Innovation and knowledge creation in an open economy: Canadian industry and international implications
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Cambridge [u.a.]
Cambridge Univ. Press
2003
|
| Ausgabe: | 1. publ. |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam033/2002067407.html http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam022/2002067407.html http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam026/2002067407.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009879050&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Beschreibung: | Includes bibliographical references (p. 491-506) and index |
| Umfang: | xxv, 512 p. ill. : 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 0521810868 |
Internformat
MARC
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| 100 | 1 | |a Baldwin, John R. |d 1945- |e Verfasser |0 (DE-588)128927623 |4 aut | |
| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Innovation and knowledge creation in an open economy |b Canadian industry and international implications |c John R. Baldwin, Petr Hanel |
| 250 | |a 1. publ. | ||
| 264 | 1 | |a Cambridge [u.a.] |b Cambridge Univ. Press |c 2003 | |
| 300 | |a xxv, 512 p. |b ill. : 24 cm | ||
| 336 | |b txt |2 rdacontent | ||
| 337 | |b n |2 rdamedia | ||
| 338 | |b nc |2 rdacarrier | ||
| 500 | |a Includes bibliographical references (p. 491-506) and index | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a Concurrence internationale | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Entreprises multinationales - Innovations - Canada - Gestion | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Gestion des connaissances - Aspect économique - Canada | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Industrie manufacturière - Innovations - Canada | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Industriële bedrijven |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Innovations - Canada - Gestion | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Kennismanagement |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Recherche industrielle - Canada - Gestion | |
| 650 | 7 | |a Vernieuwing |2 gtt | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Multinationales Unternehmen | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Competition, International | |
| 650 | 4 | |a International business enterprises |x Technological innovations |z Canada |x Management | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Knowledge management |x Economic aspects |z Canada | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Manufacturing industries |x Technological innovations |z Canada | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Research, Industrial |z Canada |x Management | |
| 650 | 4 | |a Technological innovations |z Canada |x Management | |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Wissensmanagement |0 (DE-588)4561842-2 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 650 | 0 | 7 | |a Technische Innovation |0 (DE-588)4431027-4 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf |
| 651 | 4 | |a Kanada | |
| 651 | 7 | |a Kanada |0 (DE-588)4029456-0 |2 gnd |9 rswk-swf | |
| 689 | 0 | 0 | |a Kanada |0 (DE-588)4029456-0 |D g |
| 689 | 0 | 1 | |a Technische Innovation |0 (DE-588)4431027-4 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | 2 | |a Wissensmanagement |0 (DE-588)4561842-2 |D s |
| 689 | 0 | |5 DE-604 | |
| 700 | 1 | |a Hanel, Petr |e Sonstige |4 oth | |
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| 856 | 4 | |u http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam022/2002067407.html |3 Publisher description | |
| 856 | 4 | |u http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam026/2002067407.html |3 Table of contents | |
| 856 | 4 | 2 | |m HBZ Datenaustausch |q application/pdf |u http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009879050&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |3 Inhaltsverzeichnis |
| 943 | 1 | |a oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009879050 | |
Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819248897598423040 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | Contents
List of Tables and Figures page xv
Acknowledgments xxvii
1 The Economics of Knowledge Creation 1
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Innovation: Crosscutting Themes 2
1.2.1 The Nature of Innovation: Core Framework 2
1.2.2 Heterogeneity of Innovation Regimes and the
Environment 4
1.2.3 Knowledge Externalities, Market Imperfections,
and Diffusion 8
1.3 The Economic Themes
1.3.1 The Nature of Innovation Outputs 12
1.3.2 The Nature of Innovation Inputs 14
1.4 The Organization of the Study and Principal Findings 16
1.4.1 The Innovation Survey 16
