Crisis of the Ottoman empire: prelude to collapse ; 1839 - 1878
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Stuttgart
Steiner
2000
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte des östlichen Europa
57 |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=009007121&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | 517 S. Ill., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 3515076875 |
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Datensatz im Suchindex
| _version_ | 1819312613095374848 |
|---|---|
| adam_text | JAMES J REID
CRISIS OF THE
OTTOMAN EMPIRE
PRELUDE TO COLLAPSE
1839-1878
FRANZ STEINER VERLAG STUTTGART
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Illustrations 11
Chapter 1: Introduction 21
I Introduction 21
II Forms of Internal Conflict 21
m Content of the Book 25
IV State of the Field 26
A Crimean War 26
B Russo-Turkish War, 1877-1878 39
V Social and Psychological Aspects of Ottoman Collapse and the Era of
Wars : 47
A Methodology 47
B Social and Psychological Perspectives 51
VI Why War? 56
Chapter 2: Regular Army and Control of Empire 58
I Introduction 58
n Army and Control of Empire 59
A The Niz amp;m [Regular Army] Myth and Reality 59
1 The Myth of Army Control over Ottoman Subjects 59
2 The Reality of Ottoman Efforts to Control Subjects 60
B Military D Strategy, Tactics, and Communications 61
C Provincial Military Garrisons : 65
1 The Balkans 65
2 Anatolia 70
3 The Arabic Provinces 75
HI Dynamics of Military Operations 75
A Tanzimat Military Reforms on European Models 76
1 Chain of Command 76
2 Army Organization and Regimental Systems 77
3 Creating an Army Capable of the Offensive Operation 83
IV Corruption: The Chief Obstacle to Military Operations 86
A Corruption: Issues and Examples 86
B Structured Analysis of Corruption by Type 91
1 Corruption Originating in Institutional Problems 91
2 Dishonesty of Officers and Officials 96
Chapter 3: Irregular Soldiers and Civil Disorder 105
I Introduction Definitions * 105
n Origins 105
m Mercenaries and Militarized Societies in the Nineteenth-Century
Ottoman Empire and Greece 114
A Introduction: Structure, Genesis, and Function 114
1 Reasons for the Existence of Irregular Troops in the 19th Century 115
8 Contents
2 Nineteenth-Century Ottoman Definitions of Irregulars 115
3 Greek Definitions 121
B Composite Bands, or Bands of Mixed Origin 123
1 The Composite Band: Dynamics of Unit Morale and Operation 123
2 The Composite Band and the Marginal Man 127
3 A Composite Force in the Crimean War: General Yusuf s Irregular
Cavalry 127
C Bands of Common Cultural or Tribal Origin 131
1 Albanians [Arnavuts] 133
2 Circassians or Cherkes 137
3 Kurds ! 154
III The Band as an Enterprise 161
IV Functions of Irregular Cavalry 163
A General 163
B Scouting, Picket, and Guard Duty in No Man s Land 164
C Courier and Escort Service , 164
D Skirmshing Activities 165
E Cavalry Screen for Marching Army, or, an Advance Guard 166
F The Raid 167
G Provincial Garrison Troops 171
V Military Customs and Unit Order of Irregular Bands and Soldiers 172
A Military Customs 172
1 Administrative Customs 172
2 Habits on Campaign 172
VI Conclusion 174
Chapter 4: Rebellions and Revolutions in the Ottoman Empire, 1835-1878 175
I Ottoman Society and Social Attitudes 175
A Introduction Ottoman Race Theory 175
1 Perso-Islamic and Ottoman Perceptions of Social Order:
Race Theory 175
2 Ottoman Philosophy of Tyranny and Conservative Political
Philosophy 176
B Traditional and Historical Ideas of Race in the 19th Century 182
C Xenophobia and Paranoia 185
D Assimilationism and Anxiety 187
E Orientations 189
II Rebellion and Revolution in the Ottoman Empire 189
A Introduction
: 189
B Semi-autonomous Military and Local Authorities not in Revolt
but Resistant to State Authority and control 190
1 Uncontrollable Loyal Chieftains 190
2 The Government s Ability to Control Irregulars 193
3 Vendetta, Blood Feud, Vigilantism and Terrorism 198
III Insurrections 204
A General 204
B Case Studies 205
1 Armenian Conflicts- 1848 205
2 Afshar Revolt 1852 209
3 Cretan Insurrection 1866-1869 212
Contents
4 Kurdish Revolts Millingen- 1860s 225
5 Montenegro - 1876-1877 229
IV Conclusion 232
A Movements and Rebellions 232
B Suppression of Revolts 234
Chapter 5: Ottoman Crimean War, 1853-1856 236
I Introduction 236
H The Danube Campaign 1853-1854 242
III Greek Insurrection, Siege of Silistra, and the Dobruja Expedition 1854 248
A Greek Insurrection 248
