.6.2 BEHCET*S DISEASE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
17.6.3 INTERMEDIATE UVEITIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
17.6.4 CHILDHOOD UVEITIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
17.6.5 INFECTIOUS UVEITIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281
REFERENCES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283
SUBJECT INDEX
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
XIV
CONTENTS
AHMED, MUNA,
MD
OCULAR IMMUNOLOGY AND UVEITIS SERVICE,
DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY,
HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL,
243 CHARLES STREET, BOSTON, MA 02114, USA
BECKER, MATTHIAS,
PROF. DR.
INTERDISCIPLINARY UVEITIS CENTER,
DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY,
UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG,
IM NEUENHEIMER FELD 400,
69120 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY
BODAGHI, BAHRAM,
MD, PHD
PROFESSOR OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY,
PITIE-SALPETRIERE HOSPITAL,
47 BD. DE L-HOPITAL,
PARIS 75013, FRANCE
BONINI, SERGIO,
MD
PROFESSOR OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
UNIVERSITY OF ROME TOR VERGATA,
VIA CASSIA ANTICA 35,
ROME 191, ITALY
BONINI, STEFANO,
MD
PROFESSOR OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
INTERDISCIPLINARY CENTRE
FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH (CIR), LABORATORY
OF OPHTHALMOLOGY,*CAMPUS BIO-MEDICO*,
UNIVERSITY OF ROME, ROME, ITALY
BOUCHENAKI, NADIA,
MD
INFLAMMATORY EYE DISEASES UNIT,
FONDATION A DE ROTHSCHILD,
CLINIQUE GENERALE BEAULIEU,
GENEVA, SWITZERLAND
CHEN, LING,
MD, MS
JULES STEIN EYE INSTITUTE,
100 STEIN PLAZA,
LOS ANGELES, CA 90095, USA
CIMINO, LUCA,
MD
OCULAR IMMUNOLOGY UNIT,
DIVISION OF OPHTHALMOLOGY,
ARCISPEDALE S. MARIA NUOVA,
REGGIO EMILIA, ITALY
COSTER,DOUGLAS J.,
MD
PROFESSOR OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY,
FLINDERS UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA,
FLINDERS MEDICAL CENTRE,
BEDFORD PARK, SA 5042,AUSTRALIA
DAVIS, JANET,
MD
UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI,
BASCOM PALMER, 900 NW 17TH STREET,
MIAMI, FL 33136, USA
DE SMET, MARC,
MD
PROFESSOR OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY,
ACADEMIC MEDICAL CENTRE,
UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM, MEIBERGDREEF 9,
AMSTERDAM AZ 1105, THE NETHERLANDS
DEUTER, CHRISTOPH,
DR.
UNIVERSITAETS-AUGENKLINIK,
SCHLEICHSTRASSE 12,
72076 TUEBINGEN, GERMANY
DUMARS, SEAN,
MD
JULES STEIN EYE INSTITUTE,
100 STEIN PLAZA, LOS ANGELES, CA 90095, USA
CONTRIBUTORS
FOSTER,C.STEPHEN,
MD
PROFESSOR OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
MASSACHUSETTS EYE & EAR INFIRMARY,
HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL,
243 CHARLES STREET,
BOSTON, MA 02114-3069, USA
GORDON, LYNN K.,
MD, PHD
JULES STEIN EYE INSTITUTE,
100 STEIN PLAZA,
LOS ANGELES, CA 90095, USA
HEILIGENHAUS, ARND,
PROF. DR.
ST. FRANZISKUS HOSPITAL,
HOHENZOLLERNRING 74,
48145 MUENSTER, GERMANY
HERBORT, CARL P.,
MD, PD, MER
PROFESSOR OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY,
UNIVERSITY OF LAUSANNE,
LA SOURCE EYE CENTRE,
2 AVE. DES BERGIERES,
LAUSANNE 1004, SWITZERLAND
KEITZER, ROLF,
DR.
