Comparison of microbiological and chemical methods for assessing the exposure to air borne fungi in composting plants:
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| Main Author: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Aachen
Shaker
2000
|
| Edition: | Als Ms. gedr. |
| Series: | Akademische Edition Umweltforschung
10 |
| Subjects: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008872527&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Item Description: | Zugl.: Aachen, Techn. Hochsch., Diss., 1999 |
| Physical Description: | IV, 245 S. graph. Darst. : 24 cm |
| ISBN: | 3826569261 |
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| 245 | 1 | 0 | |a Comparison of microbiological and chemical methods for assessing the exposure to air borne fungi in composting plants |c Guido Fischer |
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| adam_text | Titel: Comparison of microbiological and chemical methods for assessing the exposure to air-borne fungi in
Autor: Fischer, Guido
Jahr: 2000
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Historical aspects of airborne fungi
1.2 The natural fungal airspora
1.3 The process of composting and its significance for waste dtsposal
1.4 Health implications of fungi in indoor air
1.4.1 Mycoses
1.4.2 Mycotoxicosis
1.4.3 Allergy
1.5 Health implications of volatile organic compounds (VOC)
1.5.1 Production of microbial volatile organic compounds by fungi
1.5.1.1 Relcvance of MVOC for indoor hygiene
1.5.1.2 The taxonomic approach - a new tool in chemotaxonomy
IS. 1.3 Off flavour and aroma production
1.5.1.4 Synthesis and metabolism of volatile compounds in fungi
.5.2 Emission of odour substances during composting
.5.3 Consequences for the present study
1.6 Health implications of mycotoxins in air
.6.1 Relevance of mycotoxins in indoor and outdoor environments
.6.2 Toxins in airborne fungal spores
.6.3 Factors affecting the potentiai uptake of mycotoxins
.6.4 Consequences for the present study
1.7 Background of the present investigations
.7.1 Fungal species composition in the air
.7.2 Production of MVOC
.7.3 Production of mycotoxins
1.8 Objectives and aims of the study
1.9 Outline of the thesis
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MATERIAL AND METHODS
2.1 Material
2.1.1 Fungal isolates
2.1.2 Media and substrata
2.1.3 Material for analysis of volatile organic compounds
2.1.4 Material for extraction of non-volatile metabolites and mycotoxins
2.2 Methods
2.2.1 Types of process engineering for composting
2.2.2 The sampling sites inside the compost facilities and the reference sites
2.2.3 Microbiological methods for assessment and cultivation of fungi
2.2.3.1 Sampling of airborne fungi in the compost facilities
2.2.3.2 Incubation and distinction on Isolation media
2.2 JJ Identification and scoring on Isolation media
2.2J.4 Cuttivation of fungi and transfer to the collection
2.2.4 Chemical methods for assessment of volatile and non-volatile metabolites
2.2.4.1 Analysis of VOC and MVOC in situ and in laboratory experiments
2.2.4J Sampling of volatile organic compounds in situ (VOC / MVOC)
Z2.4J Sampling of MVOC in pure cuttures
12AA Analysis of non-volatile metabolites and mycotoxins in pure culture and
native bioaerosots
2.2.4.5 Sampling of total dust and bioaerosoU in the compost facilities
2.2.5 Statistkal anaiysis
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G. FISCHER: MlCROBIAL AND CHEMICAL EXPOSURE ASSESSMENT OF AIR-BORNE FUNGI
AIRBORNE MYCOFLORA IN BIOWASTE-HANDLING FACILITIES 43
3.1 Total spore numbers in facility A depending on different seasons and
sampling sites 43
3.2 Comparison of sampling sites (loading area, compost pile hall, storage area)
in facility A 43
3.2.1 Effects of sampling sites (irrespective of seasonal variation) 45
3.2.2 Effects of seasons on spore counts and species pattern 46
3.3 Effects of seasons at each sampling site in facility A 47
3.3.1 Loading area 47
3.3.2 Compost pile hall 47
3.3.3 Storage area 49
3.4 The distribution of the commonest species on all sampling sites in facility A 54
3.5 Species composition of facilities B and C compared to A 60
3.5.1 Loading area 60
3.5.2 Compost pile hall 60
3.5.3 Storage area 62
3.6 Discussion 63
3.6.1 Total number of spores in relation to seasons and sampling sites 63