1.4.2 Innovation Intensity 17
1.4.3 The Sources of Knowledge 18
1.4.4 Research and Development 19
1.4.5 Effects of Innovation 20
1.4.6 Innovation and Research and Development in Small
Versus Large Firms 21
1.4.7 Innovation Regimes and Type of Innovation 22
1.4.8 The Use of Property Rights 23
1.4.9 Multinationals and the Canadian Innovation Process 23
1.4.10 Financing and the Cost of Innovation 24
1.4.11 Technology, Joint Ventures, and the Transfer of
Innovation 26
vii
viii Contents
1.4.12 Strategic Capabilities in Innovative Businesses 27
1.4.13 Firm and Industry Characteristics Associated with
Innovation 27
2 The Innovation Survey 29
2.1 Introduction 29
2.2 Denning Innovation 29
2.3 Measuring Innovation 34
2.4 Understanding the Innovation Regime 36
2.5 Background on the 1993 Canadian Survey of Innovation
and Advanced Technology 38
3 Patterns of Innovation: Intensity and Types 43
3.1 Introduction 43
3.2 The Incidence of Innovation 45
3.2.1 Types of Innovations Introduced 51
3.3 Characteristics of Innovation 52
3.3.1 Originality and Type of Innovation 52
3.3.2 The Number of Innovations Introduced 55
3.3.3 Features of Innovation 57
3.4 Conclusion 59
4 Sources of Innovations 63
4.1 Introduction 63
4.2 Internal Sources of New Ideas 68
4.2.1 Industry Differences in Internal Sources of Innovative
Ideas 70
4.2.2 Internal Sources of New Ideas by Industry Branch 72
4.2.3 Combinations of Internal Sources 72
4.3 External Sources of Ideas and Information for Innovation 74
4.3.1 Industry Sector Differences in External Sources of
Innovative Ideas 78
4.3.2 Product Versus Process Innovators 81
4.3.3 Spillovers, Market Transactions, and Infra technologies 83
4.4 Sources of New Technology 87
4.4.1 Industry Sector Differences in Internal Sources of
Technology 88
4.4.2 External Sources of Ideas for New Technology 89
4.4.3 Relationship Between Internal and External Sources
of Technology 90
4.5 Conclusion 91
5 Research and Development and Innovation 96
5.1 Introduction 96
5.2 Definitions: Expenditures on Research and Development 96
5.3 Expenditures on Innovation 98
Contents ix
5.4 Research and Development Activity 103
5.4.1 Frequency of Research and Development 103
5.4.2 Organization of R D Facilities 104
5.4.3 Collaborative Research and Development 105
5.5 The Valuation of Innovation Strategies by R D Type 108
5.6 Industry Differences in Research and Development 109
5.6.1 Frequency of Research and Development 110
5.6.2 Organization of Research and Development 112
5.6.3 Other Research Related Activities 115
5.6.4 Patterns of Collaborative Agreements 118
5.7 Differences in the Research and Development
Characteristics of Innovative and Non innovative Firms 121
5.7.1 Distinguishing Innovative and Non innovative Firms 121
5.7.2 R D Activity in Innovative and Non innovative Firms 122
5.7.3 R D Differences Across Novelty Types 125
5.8 Conclusion 127
6 Effects of Innovation 130
6.1 Introduction 130
6.2 Changes in Organization of Production Brought About
by Innovation in General 133
6.3 Effect of the Most Profitable Innovation on a Firm s
Demand, Share of the Market, Factor Costs, and
Profitability 138
6.3.1 Innovation and Outcomes 138
6.3.2 Innovation and Sources of Reduction in Production
Costs 140
6.4 Innovation and Government Regulation 142
6.5 Effect of Innovation on Employment and Skills of Workers 144
6.5.1 Employment Effect Depends on the Type of Innovation 145
6.5.2 Discriminant Analysis of Employment Effects 146
6.6 Innovation and Export Sales 153
6.7 Conclusion 154
7 Innovation and Research and Development in Small and
Large Firms 156
7.1 Introduction 156
7.2 Do Small Firms Suffer from an Innovation Gap? 159
7.3 Sources of Innovations 166
7.4 Research and Development Activity 170
7.4.1 Frequency of Research and Development 170
7.4.2 Organization of R D Facilities 172
7.4.3 Collaborative Research and Development 174
7.5 The Link Between R D and Innovation 175
x Contents
7.6 Impediments Associated with Innovation 179
7.7 Conclusion 181
8 Innovation Regimes and Type of Innovation 185
8.1 Introduction 185
8.2 The Definition of Innovation 187
8.3 The Data 187
8.4 How Prevalent Is Innovation? 188
8.5 Types of Innovation 191
8.6 Features of Innovation 194
8.7 The Benefits of Innovation 196
8.8 Internal Sources of Innovation Ideas 199
8.9 External Sources of Innovation Ideas 201
8.10 The Importance of R D Activity 203
8.11 Internal Sources for New Technologies 204
8.12 External Sources of New Technologies 205
8.13 Protection for Intellectual Property 207
8.14 Impediments to Innovation 209
8.15 What Happens to Workers in Innovative Firms? 212
8.16 Conclusion 214
9 The Use of Intellectual Property Rights 219
9.1 Introduction 219
9.2 Canada in an International Context 221
9.3 Forms of Intellectual Property Protection 224