OTTO HEUBNER CENTER FOR PAEDIATRIC
AND ADOLESCENT MEDICINE,
AUGUSTENBURGER PLATZ 1,
13353 BERLIN, GERMANY
KIM, ALISA,
MD
JULES STEIN EYE INSTITUTE,
100 STEIN PLAZA,
LOS ANGELES, CA 90095, USA
KNOP, ERICH,
PROF. DR.
AUGENKLINIK CHARITE,
CAMPUS VIRCHOW KLINIKUM,
AUGUSTENBURGER PLATZ 1,
13353 BERLIN, GERMANY
KNOP, NADJA, D
R
.
AUGENKLINIK CHARITE,
CAMPUS VIRCHOW KLINIKUM,
AUGUSTENBURGER PLATZ 1,
13353 BERLIN, GERMANY
KOETTER, INA,
DR.
UNIVERSITAETS-AUGENKLINIK,
SCHLEICHSTRASSE 12,
72076 TUEBINGEN, GERMANY
LAMBIASE, ALESSANDRO,
MD
LABORATORY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY,
INTERDISCIPLINARY CENTRE
FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH (CIR),
*CAMPUS BIO-MEDICO*, UNIVERSITY OF ROME,
ROME, ITALY
LEHOANG, PHUC,
MD, PHD
PROFESSOR OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY,
PITIE-SALPETRIERE HOSPITAL,
47 BD. DE L-HOPITAL, PARIS 75013, FRANCE
LEVINSON, RALPH D.,
MD
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
JULES STEIN EYE INSTITUTE,
100 STEIN PLAZA, UCLA,
LOS ANGELES, CA 90095, USA
MANTOVANI, ALESSANDRO,
MD
DIVISION OF OPHTHALMOLOGY,
OSPEDALE VALDUCE, COMO, ITALY
MICERA, ALESSANDRA,
MD
INTERDISCIPLINARY CENTRE
FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH (CIR), LABORATORY
OF OPHTHALMOLOGY,*CAMPUS BIO-MEDICO*,
UNIVERSITY OF ROME, ROME, ITALY
MONDINO, BARTLY,
MD
PROFESSOR OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
JULES STEIN EYE INSTITUTE,
100 STEIN PLAZA,
LOS ANGELES, CA 90095, USA
PFLUGFELDER, STEPHEN C.,
MD
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, ALLERGAN INC.,
2525 DUPONT DRIVE, IRVINE, CA 92612, USA
PLEYER, UWE,
PROF. DR.
AUGENKLINIK CHARITE,
CAMPUS VIRCHOW KLINIKUM,
AUGUSTENBURGER PLATZ 1,
13353 BERLIN, GERMANY
XVI
CONTRIBUTORS
ORLIC, NATASA,
DR.
AUGENKLINIK CHARITE,
CAMPUS VIRCHOW KLINIKUM,
AUGUSTENBURGER PLATZ 1,
13353 BERLIN, GERMANY
SENGLER, CLAUDIA,
DR.
OTTO HEUBNER CENTER FOR PAEDIATRIC
AND ADOLESCENT MEDICINE,
AUGUSTENBURGER PLATZ 1,
13353 BERLIN, GERMANY
SGRULLETTA, ROBERTO,
MD
LABORATORY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY,
INTERDISCIPLINARY CENTRE
FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH (CIR),
*CAMPUS BIO-MEDICO*,
UNIVERSITY OF ROME, ROME, ITALY
SHAH, SAMIR,
MD
JULES STEIN EYE INSTITUTE,
100 STEIN PLAZA, RM,
LOS ANGELES, CA 90095, USA
STERN, MICHAEL E.,
MD
PROFESSOR OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES,
ALLERGAN INC., 2525 DUPONT DRIVE,
IRVINE, CA 92612, USA
STUEBIGER, NICOLE,
DR.
