Repair costs of tractors and comparison of mechanization strategies under Tanzanian conditions:
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Weihenstephan
Landtechnik Weihenstephan
2000
|
| Series: | Max-Eyth-Gesellschaft für Agrartechnik / Arbeitskreis Forschung und Lehre: Forschungsbericht Agrartechnik des Arbeitskreises Forschung und Lehre der Max-Eyth-Gesellschaft (MEG)
360 |
| Subjects: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009204159&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Item Description: | Zugl.: München, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2000 |
| Physical Description: | XV, 164 S. graph. Darst. |
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| adam_text | Titel: Repair costs of tractors and comparison of mechanization strategies under Tanzanian conditions
Autor: Mpanduji, Sylvester Michael
Jahr: 2000
Table of contents
Table of contents
Acknowledgement
Table of contents....................................................................... V
List of Tables............................................................................. VIII
List of Figures............................................................................ X
List of Abbreviation and Symbols.............................................. XIII
1 Introduction............................................................................ 1
1.1 Problem statement.................................................................... 1
1.2 Hypotheses............................................................................... 6
1.3 Objectives of the study............................................................. 8
2 Agricultural mechanization in Tanzania.............................. 9
2.1 General information about Tanzania......................................... 9
2.2 Tractor mechanization in Tanzania........................................... 11
2.3 Mechanization with animal draft power..................................... 18
3 BASICS OF MACHINERY AND DRAFT ANIMAL COSTS......................... 22
3.1 Definition of machinery maintenance and repair....................... 22
3.2 Methods used for determination of repairs................................ 24
3.3 Annual cost of machinery.......................................................... 26
3.3.1 Average annual cost method..................................................... 26
3.3.1.1 Fixed costs................................................................................ 26
3.3.1.1.1 Depreciation.............................................................................. 26
3.3.1.1.2 Interest on investment............................................................... 30
3.3.1.1.3 Salvage value............................................................................ 31
3.3.1.2 Variable costs............................................................................ 34
3.3.1.2.1 Repair costs.............................................................................. 34
3.3.1.2.2 Fuel and oil costs...................................................................... 38
3.3.13 Other costs............................................................................... 39
3.3.2 Actual cash flows method......................................................... 40
3.4 Optimum machine replacement time........................................ 42
3.5 Draft animal technology............................................................. 47
3.6 Annual costs of draft animals.................................................... 49
3.6.1 Capital costs.............................................................................. 49
3.6.2 Interest on capital costs............................................................ 50
VI Table of contents
3.6.3 Feeding costs............................................................................ 50
3.6.4 Health costs.............................................................................. 52
3.6.5 Shelter costs............................................................................. 53
3.6.6 Labour costs............................................................................. 54
3.6.7 Insurance costs......................................................................... 54
3.6.8 Compensation costs.................................................................. 54
4 Material and methods............................................................. 55
4.1 Determination of tractor costs in Tanzania................................ 55
4.1.1 Study area................................................................................. 55
4.1.1.1 Large scale farms...................................................................... 57
4.1.1.2 Small-to-medium scale farmers................................................. 61
4.1.2 Data collection........................................................................... 62
4.1.2.1 Primary data............................................................................. 62
4.1.2.2 Secondary data......................................................................... 65
4.1.3 Data processing....................................................................... 68
4.1.3.1 Repair costs.............................................................................. 69
4.1.3.2 Calculation of tractor annual ownership costs........................... 74
4.1.4 Determination of tractor optimum replacement time................. 76
4.2 Determination of annual costs of draft animals......................... 77
4.2.1 Study area................................................................................. 77
4.2.2 Animal data collection............................................................... 79
4.2.3 Animal data processing............................................................. 79
5 Results and discussion........................................................... 82
5.1 Tractor operator skills................................................................ 82
5.2 Tractor utilisation....................................................................... 84
5.3 Tractor repair costs................................................................... 87