9.4 Use of Intellectual Property Rights by Manufacturing
Firms Operating in Canada 226
9.5 Effectiveness of Intellectual Property Protection 229
9.5.1 Overall Evaluations 229
9.5.2 Canada/United States Comparisons 233
9.6 Large Versus Small Firms 234
9.7 Differences in the Use of Intellectual Property Protection
by Innovative and Non innovative Firms 237
9.7.1 Distinguishing Innovative and Non innovative Firms 237
9.7.2 Intellectual Property Use and Innovativeness 237
9.7.3 Innovation Differences Across Size Classes 240
9.7.4 Intellectual Property Protection and the
Characteristics of Innovations 244
9.8 Industry Differences 249
9.8.1 Industry Use of Intellectual Property Protection 251
9.8.2 Industry Effectiveness of Intellectual Property
Protection 253
9.9 Multivariate Analysis of Intellectual Property Use and
Effectiveness 255
9.10 Conclusion 260
Contents xi
10 Multinationals and the Canadian Innovation Process 265
10.1 Introduction 265
10.2 Characteristics of Canadian and Foreign Owned Firms:
Size and Industry Differences 270
10.3 Incidence and Organization of R D 273
10.3.1 Sector Differences 277
10.3.2 Probabilistic Models of R D Organization 279
10.3.3 R D Collaboration Partnerships 284
10.4 Sources of New Ideas and Inspiration for Innovation 287
10.4.1 How Important as Sources of Innovative Ideas
Are Foreign Parents and Sister Companies of
Foreign Owned Firms? 288
10.4.2 Internal and External Sources of Technology 294
10.4.3 Transfer of Technology 294
10.5 Impediments to Innovations 297
10.6 Do Canadian Owned Firms Innovate More or Less
Than Foreign Affiliates? 299
10.6.1 Do Foreign Owned Firms Introduce Process
Innovations More Often Than the Canadian
Owned Firms? 302
10.6.2 Originality of Innovations 303
10.6.3 The Number of Innovations Introduced 306
10.7 Use of Intellectual Property Rights 308
10.8 Effects of Innovation 311
10.8.1 Do Foreign Affiliates Export More or Less Than
Canadian Owned Firms? 312
10.8.2 The Impact of Innovation on Employment and Skill
Requirements 313
10.9 Ownership Versus Trade Orientation 316
10.10 Conclusions 317
11 Financing and the Cost of Innovation 322
11.1 Introduction 322
11.2 The Costs of Innovation 323
11.2.1 Product Process Innovation Cost Differences 325
11.3 The Sources of Funds for Innovation 328
11.4 Government Funding of Innovation 333
11.4.1 Tax Credits 334
11.4.2 Use of Tax Credits 335
11.4.3 R D Activity, Tax Credits, and Innovation
Performance 339
11.5 Conclusion 345
12 The Diffusion of Innovation 349
12.1 Introduction 349
xii Contents
12.2 Technology Transfer Agreements 350
12.2.1 Characteristics of Technology Transfer Agreements 353
12.2.2 Rights and Restrictions Associated with Technology
Transfer 354
12.2.3 Restrictions Attached to Technology Transfer
Agreements 357
12.2.4 A Probabilistic Model of Technology Transfer via
Licensing 360
12.2.5 Probability of Continuous Versus One Time
Transfers of Technology 363
12.3 Participation in Joint Ventures and Strategic Alliances 364
12.3.1 The Incidence of Joint Ventures and Strategic
Alliances 365
12.3.2 The Relationship Between R D Collaboration,
Joint Ventures, and Innovation 366
12.3.3 Modelling the Probability of a Firm Using a Joint
Venture 368
12.4 Diffusion of Innovation 371
12.4.1 The Users of Innovations 371
12.4.2 Interindustry Flows of Innovations 372
12.5 Conclusion 374
13 Strategic Capabilities in Innovative Businesses 378
13.1 Introduction 378
13.2 Strategic Capabilities and Competencies 380
13.3 Innovation and Technology Strategies 383
13.4 Production Strategies 385
13.5 Marketing and Product Based Strategies 387
13.6 Human Resource Strategies 389
13.7 Specialized Management Strategies 392
13.8 Conclusion 394
14 Determinants of Innovation 397
14.1 Introduction 397
14.2 Empirical Model 400
14.2.1 The Model 400
14.2.2 Innovation Variable 401
14.2.3 Explanatory Variables 402
14.2.4 Estimation Procedures 409
14.3 Regression Results 412
14.3.1 Incidence of Innovation 412
14.3.2 Patent Use 417
14.3.3 Type of Innovation 418
14.3.4 Novelty of Innovation 421
14.4 Conclusion 423
Contents xiii
15 Summary 427
15.1 Innovation Types 428
15.2 The Impact of Innovation 429
15.3 The Innovation Process 431
15.3.1 Sources of Innovation 431
15.3.2 The R D Process 434
15.3.3 Technology Acquisition 435
15.3.4 Intellectual Property Rights 436
15.3.5 Financing 438
15.3.6 Complementary Strategies for Innovative Firms 439
15.4 Heterogeneity 440
15.4.1 Differences in Innovation Regimes Across Industries 441
15.4.2 Differences in Innovation Regimes Across Firm Size
Classes 445
15.4.3 Differences in Innovation Regimes Across Novelty
Types 450
15.4.4 Differences in Innovation Regimes by Nationality 451
Appendix The Innovation and Advanced Technology Survey 455
A.I Background 455