3.6.2 Comparison of sampling sites 64
3.6.3 Seasonal effects 65
3.6.4 Distribution of the commonest species 67
3.6.5 Comparison of the three compost facilities 67
PRODUCTION OF MlCROBIAL VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
(MVOC) 71
4.1 MVOC Production on synthetic substrates (YES-medium) 71
4.1.1 i IVOC production of frequent species occurring with high spore numbers 71
4.1.1.1 General indicators for fungal growth 71
4.1.1.2 Characteristic spectra and species-specific compounds 71
4.1.2 MVOC production of species occurring with lower spore numbers 79
4.1.2.1 General indicators for fungal growth 80
4.1.22 Species-specific compounds and characteristic spectra 80
4.1.2J Comparison of abundant and less abundant species 91
4.2 Discussion regarding synthetic substrates 93
4.2.1 General indicators 93
4.2.2 Species-specific compounds and intraspecifk variation 94
4.2.3 Characteristic spectra of compounds 95
4.2.4 Exposure assessment and health implications 95
4.2.5 Further research 96
4.3 MVOC production on natural and semi-natural substrates 96
4J.I The natural substrate compost 97
4.3.2 Semi-natural substrates with varying supplements 98
4.3.2.1 Compost extract agar with compost derived from the compost pile halt
CEA P) 98
4J.2.2 Compost extract agar with compost derived from the storage area
(CEA S) 102
4J.3 CMC and YES as synthetic substrates 104
4.4 Discussion regarding semi-natural and natural substrates 109
4.4.1 General indicators for fungal growth 109
4.4.2 Species-specific indicators 109
PRODUCTION OF NON-VOLATILE ORGANIC METABOLITES AND
MYCOTOXINS Hi
5.1 Production of specific mycotoxins by airborne fungi 111
5.1.1 Production of metabolites in pure cultures on synthetic substrates 111
5.1.2 Some chemotaxonomically interesting findings 117
5.2 Secondary metabolites and mycotoxins in conidia and influence of substrate 120
5.2.1 Comparison of culture and conidial extracts (on YES-medium) 120
5.2.2 Metabolites in culture extracts on CEA media 125
5.2.3 Comparison of culture- and conidial extracts on CEA media 129
5.3 Discussion 132
5.3.1 Species-specific potential to produce mycotoxins and chemotaxonomy 132
5.3.2 Comparison of culture and conidial extracts on YES medium 133
5.3.3 Comparison of synthetic (YES) and semi-natural media (CEA) 133
5.3.4 Comparison of culture and conidial extracts on semi-natural medium (CEA) 134
5.3.5 Possible toxigenic potential of airborne spores 135
OCCURRENCE OF VOC AND MVOC IN SITU 137
6.1 Volatiles as possible species-specific indicators 138
6.2 Volatiles already known to be microbially derived 142
6.3 Statistical correlation between fungi and volatiles 142
6.4 Discussion 143
6.4.1 Possible species-specific indicators 143
6.4.2 Volatiles known to be microbially derived 145
6.4.3 Statistical correlation between fungi and volatiles 147
OCCURRENCE OF MYCOTOXINS IN AIRBORNE DUST AND
BIOAEROSOLS 149
7.1 Culture and spore extracts 149
7.2 Extracts of total dust and bioaerosols 150
7.3 Amount of total dust and cfu data 152
7.4 Scanning Electron-Microscopic investigations of airborne dust from
different sampling sites l54
7.5 Discussion 157
7.5.1 Amount of total dust 157
7.5.2 Metabolites in spores of airborne fungi 157
7.5.3 Occurrence of toxic metabolites in the bioaerosols 157
7.5.4 Toxicological relevance of mycotoxins in bioaerosols 158
GENERAL DISCUSSION 159
8.1 Fungal airspora 159
8.1.1 Airspora of biowaste handling facilities compared to other working
environments 159
8.1.1.1 Compartsonof composting and waste-sorting facilities }60
8.1.1.2 Compost facilities compared with other agricultural environments 161
8.1.2 Influence of season, weather and substrate on the fungal spectrum 163
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O. FISCHER: MICROBIAL AND CHEMICALEXPOSURE ASSESSMENT OF AK-BORNE FUNQI
8.1.2.1 Seasonal changes of fungal Community 163
8.1.2.2 Influence of biowaste composition 164
8.1.2.3 Changes in nutrients during composting 164
8.2 Fungal metabolites in natural environments 165
8.2.1 Relation between species-specific metabolism and (M)VOC in situ 165
8.2.1.1 Non-specific MVOC 166
8.2.1.2 Fungal competition and MVOC production 166
8.2.1.3 Antimicrobial volatiles as a factor possibly influencing fungal competition 167
