Livelihood strategies and land degradation: perceptions among small-scale farmers in Ng'iresi Village, Tanzania
Gespeichert in:
| Beteilige Person: | |
|---|---|
| Format: | Hochschulschrift/Dissertation Buch |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
Göteborg
School of Economics and Commercial Law
1999
|
| Schriftenreihe: | Geografiska Institutionen <Göteborg, Handelshögskolan>: [Meddelanden från Göteborgs Universitets Geografiska Institutioner / B]
96 |
| Schlagwörter: | |
| Links: | http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&local_base=BVB01&doc_number=008789743&sequence=000002&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA |
| Umfang: | X, 269 S. Ill., graph. Darst., Kt. |
| ISBN: | 9186472321 |
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| adam_text | Livelihood Strategies and Land Degradation
Perceptions among Small-Scale Farmers in Ng iresi Village,
Tanzania
Per Assmo
Goteborg 1999
Kulturgeografiska institutionen Department of Human amp; Economic Geography
Handelshogskolan vid School of Economics and Commercial Law
Goteborgs Universitet University of Goteborg
Vasagatan 1 Vasagatan 1
405 30 Goteborg 5-405 30 Goteborg, Sweden
Contents
PART I AIM OF THE STUDY i
Chapter 1 Introduction 3
Entering the Field - Mount Mem in Northern Tanzania 3
Land Degradation on Mount Meru 7
Perceiving the Problem 7
The Issue of Land Degradation 10
Small-Scale Farmers Livelihood Strategies 11
Aim of the Study 12
A Local Focus 13
Outline of the Study 13
Delimitations and Data Sources 14
PART II CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND
RESEARCH METHODS 17
Chapter 2 Farm Production and Land Degradation
in Sub-Saharan Africa 19
Land - The Basis for Livelihood in Sub-Saharan Africa 19
The Status of Farm Production in Sub-Saharan Africa 20
Leading Perspectives of Small-Scale Farming in Africa 21
The Emergence of Sustainable Development 21
The Nexus of a Poverty-Environment Crisis in Africa 23
Agricultural Development - Research and Extension 25
Leading Agricultural Research Approaches for Developing Countries 26
Transferring the Message - The Role of Extension 27
Rural Agricultural Development in the 1990 s 28
Ecological and Socio-Economic Considerations of Sustainable Development 30
Official Strategies for Rural Peoples Use of Land in Africa 31
Limitations of Technical Top-Down Oriented Development Approaches 32
Chapter 3 The Conceptual Framework for the Study 35
A Critique of Reductionist Models of Development 35
An Impasse in Development Theory 36
The Farmer-First Perspective 37
New Directions in Development Theory and Practice 38
Beyond Farmer-First 39
Conceptual Considerations about Rural Development 40
An Actor-Oriented Perspective 41
Competing Knowledge Systems 43
i l l
The Perspective Applied in the Present Study 45
A Farmer-Oriented Perspective 46
Chapter 4 Research Methods in Practice 47
Qualitative and Quantitative Research Approaches 47
Qualitative Research Methods 48
Interview Methods 48
Observation 49
The Qualitative-Oriented Research Model in Practice 50
Methodological Considerations about Qualitative Research Approaches 51
Geographical Scales Surrounding the Local Analysis 54
PART III GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING 55
Chapter 5 Land Use Policies in Tanzania 57
Tanzania - An Agrarian Society 57
Land Resources in Tanzania 58
People and Farm Production in Tanzania 58
Strategies for Farm Production and Land Protection
in Colonial Tanzania 62
Traditional Land Management in Pre-Colonial Tanganyika 62
Land Use Policies during Colonial Administration 63
Policies of Farm Production in Tanzania after Independence 65
Socialism in Tanzania 66
Recent Policies of Rural Agricultural Development in Tanzania 69
The External Impact of Rural Agricultural Development in Tanzania 69
Concluding Notes 70
Chapter 6 Arumeru District -The Study Area 75
Arumeru - A Densely Populated, Fertile District in Tanzania 75
Physical Characteristics of the Arumeru District 77
Soils and Climate 78
Patterns of Land Use in the Arumeru District 80
Agro-Ecological Zones in the Arumeru District 80
People and Land on Mount Meru 84
Settlements on the Slopes of Mount Meru 85
Population Growth and Availability of Farm Land 88
Political Conflicts of Land 89
Official Perspectives on Degradation and Conservation
of land on Mount Meru 91
Soil Conservation on Mount Meru 91
Official Strategies of Land Management on Mount Meru 94
SCAPA s Strategies amp; Techniques for Land Management 95
Assistance of Land Management in the Arumeru District 97
Concluding Notes 97
IV
PART IV THE LOCAL SCENE 101
Chapter 7 Ng iresi - The Local Example 103
An Introduction to the Ng iresi Village 103
Physical Characteristics of Ng iresi 104
The People in Ng iresi Village 105
The Official View of Land Use in Ng iresi 108
SCAPA - An External Actor in the Local Community 108
The Impact of External Assistance in Ng iresi 111
Concluding Notes 112
Chapter 8 The Field Survey 113
A Local Focus 113
The Research Methods Used in the Field Survey 113
Selecting Respondents 114
Components of Data Collection and Interview Methods 115
The Areas of Interest 118