A.2 The 1993 Survey of Innovation and Advanced
Technology 456
A3 Respondents Guide: Survey of Innovation and
Advanced Technology 484
References 491
Index 507
Tables and Figures
TABLES
2.1 Alternate Measures of Innovation Intensity page 35
2.2 The Types of Sampling Units 39
3.1 The Percentage of Firms That Introduced, or Were in
the Process of Introducing, an Innovation During
1989 91, by Size Class 45
3.2 The Percentage of Firms That Introduced, or Were in
the Process of Introducing, an Innovation During
1989 91, by Size Class and Individual Industry 47
3.3 Comparison of Technology Patterns in the United
Kingdom and United States 49
3.4 The Percentage of Firms That Introduced, or Were in
the Process of Introducing, an Innovation During
1989 91, by Industrial Sector and Size Class 50
3.5 The Percentage of Innovating Firms That Introduced,
or Were in the Process of Introducing, Product or
Process Innovations 51
3.6 Distribution of Product and Process Innovation, by
Industrial Sector (% of Firms) 52
3.7 The Distribution of Innovations, by Novelty Type and
Industrial Sector (% of Firms) 53
3.8 Distribution of Innovations by Novelty Type and by
Individual Industrial Sector (% of Firms) 55
3.9 The Number of Product and Process Innovations
Introduced 56
XV
xvi Tables and Figures
3.10 The Number of Product and Process Innovations
Introduced, by Industrial Sector 57
3.11 Features of the Most Profitable Innovation Reported
by Size Class, Novelty of Innovation, and Industrial
Sector (% of Innovators) 58
3.12 Innovation Features, by Individual Industry
(% of Innovators) 60
4.1 Internal Sources of Innovative Ideas, by Novelty Type
(% of Innovators Using a Source) 69
4.2 Internal Sources of Innovative Ideas, by Industrial
Sector (% of Innovators Using a Source) 70
4.3 Internal Sources of Innovative Ideas, by Individual
Industry (% of Innovators Using a Source) 73
4.4 Internal Sources of Innovative Ideas Reported by
Firms That Used and That Did Not Use Ideas from
Their Own R D, by Industrial Sector (% of
Innovators Using a Source) 74
4.5 Principal External Sources of Ideas for Innovations, by
Novelty Type (% of Innovators Using a Source) 76
4.6 Main External Sources of Ideas for Innovations, by
Industrial Sector (% of Innovators Using a Source) 78
4.7 Main External Sources of Innovative Ideas, by
Individual Industry (% of Innovators Using a Source) 80
4.8 Sources of Internal and External Ideas for Innovations
for Product Versus Process Innovations (% of Firms
Using a Source) 82
4.9 Correlations Between Inside and Outside Sources of
Innovative Ideas 84
4.10 Internal Sources for Technology Used by Innovators,
by Novelty Type (% of Innovators Using a Source) 88
4.11 Internal Sources for Technology Required for
Innovation, by Industrial Sector (% of Innovators
Using a Source) 89
4.12 Correlations Between Internal and External
Technology Sources 91
5.1 Percentage of Firms Conducting Research and
Development 104
5.2 Percentage of Firms Conducting Research and
Development Using Different R D Delivery
Mechanisms 104
Tables and Figures xvii
5.3 Differences in R D Delivery Mechanisms Between
Ongoing and Occasional Performers (% of Firms) 105
5.4 Percentage of Firms Conducting R D with R D
Collaborative Agreements 107
5.5 Patterns of Collaboration by Firms (% of Firms
Indicating R D Collaboration) 107
5.6 Average Scores Attached to Innovation Strategies
(Mean Score on a Scale of 1 5) 109
5.7 Intensity of Research and Development, by Individual
Industry 111
5.8 Delivery Mechanisms for R D Activity, by Individual
Industry 113
5.9 Alternate Measures of the Importance of Research, by
Individual Industry 116
5.10 Patterns of Collaboration, by Industrial Sector (% of
Firms Reporting Collaborative Agreement) 119
5.11 Frequency of R D Activity, by Innovator Versus
Non innovator (% of Firms) 122
5.12 Delivery Mechanisms for R D Activity in Innovators
Versus Non innovators (% of Firms) 123
5.13 Percentage of Innovators Versus Non innovators
Forming R D Collaborative Agreements 124
5.14 Source of R D Collaborative Agreements for
Innovators Versus Non innovators (% of Collaborators) 124
5.15 Regional Patterns of R D Collaborative Agreements
in Large Innovative Firms (% of Collaborators) 125
5.16 Regional Patterns of R D Collaborative Agreements
in Large Non innovative Firms (% of Collaborators) 125
5.17 Regional Patterns of R D Collaborative Agreements
in Small Innovative Firms (% of Collaborators) 126
5.18 Regional Patterns of R D Collaborative Agreements
in Small Non innovative Firms (% of Collaborators) 126
5.19 Percentage of Firms Performing R D, by Type of
Innovation 127
6.1 Changes in Production Organization Associated with
Innovation, by Industrial Sector (% of Innovators) 135
6.2 Changes in Production Organization Associated with