8.2.1.4 Sources of microbial volatile organic compounds other than fungi 167
8.2.2 Relation between production of mycotoxins in culture and their occurrence
in bioaerosols 1
8.2.2.1 Occurrence and activity of mycotoxins in the air 169
8.2.2.2 Comparison to other natural environments 169
8.2.2.3 Environmente factors influencing fungal physiology 170
8.2.2.4 Strain degeneration and its influence on metabolism 171
8.3 Estimation of health hazards entailed with microbial and chemical exposure 172
8.3.1 Relevance of airborne spores 172
8J.1.1 Nosocomial infections 173
8.3.1.2 Indoor air 173
8.3.1.3 Occupational environments 174
83.1.4 Emission of spores into the environment 176
8.3.2 Relevance of(M)VOC 177
8.3.3 Relevance of mycotoxins in bioaerosols 179
8.3.3.1 Exposure by airbome dusts 179
8.3.3.2 Biological effects on organisns 180
8J3.3 Applicability of threshold limit values established for mycotoxins in food
products 183
8.3.4 General conclusions and further research 183
SUMMARY - ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 185
10 REFERENCES 197
11 APPENDIX 211
11.1 Identification and scoring of airborne fungi 211
11.2 Total numbers of spores comparing sampling Sites, seasons, and compost
facilities 211
11.3 Phy sico-chemical analy sis of finished compost from plant A 228
11.4 Analy sis of mycotoxins and non-volatile metabolites 231
11.5 Occurrence of VOC in situ 233
12 ABBREVIATIONS 241
IV
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| id | DE-604.BV013022321 |
| illustrated | Illustrated |
| indexdate | 2024-12-20T10:40:10Z |
| institution | BVB |
| isbn | 3826569261 |
| language | English |
| oai_aleph_id | oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-008872527 |
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| physical | IV, 245 S. graph. Darst. : 24 cm |
| publishDate | 2000 |
| publishDateSearch | 2000 |
| publishDateSort | 2000 |
| publisher | Shaker |
| record_format | marc |
| series | Akademische Edition Umweltforschung |
| series2 | Akademische Edition Umweltforschung |
| spellingShingle | Fischer, Guido Comparison of microbiological and chemical methods for assessing the exposure to air borne fungi in composting plants Akademische Edition Umweltforschung Kompostanlage (DE-588)4476749-3 gnd Fadenpilze (DE-588)4170451-4 gnd Gesundheitsgefährdung (DE-588)4071808-6 gnd Luftverschmutzung (DE-588)4074381-0 gnd |
| subject_GND | (DE-588)4476749-3 (DE-588)4170451-4 (DE-588)4071808-6 (DE-588)4074381-0 (DE-588)4113937-9 |
| title | Comparison of microbiological and chemical methods for assessing the exposure to air borne fungi in composting plants |
| title_auth | Comparison of microbiological and chemical methods for assessing the exposure to air borne fungi in composting plants |
| title_exact_search | Comparison of microbiological and chemical methods for assessing the exposure to air borne fungi in composting plants |
| title_full | Comparison of microbiological and chemical methods for assessing the exposure to air borne fungi in composting plants Guido Fischer |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of microbiological and chemical methods for assessing the exposure to air borne fungi in composting plants Guido Fischer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of microbiological and chemical methods for assessing the exposure to air borne fungi in composting plants Guido Fischer |
| title_short | Comparison of microbiological and chemical methods for assessing the exposure to air borne fungi in composting plants |
| title_sort | comparison of microbiological and chemical methods for assessing the exposure to air borne fungi in composting plants |
| topic | Kompostanlage (DE-588)4476749-3 gnd Fadenpilze (DE-588)4170451-4 gnd Gesundheitsgefährdung (DE-588)4071808-6 gnd Luftverschmutzung (DE-588)4074381-0 gnd |
| topic_facet | Kompostanlage Fadenpilze Gesundheitsgefährdung Luftverschmutzung Hochschulschrift |
| url | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008872527&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| volume_link | (DE-604)BV012582927 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fischerguido comparisonofmicrobiologicalandchemicalmethodsforassessingtheexposuretoairbornefungiincompostingplants |
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