The Respondents 120
Grouping of Households in the Field Survey 121
Presentation of the Field Survey 125
Chapter 9 Physical Aspects of Farming in Ng iresi 127
Introduction 127
Location of the Homesteads and Farm Land 127
The Homesteads 131
The Farm Land 131
Farmers Views on the Location and Quality of Farm Land 133
Rainfall and Farm Production Capacity 134
Farmers Perceptions of Land Degradation 135
Dalili za Mmomonyoko wa Udongo - Signs of Soil Erosion 136
Ardhi Imechoka - The Soil is Tired 138
Concluding Notes 143
Chapter 10 The Diversity of Farm Production
in Ng iresi 145
Introduction 145
Changes of Land Use 145
Current Systems of Land Use for Farm Production 148
The Coffee-Banana Home Gardens 149
Seasonal Cropping on Sloping Lands 150
Terraced Farms on Sloping Lands 152
The Tunguya Forest Farming 154
Differences of Farm Production in Ng iresi 155
Old and New Forms of Land Management in Ng iresi 157
The Home Gardens - An Agroforestry Farming System 157
The Construction of Water Channels 159
Terracing of Sloping Farm Land 161
Concluding Notes 167
Chapter 11 Farmers Needs and Priorities
of Farm Production in Ng iresi 169
Introduction 169
The Households Priorities of Farming 169
Coffee or Milk - The Attractiveness of Dairy Cattle 172
Economic Advantages of Livestock 174
The Cultivation of Coffee 177
Price and Policies of Coffee 178
Annual Crops for Consumption and Marketing 180
Cultivation of Maize 181
Other Seasonal Crops 184
The Interplanting of Trees on Farm Land 186
Trees for Firewood and Timber 187
Concluding Notes 189
Chapter 12 Social Aspects of Land Use in Ng iresi 191
Introduction 191
Labour Intensive Farming in Ng iresi 191
Distribution of Labour within Households 193
Differences in Labour between Women and Men 194
Changing Traditional Customs 195
Generational Differences 195
Activities Outside the Farm Household 197
Children s Education 197
Men Working Outside the Village 199
Concluding Notes 204
Chapter 13 Occupancy and Rights of Land in Ng iresi 207
Introduction 207
Customary Land Rights in Ng iresi 207
Traditional and Modern Leadership 208
The Distribution and Fragmentation of Land 210
The Question of Out-Migration 212
Division of Farm Land along the Slopes 214
The Insecurity of Land Use in Ng iresi 214
Temporary Farm Land 215
The Question of Insecurity 217
Concluding Notes 219
PART V CONCLUDING DISCUSSION 223
Chapter 14 Livel ihood Strategies and Land Degradation 225
Introduction 225
A Recapitulation of Ng iresi and the Mount Meru Area 225
Ng iresi - A Fertile, Densely Populated Village 227
VI
A Reflective Summary of the Field Survey in Ng iresi 228
The Main Farming Systems in Ng iresi 229
Farmers Livelihood Strategies in Ng iresi 232
The Farmers Perceptions and Behaviour as regards Land Use in Ng iresi 233
Conclusion from the Field Survey in Ng iresi 237
Land Degradation as a Social Problem 238
Rural Development - Implications for Theory and Action 241
External Perspectives versus Local Perceptions 241
Understanding the Complexity of Local Livelihoods 242
The Actor-Oriented Approach - A Way Forward 243
Summary 245
References 251
Appendixes 261
vn
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| spellingShingle | Assmo, Per Livelihood strategies and land degradation perceptions among small-scale farmers in Ng'iresi Village, Tanzania Jordförstöring - Tanzania sao Småbruk - Tanzania sao Bodennutzung (DE-588)4007389-0 gnd Landwirtschaftlicher Betrieb (DE-588)4073995-8 gnd Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd Landbevölkerung (DE-588)4034229-3 gnd |
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| title | Livelihood strategies and land degradation perceptions among small-scale farmers in Ng'iresi Village, Tanzania |
| title_auth | Livelihood strategies and land degradation perceptions among small-scale farmers in Ng'iresi Village, Tanzania |
| title_exact_search | Livelihood strategies and land degradation perceptions among small-scale farmers in Ng'iresi Village, Tanzania |
| title_full | Livelihood strategies and land degradation perceptions among small-scale farmers in Ng'iresi Village, Tanzania Per Assmo |
| title_fullStr | Livelihood strategies and land degradation perceptions among small-scale farmers in Ng'iresi Village, Tanzania Per Assmo |
| title_full_unstemmed | Livelihood strategies and land degradation perceptions among small-scale farmers in Ng'iresi Village, Tanzania Per Assmo |
| title_short | Livelihood strategies and land degradation |
| title_sort | livelihood strategies and land degradation perceptions among small scale farmers in ng iresi village tanzania |
| title_sub | perceptions among small-scale farmers in Ng'iresi Village, Tanzania |
| topic | Jordförstöring - Tanzania sao Småbruk - Tanzania sao Bodennutzung (DE-588)4007389-0 gnd Landwirtschaftlicher Betrieb (DE-588)4073995-8 gnd Armut (DE-588)4002963-3 gnd Ökologie (DE-588)4043207-5 gnd Landbevölkerung (DE-588)4034229-3 gnd |
| topic_facet | Jordförstöring - Tanzania Småbruk - Tanzania Bodennutzung Landwirtschaftlicher Betrieb Armut Ökologie Landbevölkerung Tansania Hochschulschrift |
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