Innovation, by Type of Innovation (% of Innovators) 137
6.3 Effects of Innovation on Profit, Factor Costs, and
Demand, by Industrial Sector (% of Innovators) 139
xviii Tables and Figures
6.4 The Percentage of Innovative Firms That Improved
Their Market Share, by Size Class 140
6.5 Effects of Innovation on Factor Costs, Working
Conditions, and Technical Capabilities, by Industrial
Sector (% of Innovators) 141
6.6 Effects of Introducing Innovation in Response to
Government Regulations, by Industrial Sector
(% of Innovators) 143
6.7 Effects of Innovation on the Number and Skill
Requirements of Workers in the Firm (% of
Innovators) 144
6.8 Effects of Innovation on the Number and Skill
Requirements of Workers, by the Type of Innovation
(% of Innovators) 146
6.9 Parameter Estimates of the Function Discriminating
Between Firms in Which Innovation Increased or
Decreased Employment 150
6.10 Percentage of Observations Classified into
Employment Change Groups 151
6.11 Export Incidence and Export Intensity of Innovative
Firms (Employment Weighted) 153
7.1 Percentage of Firms with Innovations, by Size Class 160
7.2 The Percentage of Small and Large Firms That
Introduced, or Were in the Process of Introducing, an
Innovation in 1989 91, by Individual Industry 161
7.3 Percentage of Innovators with Product Versus Process
Innovations, by Size Class 162
7.4 Number of Product and Process Innovations
Introduced, by Size Class 163
7.5 Novelty of Innovation, by Size Class (% of Innovations) 164
7.6 Distribution of Sales, by Innovation Category and Size
Class (% of Total Sales) 164
7.7 Exports as a Percentage of Sales, by Innovation Type
and Size Class 165
7.8 Main Sources of Ideas for Innovations, by Size Class
(% of Innovators) 168
7.9 Main Sources of Technologies Associated with
Innovations, by Size Class (% of Innovators) 170
7.10 Percentage of Firms Conducting Research and
Development, by Size Class 171
Tables and Figures xix
7.11 Delivery Mechanisms for Research and Development,
by Size Class (as % of Firms Conducting R D) 172
7.12 Delivery Mechanisms for Research and Development,
by Type of R D Performer and by Size Class 173
7.13 Percentage of Firms Conducting R D with
Collaborative Agreements, by Size Class 174
7.14 Innovative Intensity for Conductors of R D, by Size
Class (% of Firms) 176
7.15 R D Intensity for Innovators and Non innovators, by
Size Class (% of Firms) 178
7.16 Impediments to Innovation, by Size Class (% of Firms) 181
8.1 Innovation Intensity, by Novelty of Innovation and
Size Class (% of Firms, Employment Weighted) 190
8.2 Effects of Innovation, by Novelty of Innovation (% of
Innovators, Employment Weighted) 197
8.3 Exports as a Percent of Sales, by Novelty of Innovation
(Employment Weighted) 199
8.4 External Sources of Ideas for Innovation, by Novelty
of Innovation (% of Innovators, Employment Weighted) 202
8.5 R D Use, by Novelty of Innovation (% of Innovators,
Employment Weighted) 203
8.6 External Sources for Technology, by R D and Novelty
of Innovation (% of Innovators, Employment
Weighted) 207
8.7 Impact of Innovation on Workers, by Novelty of
Innovation (% of Innovators) 213
9.1 Multiple Use of Statutory Forms of Intellectual
Property Protection (% of Firms) 226
9.2 Usage of Individual Forms of Intellectual Property (%
of Firms) 227
9.3 Effectiveness of Intellectual Property Protection
(Mean Score on a Scale of 1 5) 230
9.4 Effectiveness of Intellectual Property Protection in the
United States (Mean Score on a Scale of 1 7) 234
9.5 Multiple Use of Intellectual Property Protection, by
Size Class (% of Firms) 235
9.6 Usage of Individual Forms of Intellectual Property
Protection, by Size Class (% of Firms) 235
9.7 Effectiveness of Intellectual Property Protection, by
Size Class (Mean Score on a Scale of 1 5) 236
xx Tables and Figures
9.8 Effectiveness of Alternative Means of Protecting New
Products and Processes from Imitation: For Innovators
and Non innovators, Users and Nonusers of
Intellectual Property Protection (IPP) (Mean Score on
a Scale of 1 5) 241
9.9 A Comparison of Innovation Intensity, R D, and
Intellectual Property Use, by Size Class (% of Firms) 242
9.10 A Comparison of R D and Intellectual Property Use
for Innovators, by Size Class (Indexed to Firms
Reporting Sales from Major Product Innovation) 243
9.11 Usage of Intellectual Property Protection for Major
Innovation of Innovator, by Region (% of Innovators) 244
9.12 Usage of Intellectual Property Protection for Major
Product and Process Innovations (% of Innovators) 246
9.13 Usage of Intellectual Property Protection, by Region
and by Product or Process (% of Firms with a Major
Innovation That Reported Making Use of Intellectual
Property Rights for This Innovation) 247
9.14 World First/Non World First Usage of Intellectual