5.3.1 Average annual repair costs of tractors..................................... 87
5.3.2 Distribution of repair costs into assembly groups...................... 95
5.3.3 Repair cost functions............................................................... 98
5.3.4 Comparative repair cost curves................................................. 99
5.4 Annual costs of tractors............................................................. 103
5.5 Recommended tractor optimum replacement age.................... 110
5.6 Annual costs of draft animals.................................................... 117
5.7 Comparison of annual costs of tractors and draft animals....... 121
Table of contents
6 THE IMPLICATION OF THE FINDINGS................................................ 125
6.1 Tractor operation and management data.................................. 125
6.2 Applicability of repair costs prediction functions........................ 126
6.3 Importance of the annual cost findings..................................... 127
7 Summary and conclusions....................................................... 130
8 Reference................................................................................ 137
Appendix................................................................................... 145
vm List of tables
List of tables
Table 1: Growth of tractor population used for agricultural production in
different countries (1950 - 1997) (FAO production year book
1957-97.......................................................................................... 3
Table 2: Population of draft animals in Tanzania in 1984 (MALDC, 1984)... 20
Table 3: Resale parameters for first order (fr,) and second order (k2)
equations for 2WD and 4WD tractors (Witney and Saadoun,
1986)............................................................................................. 33
Table 4: Summary of the information of the large scale farms.................... 58
Table 5: General information of the small-to-medium scale farmers........... 61
Table 6: Bank interest rates (per year) in Tanzania ( BOT, 1998)............... 66
Table 7: The unit costs of diesel and lubricants in Tanzania (Morogoro
Agip filling station, 1997)................................................................ 67
Table 8: Tractor codes................................................................................. 76
Table 9: Mean annual utilisation levels of tractors in Tanzania.................... 85
Table 10: Coefficient of variations form the mean values of repair costs of
Massey Ferguson tractors.............................................................. 87
Table 11: Distribution of repair costs into assembly groups of Massey
Ferguson tractors........................................................................... 95
Table 12: Distribution of repair costs into assembly groups of Case
International tractors...................................................................... 95
Table 13: Distribution of repair costs into assembly groups of Ford
tractors........................................................................................... 96
Table 14: Distribution of repair costs into assembly groups of Same
tractors........................................................................................... 96
Table 15: Distribution of repair of repair costs into assembly groups of
4WD tractors.................................................................................. 97
Table 16: Distribution of repair costs into assembly groups of 2WD (SMSF)
tractors........................................................................................... 97
Table 17: Repair cost functions for different groups of tractors..................... 98
Table 18: Current initial price of tractors in Tanzania..................................... 103
List of tables
Table 19: The annual ownership costs of tractors in Germany
(KTBL, 1998/99).............................................................................. 105
Table 20: Optimum recommended replacement age for different tractor
groups............................................................................................ 111
Table 21: Result of draft animal costs (Tshs) in Shinyanga and Morogoro
regions........................................................................................... 118
Table 22: Annual costs of using a pair of draft animals (oxen) in Shinyanga
and Morogoro regions.................................................................... 120
X List of figures
List of figures
Figure 1: Map of Africa and Tanzania............................................................. 10
Figure 2: Import statistics of tractors in Tanzania for the year 1970 - 84........ 13
Figure 3: Local supply of tractors in Tanzania for the year 1983 - 89............. 14
Figure 4: Tractor makes in Tanzania up to December 1989........................... 15
Figure 5: Population of ploughs in Tanzania 1956 - 84................................... 18
Figure 6: The failure rate of components of the machine with time (bath-
tub)................................................................................................... 22
Figure 7: Systematic diagram for defining maintenance and repair............... 23
Figure 8: Definition of the rainflow cycle.......................................................... 24
Figure 9: Depreciation values using different depreciation methods............... 30
Figure 10: Comparison of salvage values using different methods (2WD
tractors)............................................................................................ 33
Figure 11: Comparison of salvage values using different methods (4WD
tractors)............................................................................................ 34
Figure 12: The representation of the optimum replacement period (minimum
point)................................................................................................ 46
Figure 13: Tractor population by regions in Tanzania (1989)............................ 55
Figure 14: Map of Tanzania for identification of the regions............................. 56
