Grammaticalization:
Gespeichert in:
| Beteiligte Personen: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2003
|
| Ausgabe: | 2. ed. |
| Schriftenreihe: | Cambridge textbooks in linguistics
|
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=010465991&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Beschreibung: | Hier auch später erschienene, unveränderte Nachdrucke |
| Umfang: | XX, 276 S. |
| ISBN: | 0521804213 0521009480 9780521804219 9780521009485 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
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|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of figures page xiii
List of tables xiv
Preface and acknowledgments xv
List of abbreviations xviii
1 Some preliminaries 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 What is a grammaticalized form? 4
1.2.1 A preliminary classification of grammatical forms 4
1.2.2 Clines 6
1.2.3 Periphrasis versus affixation 7
1.3 Some further examples of grammaticalization 9
1.3.1 Lets 10
1.3.2 A West African complementizer 13
1.3.3 Agreement markers 15
1.4 Grammaticalization and language structure 16
1.5 Grammaticalization and the directionality of language change 16
1.6 Conclusion 17
2 The history of grammaticalization 19
2.1 Introduction 19
2.2 Earlier research on grammaticalization 19
2.3 Research on grammaticalization from the 1960s to
the 1990s 25
2.4 Recent trends in research on grammaticalization 30
3 Mechanisms: reanalysis and analogy 39
3.1 Introduction 39
3.2 Some background assumptions about change 40
3.2.1 Induction, deduction, abduction 41
3.2.2 Who is the language learner? 43
3.2.3 The question of genetic endowment 45
3.2.4 Innovation versus spread 46
ix
x Contents
3.3 Reanalysis 50
3.3.1 The French inflectional future 52
3.3.2 The English modal auxiliaries 55
3.4 The independence of reanalysis and grammaticalization 58
3.4.1 Word order change 59
3.5 Analogy/rule generalization 63
3.6 The differential effects of reanalysis and analogy 68
3.7 Conclusion 69
4 Pragmatic factors 71
4.1 Introduction 71
4.2 Inferencing and meaning change 74
4.2.1 Semantics and pragmatics 76
4.2.2 Relationships between senses of a form: homonymy
and polysemy 77
4.2.3 Conversational and conventional inferencing 78
4.3 The role of pragmatic inferencing in grammaticalization 81
4.3.1 Metaphorical processes 84
4.3.2 Metonymic processes 87
4.4 Metaphor and metonymy as problem solving 92
4.5 Pragmatic enrichment versus bleaching 94
4.6 Conclusion 98
5 The hypothesis of unidirectionality 99
5.1 Introduction 99
5.2 Generalization 100
5.2.1 Generalization of meaning 101
5.2.2 Generalization of grammatical function 104
5.3 Decategorialization 106
5.3.1 A noun to affix cline 110
5.3.2 A verb to affix cline 111
5.3.3 Multiple paths 114
5.4 Some processes participating in unidirectionality 115
5.4.1 Specialization 116
5.4.2 Divergence 118
5.4.3 Renewal 122
5.5 A synchronic result of unidirectionality: layering 124
5.6 Frequency 126
5.6.1 Frequency effects 127
5.6.2 Synchronic studies of frequency 128
5.6.3 Diachronic studies of frequency 129
5.7 Counterexamples to unidirectionality 130
5.8 The uses of unidirectionality in reconstruction 138
5.9 Conclusion 139
Contents xi
6 Clause internal morphological changes 140
6.1 Introduction 140
6.2 Morphologization 140
6.2.1 Some characteristics of clitics 142
6.2.2 Positions of clitics 143
6.2.3 Semantic relevance as a factor in fusion and morpheme
order 151
6.2.4 Phonological concomitants of morphologization 154
6.3 The development of paradigms 159
6.4 Argument structure marking: functional semantic hierarchies
and morphological generalization 165
6.4.1 Object marking in Persian 165
6.4.2 Ergative case marking: a statistical perspective 168
6.5 Loss 172
6.6 Conclusion 174
7 Grammaticalization across clauses 175
7.1 Introduction 175
7.2 A cline of clause combining constructions 176
7.2.1 Parataxis 179
7.2.2 Hypotaxis 181
7.2.3 Subordination 183
7.3 The grammaticalization of clause linkers 184
7.4 Examples of the development of complex sentence
constructions 190
7.4.1 Tfcjf complementation in English 190
7.4.2 Quotative jav constructions in Akkadian 194
7.4.3 Relative clauses in English and Hittite 196
7.5 From complex to simple clauses 204
7.5.1 From clause chaining to verb inflection in Lhasa 204
7.5.2 Two conjoined clauses reanalyzed as a single
clause 206
7.5.3 From main clause construction to sentential
adverb in contemporary English 207
7.6 Some counterexamples to unidirectionality in clause
combining 209
7.7 Conclusion 211
8 Grammaticalization in situations of extreme language
contact 212
8.1 Introduction 212
8.2 Basic characteristics of pidgins and Creoles 213
8.2.1 Some characteristics of pidgins 214
8.2.2 Some characteristics of Creoles 216
xii Contents
8.3 Implications of pidgins and Creoles for language change 219
8.3.1 Child versus adult language acquisition 219
8.3.2 Simplification and elaboration 222
8.4 Specific implications of pidgins and Creoles for
grammaticalization 224
9 Summary and suggestions for further work 231
Notes 234
References 237
Index of names 265
Index of languages 270
General index 272
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Hopper, Paul J. 1939- Traugott, Elizabeth Closs 1939- |
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| discipline | Sprachwissenschaft Literaturwissenschaft |
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| spellingShingle | Hopper, Paul J. 1939- Traugott, Elizabeth Closs 1939- Grammaticalization Grammaticalisation Grammaticalisation rasuqam Grammaticalisering gtt Grammatik Grammar, Comparative and general Grammaticalization Grammatikalisation (DE-588)4277030-0 gnd Kontrastive Grammatik (DE-588)4073706-8 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4277030-0 (DE-588)4073706-8 (DE-588)4123623-3 |
| title | Grammaticalization |
| title_auth | Grammaticalization |
| title_exact_search | Grammaticalization |
| title_full | Grammaticalization Paul J. Hopper ; Elizabeth Closs Traugott |
| title_fullStr | Grammaticalization Paul J. Hopper ; Elizabeth Closs Traugott |
| title_full_unstemmed | Grammaticalization Paul J. Hopper ; Elizabeth Closs Traugott |
| title_short | Grammaticalization |
| title_sort | grammaticalization |
| topic | Grammaticalisation Grammaticalisation rasuqam Grammaticalisering gtt Grammatik Grammar, Comparative and general Grammaticalization Grammatikalisation (DE-588)4277030-0 gnd Kontrastive Grammatik (DE-588)4073706-8 gnd |
| topic_facet | Grammaticalisation Grammaticalisering Grammatik Grammar, Comparative and general Grammaticalization Grammatikalisation Kontrastive Grammatik Lehrbuch |
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