Property Protection for Major Innovation, by Region
(% of Innovators) 249
9.15 Industry Patterns of Patent Use 251
9.16 Usage of Individual Forms of Intellectual Property
Protection, by Individual Industry (% of Firms) 252
9.17 Effectiveness of Individual Forms of Property
Protection, by Industry Sector (Mean Score on a
Scale of 1 5) 254
9.18 Regression Coefficients for Utilization of Intellectual
Property Protection 257
9.19 Regression Coefficients for Effectiveness Score
Attached to Intellectual Property Protection 258
10.1 Composition of the Survey Sample, by Nationality and
by Size Class (% of Manufacturing Firms) 270
10.2 Distribution of Firms, by Nationality and Industrial
Sector (% of Firms) 272
10.3 Incidence and Delivery Mechanism for R D, by
Nationality (% of Firms) 274
10.4 Delivery Mechanism for R D, by Industrial Sector
and Nationality (% of Firms) 278
Tables and Figures xxi
10.5 Multivariate Analysis: Performing R D
(All Firms) 281
10.6 Estimated Probability of Performing R D 282
10.7 Probability Models: Type of Delivery Mechanism
for R D 283
10.8 Internal Sources of Innovative Ideas, by Nationality
and Industrial Sector (% of Innovators) 289
10.9 Main External Sources of Innovative Ideas, by
Industrial Sector and Nationality (% of Innovators) 291
10.10 Main Sources of Internal and External Innovation
Ideas Reported by Foreign Affiliates, Broken Down by
Whether Innovation Ideas Came from Related Firms
(% of Innovators) 293
10.11 Principal Internal and External Sources of Technology,
by Nationality and Industrial Sector (% of Innovators) 295
10.12 Type of Transfer for Technology and Associated
License Restrictions (% of Firms) 296
10.13 Impediments to Innovation, by Industrial Sector and
Nationality (% of Firms) 298
10.14 Percentage of Firms That Introduced, or Were in the
Process of Introducing, an Innovation During the
Period 1989 91, by Nationality and Size Class 300
10.15 Innovation Intensity, by Nationality, Size Class and
Industrial Sector (% of Firms) 300
10.16 Product Versus Process Innovation Intensity, by
Nationality and Size Class (% of Innovators) 302
10.17 Originality of Innovations, by Nationality and
Industrial Sector (% of Innovators) 304
10.18 Number of Innovations Introduced and in Progress for
Product Versus Process Innovations, by Nationality 307
10.19 Multiple Use of Intellectual Property Protection, by
Nationality and Size Group (% of Firms) 309
10.20 Usage of Individual Forms of Intellectual Protection,
by Nationality and Size Class (% of Firms) 309
10.21 Effectiveness of Intellectual Property Protection, by
Nationality (Mean Score on a Scale of 1 5) 310
10.22 Effects of Innovation, by Nationality (% of Innovators) 311
10.23 Export Incidence and Propensity, by Industrial Sector
and Nationality 314
xxii Tables and Figures
10.24 The Effect of Innovation on the Number and Skill
Requirements of Workers, by Nationality
(% of Innovators) 316
10.25 Gradations of Innovation Activity, by Degree of
Foreign Operations (% of Firms) 318
11.1 Distribution of Total Innovation Cost, by Stages of the
Innovation Process (%) 324
11.2 Distribution of Innovation Cost, by Stages of the
Innovation Process and by Type of Innovation (%) 326
11.3 Distribution of Innovation Cost, by Stages of the
Innovation Process and by Industrial Sector (%) 327
11.4 Firms Financing Innovation Entirely from Internal
Sources, by Size Class, Nationality, Novelty, and Sector
(% of Innovators) 330
11.5 The Source of Funding of Major Innovations Not
Wholly Funded Internally, by Industrial Sector and
Novelty Type (% Distribution) 331
11.6 Percentage of Firms Who Conduct R D and Claim
Tax Credits for R D 336
11.7 Firms Conducting R D and Claiming Tax Credits, by
Firm Category and by Industrial Sector (% of Firms) 337
11.8 R D Tax Credit Claims, by Innovation Type and by
Industrial Sector (% of Innovators) 339
11.9 Use of R D and Innovation Success (% of Firms) 340
11.10 Use of Tax Credits and Innovation Success
(% of Firms) 341
11.11 Industry Differences for R D, Tax Credit Claims, and
Innovation (% of Firms) 343
11.12 Percentage of Innovators Claiming Tax Credits, by Size
Class and Industrial Sector 344
12.1 Characteristics of Technology Transfer Agreements for
Those Firms Using External Technology Sources, by
Size Class (% of Firms with Technology Transfer) 355
12.2 Type of Technology Transfer Agreement, by Sector
and Novelty of Innovation (% of Firms with
Technology Transfer) 356
12.3 Rights Associated with Technology Transfer
Agreements, by Industrial Sector (% of Firms with
Technology Transfer) 356
Tables and Figures xxiii
12.4 Territorial Restrictions and Exclusivity Clauses in
Licensing Agreements (% of Firms with Licensing
Agreement) 358
12.5 Regions to Which Territorial Restrictions Apply (% of