B The Siege of Silistra May to June, 1854 254
C The Dobruja Expedition July, 1854 262
1 Battle at Giurgevo July 7, 1854 262
2 Dobruja Expedition 262
D The Crimea and Beatson s Bdshi-Bozuks 1854-1856 268
1 The Crimea 268
2 Beatson s Bdshi-Bozuks 269
IV Anatolia 1854-1855 278
A Ottoman Failures and European Soldiers-of-Fortune 1853-1854 278
B The British Military Commission and the Siege of Kars 1854-1855 281
V The Transcaucasian Campaign 1855 294
VI Rebellions and Early Terrorism 297
A Revolt in Armenia 1854-1855 297
B Revolt of Yazdan Shir Bukhtl, 1855 298
C 1859 - Kuleli Vak asi [Incident] [Ottoman Empire] 303
VII Conclusion 306
Chapter 6: Balkan Revolutions and Russo-Turkish War, 1875-1878 307
I Ottoman Military Reform and the Ottoman Army: to 1877 307
A Balkan Revolts: 1875-1876 308
B Cherkes Hasan Incident 1876 311
H Course of the War: 1877-1878 315
A The Danube Campaign 317
B The Anatolian and Caucasian Campaigns 342
C Refugees Social and Psychological Issues 352
1 Ottoman Refugees: the Bulgarian Theater 352
2 Derangement 355
3 Alienation 355
4 The Refugee Problem 356
TH Court-Martial of Siileyman Hiisnii Pasha: War Strategy and Tactics
on Trial 357
IV cAli Sfiavi Vakcasi 367
A Background 367
B ChiraghSn Palace Incident - 17 Cemaziyel-evvel, 1295/20 May, 1878 368
C Psychological Ramifications Paranoia 372
V cAbdulhamid H 376
A Hamidian Autocracy 376
B Denial 379
VI Conclusion 385
10 Contents
Chapter 7: Psychological Factors: Soldiers in an Era of Warfare 386
I Destructiveness of War 386
A The Psychology of Violence in War and Peace 386
1 Psychological Conditions 386
2 Aggression 386
B General Studies War Stress and Associated Syndromes 402
1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 402
2 Life-Death Continuum 404
C The Crimean War 406
1 War and Death in 19th-century Armies 406
2 War Stress and Crimean War Soldiers 407
D American Civil War, 1861-1865 415
1 Life-Death Continuum 415
2 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and the Life-Death Continuum 417
3 Sadism and PTSD 420
E Franco-Prussian War 1870-1871 424
II Psychological Factors in the Ottoman War Experience: 1839-1878 427
A Ottoman Common Soldiers: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 427
1 General Comments 427
2 Soldier s Attitudes 429
3 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 431
B Aggression and Sadistic Attitudes indicated by Atrocities 438
1 An Institutional Practice Encouraging Sadistic Behaviour in
Soldiers: Impalement as a Punishment for Rebels 440
2 Rape, A Non-Institutional Aftereffect of Conquest 442
3 Looting and Atrocities 445
4 Aggression and Sadism as a Consequence of War Experience 447
III Conclusion 456
Conclusion 458
Appendix I: Society, Social Change, and Rebellion 460
Appendix II: Psychological Profiles of Generals in the Ottoman Army 466
Bibliography and Abbreviations 492
Index 502
|
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| id | DE-604.BV013218486 |
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| indexdate | 2024-12-20T10:43:23Z |
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| language | English |
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| series | Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte des östlichen Europa |
| series2 | Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte des östlichen Europa |
| spellingShingle | Reid, James J. Crisis of the Ottoman empire prelude to collapse ; 1839 - 1878 Quellen und Studien zur Geschichte des östlichen Europa Geschichte |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4075720-1 |
| title | Crisis of the Ottoman empire prelude to collapse ; 1839 - 1878 |
| title_auth | Crisis of the Ottoman empire prelude to collapse ; 1839 - 1878 |
| title_exact_search | Crisis of the Ottoman empire prelude to collapse ; 1839 - 1878 |
| title_full | Crisis of the Ottoman empire prelude to collapse ; 1839 - 1878 James J. Reid |
| title_fullStr | Crisis of the Ottoman empire prelude to collapse ; 1839 - 1878 James J. Reid |
| title_full_unstemmed | Crisis of the Ottoman empire prelude to collapse ; 1839 - 1878 James J. Reid |
| title_short | Crisis of the Ottoman empire |
| title_sort | crisis of the ottoman empire prelude to collapse 1839 1878 |
| title_sub | prelude to collapse ; 1839 - 1878 |
| topic | Geschichte |
| topic_facet | Geschichte Türkei Turkey -- History -- 1829-1878 Osmanisches Reich |
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