Figure 15: The average yearly inflation rates from 1986 -1999........................ 67
Figure 16: Flow chart for determination of repair cost functions........................ 73
Figure 17: Trained and non-trained tractor operators........................................ 83
Figure 18: Education information of tractor operators....................................... 84
Figure 19: Variation of average annual repair costs per tractor with ages of
Massey Ferguson tractors................................................................ 88
Figure 20: Variation of average annual repair costs per tractor with ages of
Case International tractors............................................................... 90
Figure 21: Variation of average annual repair costs per tractor with ages of
Ford tractors..................................................................................... 91
List of figures
Figure 22: Variation of average annual repair costs per tractor with ages of
Same tractors................................................................................... 92
Figure 23: Variation of average annual repair costs per tractor with ages of
4WD tractors.................................................................................... 93
Figure 24: Variation of average annual repair costs per tractor with ages of
2WD (SMSF) tractors....................................................................... 94
Figure 25: Comparison of repair costs of 2WD tractors (this study).................. 100
Figure 26: Comparison of repair costs of 2WD tractors with other sources...... 101
Figure 27: Comparison of repair costs of 4WD tractors with other sources...... 102
Figure 28: Annual ownership costs of Massey Ferguson tractors at different
periods............................................................................................. 106
Figure 29: Annual ownership costs of Case International tractors at different
periods............................................................................................. 106
Figure 30: Annual ownership costs of Ford tractors at different periods........... 107
Figure 31: Annual ownership costs of Same tractors at different periods......... 107
Figure 32: Annual ownership costs of 4WD tractors at different periods.......... 108
Figure 33: Annual ownership costs of 2WD (SMSF) at different periods.......... 108
Figure 34: The effect of bank interest and inflation rates on optimum
replacement age.............................................................................. 113
Figure 35: The effect of inflation rates on the optimal tractor replacement
ages for different levels of annual usage (loan interest rate 18%,
investment interest rate 10%)........................................................... 114
Figure 36: The effect of inflation rates on the optimal tractor replacement
ages for different levels of annual usage (loan interest rate 12%,
investment interest rate 10%)........................................................... 115
Figure 37: The effect of loan interest rates on optimum replacement ages for
different levels of annual usage (inflation rate 7%, investment
interest rate 10%)............................................................................. 116
Figure 38: The effect of loan interest rates on optimum tractor replacement
ages for different levels of annual usage (inflation rate 9%,
investment interest rate 10%)........................................................... 116
List of figures
Figure 39: Comparison of annual costs per unit output power of tractors and
draft animals..................................................................................... 121
Figure 40: Comparison of annual costs per hectare of different tractors and
draft animals..................................................................................... 123
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| indexdate | 2024-12-20T10:48:09Z |
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| series2 | Max-Eyth-Gesellschaft für Agrartechnik / Arbeitskreis Forschung und Lehre: Forschungsbericht Agrartechnik des Arbeitskreises Forschung und Lehre der Max-Eyth-Gesellschaft (MEG) |
| spellingShingle | Mpanduji, Sylvester Michael 1961- Repair costs of tractors and comparison of mechanization strategies under Tanzanian conditions Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd Reparaturkosten (DE-588)4198290-3 gnd Mechanisierung (DE-588)4038177-8 gnd Schlepper (DE-588)4052673-2 gnd |
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| title | Repair costs of tractors and comparison of mechanization strategies under Tanzanian conditions |
| title_auth | Repair costs of tractors and comparison of mechanization strategies under Tanzanian conditions |
| title_exact_search | Repair costs of tractors and comparison of mechanization strategies under Tanzanian conditions |
| title_full | Repair costs of tractors and comparison of mechanization strategies under Tanzanian conditions Sylvester Michael Mpanduji |
| title_fullStr | Repair costs of tractors and comparison of mechanization strategies under Tanzanian conditions Sylvester Michael Mpanduji |
| title_full_unstemmed | Repair costs of tractors and comparison of mechanization strategies under Tanzanian conditions Sylvester Michael Mpanduji |
| title_short | Repair costs of tractors and comparison of mechanization strategies under Tanzanian conditions |
| title_sort | repair costs of tractors and comparison of mechanization strategies under tanzanian conditions |
| topic | Landwirtschaft (DE-588)4034402-2 gnd Reparaturkosten (DE-588)4198290-3 gnd Mechanisierung (DE-588)4038177-8 gnd Schlepper (DE-588)4052673-2 gnd |
| topic_facet | Landwirtschaft Reparaturkosten Mechanisierung Schlepper Tansania Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009204159&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV000001198 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mpandujisylvestermichael repaircostsoftractorsandcomparisonofmechanizationstrategiesundertanzanianconditions |
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