Firms with Licensing Agreement) 360
12.6 Probit Regression Coefficients for Licensing and Joint
Venture Models 362
12.7 Proportion of Innovating Firms That Formed a Joint
Venture or Strategic Alliance to Produce Their
Innovation, by Size Class 366
12.8 Proportion of Firms That Formed a Joint Venture or
Strategic Alliance to Produce Their Innovation, by
Industrial Sector and Novelty of Innovation 366
12.9 The Cross Classification of Joint Ventures and
Collaborative Research (% of Innovators) 367
12.10 Individual Industry Differences in the
Importance of Joint Ventures and Collaborative Research 369
12.11 Distribution of Innovation Sales to Types of
Purchasers, by Industrial Sector 372
12.12 Method of Transfer of Innovations to Other Firms, by
Industrial Sector (% of Innovators) 373
12.13 Production and Use of Innovations, by Industrial
Sector (Employment Weighted) 374
13.1 Emphasis Given to Innovation and Technology
Strategies (% of Firms Scoring 4 or 5) 384
13.2 Emphasis Given to Innovation and Production
Strategies (% of Firms Scoring 4 or 5) 386
13.3 Emphasis Given to Marketing Strategies (% of Firms
Scoring 4 or 5) 388
13.4 Emphasis Given to Innovation and Human Resource
Strategies (% of Firms Scoring 4 or 5) 391
13.5 Emphasis Given to Innovation and Management
Strategies (% of Firms Scoring 4 or 5) 393
14.1 Summary of Dependent and Explanatory Variables
Used in Multivariate Analysis 403
14.2 Regression Coefficients for the Determinants of
Innovation Activity 413
14.3 Estimated Probability of Introducing an Innovation
and Using Patents 414
xxiv Tables and Figures
14.4 Regression Coefficients for the Determinants of
Product and Process Innovations 419
14.5 Estimated Probability of Introducing a Product
Innovation and Using Patents, and Introducing a
Process Innovation and Using Trade Secrets 420
14.6 Regression Coefficients for Determinants of
World First, Canada First, and Other Types of
Innovations 423
14.7 Estimated Probability of Introducing a World First,
Canada First, or Other Innovation 424
FIGURES
8.1 Innovation Intensity, by Novelty Type 189
8.2 Innovation Intensity, by Individual Industry 190
8.3 Product Process Innovations, by Novelty Type 193
8.4 Features of Process Innovations, by Novelty Type 195
8.5 Features of Product Innovations, by Novelty Type 195
8.6 Improved Interaction with Customers, by Novelty Type 197
8.7 Market Share and Profitability Effects, by Novelty Type 198
8.8 Internal Ideas for Innovation, by Novelty Type 200
8.9 Internal Sources of Technology Ideas, by Novelty Type 204
8.10 External Sources of Technology, by Novelty Type 206
8.11 Usage of Intellectual Property Protection, by
Novelty Type 208
8.12 Impediments to Innovation, by Novelty Type 211
9.1 National Patent Applications per Capita, 1992 222
9.2 Patent Filings in U.S. Market per R D Scientists in
Home Country, 1992 223
9.3 Distribution of Scores for Users and Nonusers of Patents 232
9.4 Incidence of Use of Intellectual Property in Innovative
and Non innovative Firms 238
9.5 Perceived Effectiveness of Intellectual Property
Protection and Other Strategies in Innovative and
Non innovative Firms 239
10.1 Foreign Versus Domestic Firms with R D Performed
on a Regular Basis, by Size Class 275
10.2 Foreign Versus Domestic Firms with R D Performed
Occasionally, by Size Class 276
Tables and Figures xxv
10.3 Foreign Versus Domestic R D Performers with R D
Collaborative Agreements, by Size Class 284
10.4 Foreign Versus Domestic Firm Use of Different
Collaboration Partners 286
10.5 Internal R D Used for Sources of Ideas by Foreign
and Domestic Multinationals, by Industry Sector 290
10.6 Use of External Sources of Ideas, by Foreign and
Domestic Firms 292
10.7 Innovation Rate for Foreign and Domestic
Multinationals, by Industry Sector 301
10.8 Originality of Innovations for Domestic Versus
Foreign Multinationals 305
12.1 Transfers of Intellectual Property Rights, by Type of
Innovator 358
12.2 Joint Ventures and Collaboration, by Industrial Sector 368
|
| any_adam_object | 1 |
| author | Baldwin, John R. 1945- |
| author_GND | (DE-588)128927623 |
| author_facet | Baldwin, John R. 1945- |
| author_role | aut |
| author_sort | Baldwin, John R. 1945- |
| author_variant | j r b jr jrb |
| building | Verbundindex |
| bvnumber | BV014479029 |
| callnumber-first | H - Social Science |
| callnumber-label | HD45 |
| callnumber-raw | HD45 |
| callnumber-search | HD45 |
| callnumber-sort | HD 245 |
| callnumber-subject | HD - Industries, Land Use, Labor |
| ctrlnum | (OCoLC)49626571 (DE-599)BVBBV014479029 |
| dewey-full | 338/.064/0971 |
| dewey-hundreds | 300 - Social sciences |
| dewey-ones | 338 - Production |
| dewey-raw | 338/.064/0971 |
| dewey-search | 338/.064/0971 |
| dewey-sort | 3338 264 3971 |