UNIVERSITAETS-AUGENKLINIK,
SCHLEICHSTRASSE 12,
72076 TUEBINGEN, GERMANY
THURAU, STEPHAN R.,
PROF. DR.
SECTION OF IMMUNOBIOLOGY,
DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY,
LUDWIG-MAXIMILIANS UNIVERSITY,
MATHILDENSTRASSE 8,
80336 MUNICH, GERMANY
GERHILD, WILDNER,
DR.
SECTION OF IMMUNOBIOLOGY,
DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY,
LUDWIG-MAXIMILIANS UNIVERSITY,
MATHILDENSTRASSE 8,
80336 MUNICH, GERMANY
WILLIAMS, KERY N A.,
MD
DEPARTMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGY,
FLINDERS UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA,
FLINDERS MEDICAL CENTRE,
BEDFORD PARK, SA 5042,AUSTRALIA
ZIERHUT,MANFRED,
PROF. DR.
UNIVERSITAETS-AUGENKLINIK,
SCHLEICHSTRASSE 12,
72076 TUEBINGEN, GERMANY
CONTRIBUTORS
XVII |
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| genre | (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content |
| genre_facet | Aufsatzsammlung |
| id | DE-604.BV017491954 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2025-01-11T14:31:13Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3540200452 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-010537716 |
| oclc_num | 634176439 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-20 DE-578 |
| owner_facet | DE-355 DE-BY-UBR DE-20 DE-578 |
| physical | XVII, 291 S. Ill., graph. Darst. |
| publishDate | 2005 |
| publishDateSearch | 2005 |
| publishDateSort | 2005 |
| publisher | Springer |
| record_format | marc |
| series2 | Essentials in ophthalmology |
| spelling | Uveitis and immunological disorders 26 tables eds. Uwe Pleyer ... Berlin [u.a.] Springer 2005 XVII, 291 S. Ill., graph. Darst. txt rdacontent n rdamedia nc rdacarrier Essentials in ophthalmology Pathogenese (DE-588)4115512-9 gnd rswk-swf Augenentzündung (DE-588)4137370-4 gnd rswk-swf Uveitis (DE-588)4062232-0 gnd rswk-swf (DE-588)4143413-4 Aufsatzsammlung gnd-content Augenentzündung (DE-588)4137370-4 s Pathogenese (DE-588)4115512-9 s DE-604 Uveitis (DE-588)4062232-0 s Pleyer, Uwe 1957- (DE-588)111452120 edt Erscheint auch als Online-Ausgabe 978-3-540-26752-2 (DE-604)BV022401214 DNB Datenaustausch application/pdf http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010537716&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| spellingShingle | Uveitis and immunological disorders 26 tables Pathogenese (DE-588)4115512-9 gnd Augenentzündung (DE-588)4137370-4 gnd Uveitis (DE-588)4062232-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4115512-9 (DE-588)4137370-4 (DE-588)4062232-0 (DE-588)4143413-4 |
| title | Uveitis and immunological disorders 26 tables |
| title_auth | Uveitis and immunological disorders 26 tables |
| title_exact_search | Uveitis and immunological disorders 26 tables |
| title_full | Uveitis and immunological disorders 26 tables eds. Uwe Pleyer ... |
| title_fullStr | Uveitis and immunological disorders 26 tables eds. Uwe Pleyer ... |
| title_full_unstemmed | Uveitis and immunological disorders 26 tables eds. Uwe Pleyer ... |
| title_short | Uveitis and immunological disorders |
| title_sort | uveitis and immunological disorders 26 tables |
| title_sub | 26 tables |
| topic | Pathogenese (DE-588)4115512-9 gnd Augenentzündung (DE-588)4137370-4 gnd Uveitis (DE-588)4062232-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Pathogenese Augenentzündung Uveitis Aufsatzsammlung |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010537716&sequence=000001&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT pleyeruwe uveitisandimmunologicaldisorders26tables |