| dewey-tens | 330 - Economics |
| discipline | Wirtschaftswissenschaften |
| edition | 1. publ. |
| format | Book |
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| geographic | Kanada Kanada (DE-588)4029456-0 gnd |
| geographic_facet | Kanada |
| id | DE-604.BV014479029 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T11:04:29Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 0521810868 |
| language | English |
| lccn | 2002067407 |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-009879050 |
| oclc_num | 49626571 |
| open_access_boolean | |
| owner | DE-12 DE-M382 |
| owner_facet | DE-12 DE-M382 |
| physical | xxv, 512 p. ill. : 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2003 |
| publishDateSearch | 2003 |
| publishDateSort | 2003 |
| publisher | Cambridge Univ. Press |
| record_format | marc |
| spellingShingle | Baldwin, John R. 1945- Innovation and knowledge creation in an open economy Canadian industry and international implications Concurrence internationale Entreprises multinationales - Innovations - Canada - Gestion Gestion des connaissances - Aspect économique - Canada Industrie manufacturière - Innovations - Canada Industriële bedrijven gtt Innovations - Canada - Gestion Kennismanagement gtt Recherche industrielle - Canada - Gestion Vernieuwing gtt Multinationales Unternehmen Competition, International International business enterprises Technological innovations Canada Management Knowledge management Economic aspects Canada Manufacturing industries Technological innovations Canada Research, Industrial Canada Management Technological innovations Canada Management Wissensmanagement (DE-588)4561842-2 gnd Technische Innovation (DE-588)4431027-4 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4561842-2 (DE-588)4431027-4 (DE-588)4029456-0 |
| title | Innovation and knowledge creation in an open economy Canadian industry and international implications |
| title_auth | Innovation and knowledge creation in an open economy Canadian industry and international implications |
| title_exact_search | Innovation and knowledge creation in an open economy Canadian industry and international implications |
| title_full | Innovation and knowledge creation in an open economy Canadian industry and international implications John R. Baldwin, Petr Hanel |
| title_fullStr | Innovation and knowledge creation in an open economy Canadian industry and international implications John R. Baldwin, Petr Hanel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Innovation and knowledge creation in an open economy Canadian industry and international implications John R. Baldwin, Petr Hanel |
| title_short | Innovation and knowledge creation in an open economy |
| title_sort | innovation and knowledge creation in an open economy canadian industry and international implications |
| title_sub | Canadian industry and international implications |
| topic | Concurrence internationale Entreprises multinationales - Innovations - Canada - Gestion Gestion des connaissances - Aspect économique - Canada Industrie manufacturière - Innovations - Canada Industriële bedrijven gtt Innovations - Canada - Gestion Kennismanagement gtt Recherche industrielle - Canada - Gestion Vernieuwing gtt Multinationales Unternehmen Competition, International International business enterprises Technological innovations Canada Management Knowledge management Economic aspects Canada Manufacturing industries Technological innovations Canada Research, Industrial Canada Management Technological innovations Canada Management Wissensmanagement (DE-588)4561842-2 gnd Technische Innovation (DE-588)4431027-4 gnd |
| topic_facet | Concurrence internationale Entreprises multinationales - Innovations - Canada - Gestion Gestion des connaissances - Aspect économique - Canada Industrie manufacturière - Innovations - Canada Industriële bedrijven Innovations - Canada - Gestion Kennismanagement Recherche industrielle - Canada - Gestion Vernieuwing Multinationales Unternehmen Competition, International International business enterprises Technological innovations Canada Management Knowledge management Economic aspects Canada Manufacturing industries Technological innovations Canada Research, Industrial Canada Management Technological innovations Canada Management Wissensmanagement Technische Innovation Kanada |
| url | http://www.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam033/2002067407.html http://www.loc.gov/catdir/description/cam022/2002067407.html http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/cam026/2002067407.html http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009879050&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
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